keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384847/host-zcchc3-blocks-hiv-1-infection-and-production-through-a-dual-mechanism
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Binbin Yi, Yuri L Tanaka, Daphne Cornish, Hidetaka Kosako, Erika P Butlertanaka, Prabuddha Sengupta, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Judd F Hultquist, Akatsuki Saito, Shige H Yoshimura
Most mammalian cells prevent viral infection and proliferation by expressing various restriction factors and sensors that activate the immune system. Several host restriction factors that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) have been identified, but most of them are antagonized by viral proteins. Here, we describe CCHC-type zinc-finger-containing protein 3 (ZCCHC3) as a novel HIV-1 restriction factor that suppresses the production of HIV-1 and other retroviruses, but does not appear to be directly antagonized by viral proteins...
March 15, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366753/molecular-epidemiology-of-hiv-1-subtypes-and-primary-antiretroviral-resistance-profiles-in-northern-cyprus-first-data-series
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emrah Güler, Ayse Arikan Sarioglu, Nazife Sultanoğlu, Kaya Suer, Tamer Sanlidag, Murat Sayan
The distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) subtypes indicates difference from region to region and in risk groups acquiring the disease worldwide. Although subtype C is more in terms of total cases, subtype B is dominant in certain regions, especially in Western and Central Europe. Molecular epidemiological studies are essential for the control, effective treatment, and understanding in transmission routes of HIV-1 infection. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of HIV-1 in Northern Cyprus...
February 17, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366732/active-tuberculosis-is-associated-with-depletion-of-hiv-specific-cd4-and-cd8-t-cells-in-people-with-hiv
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeremiah Khayumbi, Loren Sasser, Taryn McLaughlin, Benson Muchiri, Joshua Ongalo, Joan Tonui, Samuel Gurrion Ouma, Angie Campbell, Felix Hayara Odhiambo, Chelimo Kiprotich, Neel R Gandhi, Cheryl Day
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in people with HIV (PWH) is associated with depletion of Mtb-specific CD4 T cell responses, increased risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease and increased immune activation. While higher HIV viral loads have been reported in Mtb/HIV co-infection, the extent to which Mtb infection and TB disease impact the frequency and phenotype of HIV-specific T cell responses has not been well described. We enrolled a cohort of PWH in Kenya across a spectrum of Mtb infection states, including those with no evidence of Mtb infection, latent Mtb infection (LTBI) and active pulmonary TB disease, and evaluated the frequency, immune activation, and cytotoxicity phenotype of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in peripheral blood by flow cytometry...
February 17, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366730/csf-viral-escape-on-haart-analysis-from-single-tertiary-care-centre
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ravinder Kaur Sachdeva, Gsrsnk Naidu, Pooja Chauhan, Siftinder Kharbanda, Jasleen Kaur, Prashansa Joseph, Sunil K Arora, Aman Sharma
HIV infected individuals receiving regular antiretroviral therapy (ART) can present with a high viral load in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at time when it is suppressed in blood. This study presents data of HIV infected patients who had undetectable or low plasma viral load in blood but presented with neurological signs and symptoms and were diagnosed to have CSF HIV viral escape. Records were reviewed for clinical manifestations, details of opportunistic or coinfection, HIV viral copies in plasma and CSF at time of diagnosis of CSF escape...
February 17, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38299509/high-ratio-of-human-t-cell-lymphotropic-virus-transmission-and-prevalence-of-human-t-cell-lymphotropic-virus-type-1-associated-diseases-in-brazilian-family-groups-followed-up-by-the-giph-cohort
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luiz Cláudio Ferreira Romanelli, Gustavo Guimarães Rocha Figueiredo, Maisa Aparecida Ribeiro, Marina Lobato Martins
A silent spread of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been occurring for thousands of years, with a high prevalence in some regions due to the sexual and vertical transmission and formation of family clusters. The time from HTLV-1 infection until the onset of virus-associated diseases is extremely long, approximately one to three decades. In this study, we evaluated intrafamilial HTLV-1 transmission and associated diseases in 1,204 individuals enrolled and followed up by the GIPH cohort between 1997 and 2017...
February 1, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38293010/comparative-analysis-of-retroviral-gag-host-cell-interactions-focus-on-the-nuclear-interactome
#26
Gregory S Lambert, Breanna L Rice, Rebecca J Kaddis Maldonado, Jordan Chang, Leslie J Parent
Retroviruses exploit a variety of host proteins to assemble and release virions from infected cells. To date, most studies that examined possible interacting partners of retroviral Gag proteins focused on host proteins that localize primarily to the cytoplasm or plasma membrane. Given the recent findings that several full-length Gag proteins localize to the nucleus, identifying the Gag-nuclear interactome has high potential for novel findings that reveal previously unknown host processes. In this study, we systematically compared nuclear factors identified in published HIV-1 proteomic studies which had used a variety of experimental approaches...
January 18, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281060/porcine-endogenous-retroviruses-in-xenotransplantation
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joachim Denner
Xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues or organs is under development to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs. Meanwhile remarkably long survival times of pig organs in non-human primates were reported as well as the functionality of pig kidneys and hearts in brain-dead humans. Most importantly, two transplantations of pig hearts in patients were performed with survival times of the patients of 8 and 6 weeks. Xenotransplantation may be associated with the transmission of porcine microorganisms including viruses to the recipient...
January 27, 2024: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38274120/minor-intron-containing-genes-as-an-ancient-backbone-for-viral-infection
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefan Wuchty, Alisa K White, Anouk M Olthof, Kyle Drake, Adam J Hume, Judith Olejnik, Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido, Elke Mühlberger, Rahul N Kanadia
Minor intron-containing genes (MIGs) account for <2% of all human protein-coding genes and are uniquely dependent on the minor spliceosome for proper excision. Despite their low numbers, we surprisingly found a significant enrichment of MIG-encoded proteins (MIG-Ps) in protein-protein interactomes and host factors of positive-sense RNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS coronavirus, and Zika virus. Similarly, we observed a significant enrichment of MIG-Ps in the interactomes and sets of host factors of negative-sense RNA viruses such as Ebola virus, influenza A virus, and the retrovirus HIV-1...
January 2024: PNAS Nexus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38257898/coinfection-with-leishmania-infantum-and-toxoplasma-gondii-in-domestic-cats-from-a-region-with-a-high-prevalence-of-feline-immunodeficiency-virus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Artur Brilhante Bezerra, Amanda Haisi, Gabrielle Dos Santos Rocha, Suellen Gonçalves Lima, Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil, Klívio Loreno Raulino Tomaz, Felipe Fornazari, Helio Langoni, João Pessoa Araújo Junior, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes, Sérgio Santos de Azevedo
The aim of this study was to investigate the coinfection of feline retroviruses (feline immunodeficiency virus-FIV, and the feline leukemia virus-FeLV) with Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii and the factors associated with these pathogens in domestic cats from Mossoró, a city endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis situated in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. Blood samples from 120 cats were collected, and an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate the risk factors associated with the infections...
December 29, 2023: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38251196/generation-of-viral-particles-with-brain-cell-specific-tropism-by-pseudotyping-hiv-1-with-the-zika-virus-e-protein
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai Dang Ngo, Jan Patrick Formanski, Vivien Grunwald, Birco Schwalbe, Michael Schreiber
Flaviviruses are a family of RNA viruses that includes many known pathogens, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). A pseudotype is an artificial virus particle created in vitro by incorporating the flavivirus envelope proteins into the structure of, for example, a retrovirus such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). They can be a useful tool in virology for understanding the biology of flaviviruses, evaluating immune responses, developing antiviral strategies but can also be used as vectors for gene transfer experiments...
December 28, 2023: Methods and Protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38246188/human-t-lymphotropic-virus-type-1-and-antiretroviral-therapy-practical-considerations-for-pre-exposure-and-post-exposure-prophylaxis-transmission-prevention-and-mitigation-of-severe-disease
#31
REVIEW
Jake S O'Donnell, Noushin Jaberolansar, Keith J Chappell
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with substantial risk of secondary (often life-threatening) disease for the estimated 10 million to 20 million people infected globally. Despite a clear need, no HTLV-1-specific vaccine or antiretroviral therapy has been developed to date. Instead, existing public and primary health-care interventions inadequately focus on infection prevention and management of secondary diseases. In this Personal View, we discuss the evidence that exists to support the sensitivity of HTLV-1 to antiretroviral therapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HIV-1, how this sensitivity is affected by clinically relevant virological and immunological features, and additional practical considerations for the use of antiretroviral therapies in the context of HTLV-1...
January 18, 2024: The Lancet. Microbe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38227162/more-than-the-infinite-monkey-theorem-nhp-models-in-the-development-of-a-pediatric-hiv-cure
#32
REVIEW
Jairo A Fonseca, Alexis C King, Ann Chahroudi
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: An HIV cure that eliminates the viral reservoir or provides viral control without antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an urgent need in children as they face unique challenges, including lifelong ART adherence and the deleterious effects of chronic immune activation. This review highlights the importance of nonhuman primate (NHP) models in developing an HIV cure for children as these models recapitulate the viral pathogenesis and persistence. RECENT FINDINGS: Several cure approaches have been explored in infant NHPs, although knowledge gaps remain...
January 16, 2024: Current HIV/AIDS Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38215165/murine-leukemia-virus-infection-of-non-dividing-dendritic-cells-is-dependent-on-nucleoporins
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen Salas-Briceno, Wenming Zhao, Susan R Ross
Retroviral reverse transcription starts within the capsid and uncoating and reverse transcription are mutually dependent. There is still debate regarding the timing and cellular location of HIV's uncoating and reverse transcription and whether it occurs solely in the cytoplasm, nucleus or both. HIV can infect non-dividing cells because there is active transport of the preintegration complex (PIC) across the nuclear membrane, but Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV) is thought to depend on cell division for replication and whether MLV uncoating and reverse transcription is solely cytoplasmic has not been studied...
January 12, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38200989/microbes-and-mental-illness-past-present-and-future
#34
REVIEW
Robert C Bransfield, Charlotte Mao, Rosalie Greenberg
A review of the association between microbes and mental illness is performed, including the history, relevant definitions, infectious agents associated with mental illnesses, complex interactive infections, total load theory, pathophysiology, psychoimmunology, psychoneuroimmunology, clinical presentations, early-life infections, clinical assessment, and treatment. Perspectives on the etiology of mental illness have evolved from demonic possession toward multisystem biologically based models that include gene expression, environmental triggers, immune mediators, and infectious diseases...
December 29, 2023: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38189894/understanding-the-link-between-neurotropic-viruses-bbb-permeability-and-ms-pathogenesis
#35
REVIEW
Annu Rani, Süleyman Ergün, Srikanth Karnati, Hem Chandra Jha
Neurotropic viruses can infiltrate the CNS by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through various mechanisms including paracellular, transcellular, and "Trojan horse" mechanisms during leukocyte diapedesis. These viruses belong to several families, including retroviruses; human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), flaviviruses; Japanese encephalitis (JEV); and herpesviruses; herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse adenovirus 1 (MAV-1). For entering the brain, viral proteins act upon the tight junctions (TJs) between the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs)...
January 8, 2024: Journal of Neurovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38165048/heterogeneous-nuclear-ribonucleoprotein-k-promotes-cap-independent-translation-initiation-of-retroviral-mrnas
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yazmín Fuentes, Valeria Olguín, Brenda López-Ulloa, Dafne Mendonça, Hade Ramos, Ana Luiza Abdalla, Gabriel Guajardo-Contreras, Meijuan Niu, Barbara Rojas-Araya, Andrew J Mouland, Marcelo López-Lastra
Translation initiation of the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) genomic mRNA (vRNA) is cap-dependent or mediated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The HIV-1 IRES requires IRES-transacting factors (ITAFs) for function. In this study, we evaluated the role of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) as a potential ITAF for the HIV-1 IRES. In HIV-1-expressing cells, the depletion of hnRNPK reduced HIV-1 vRNA translation. Furthermore, both the depletion and overexpression of hnRNPK modulated HIV-1 IRES activity...
January 2, 2024: Nucleic Acids Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164121/the-effect-of-immunoglobulin-g-on-the-humoral-immunity-in-patients-with-tuberculosis-hiv-coinfection
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nina A Matsegora, Antonina V Kaprosh, Tetyana I Vasylyeva, Petro B Antonenko, Kateryna Antonenko
Previously, an increase in clinical effectiveness of the antituberculosis treatment (ATT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in case of additional immunoglobulin G (IgG) administration in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)/HIV coinfection was reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of IgG administration in addition to the standard second-line ATT and ART on the humoral immunity status in patients with MDR-TB/HIV coinfection immune deficiency. The study involved 52 patients living with HIV with MDR-TB coinfection and CD4+ lymphocyte cell count below 50 cells/μCL...
January 31, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164115/real-life-experience-of-long-acting-cabotegravir-rilpivirine-combination-in-a-person-living-with-hiv-with-detectable-viremia-a-case-report
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arturo Ciccullo, Valentina Iannone, Francesca Lombardi, Alberto Borghetti, Simona Di Giambenedetto
N/A.
January 2, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164106/crispr-cas-as-a-powerful-tool-for-human-immunodeficiency-virus-cure-a-review
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Wilson Domingues, Sabri Saeed Sanabani, Victor Angelo Folgosi, Igor Neves Barbosa, Jorge Casseb
Despite care and the availability of effective antiretroviral treatment, some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suffer from neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV (HAND) that significantly affect their quality of life. The different types of HAND can be divided into asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, mild neurocognitive disorder, and the most severe form known as HIV-associated dementia. Little is known about the mechanisms of HAND, but it is thought to be related to infection of astrocytes, microglial cells, and macrophages in the human brain...
February 2, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164103/current-resistance-of-hiv-1-strains-isolated-in-volunteer-blood-donors-in-gabon
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Mangala, Denis Maulot-Bangola, Alain Moutsinga, Anges Gar Wamba, Serge Christian Okolongo Mayani, Joseph Fokam
BACKGROUND: Detection of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and HIV-1 subtypes ensures effective therapeutic management for HIV-infected individuals. In Gabon, data on DRMs are very little available in the population of people living with HIV (PLHIV) but also among voluntary HIV-positive blood donors. This study aimed to study subtypes and drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in HIV-1 positive volunteer blood donors in Gabon. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the National Transfusion Center (NBTC) of Gabon...
January 2, 2024: AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
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