Gynecomastia clinical and surgery

INTRODUCTION: Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of the glandular tissue of the breast in males. Depending on the age, it can be considered a physiological condition. Prepubertal unilateral gynecomastia is a rare phenomenon. There are only a few case reports described through the last few years. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the clinical appearance and management of prepubertal idiopathic unilateral gynecomastia in a 9-year-old boy. We further include a literature review of 14 cases from 2011 to 2021...

To compare the clinical efficacy of tamoxifen and Chinese patented medicine (Pingxiao capsules) in patients with gynecomastia and discuss the safety of the two treatments. We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 388 male patients with gynecomastia who were treated in the Outpatient Clinic of our hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. There were 103 patients in the tamoxifen (TAM) group and 103 patients in the Chinese patented medicine group. There were 182 patients in the observation group (non-medication group; age range, 11-75 years; average age, 33...

Gynecomastia is a common benign breast disease involving abnormally increased mammary gland tissue that can affect men of all ages. It is usually due to a hormonal imbalance without a definitive underlying cause (idiopathic), or secondary to medications/drugs, systemic disorders, or malignancy. Gynecomastia is often self-limiting, and its management is watchful waiting. Other male benign breast diseases, such as cysts, lipomas, seromas, infections, and pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, should be worked up in a similar manner and often require surgical drainage or excision...

Mondor's disease (MD) is an uncommon clinical condition characterized by thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the anterolateral thoracoabdominal wall. In this paper we present the first ever reported case of Mondor's disease in male patient after surgical correction of gynecomastia with liposuction assisted skin sparing adenectomy.

Background and objective Gynecomastia is defined as a benign proliferation of male breast glandular tissue, either unilateral or bilateral, resulting from an imbalance of testosterone and estrogen. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical, etiological, and therapeutic aspects of gynecomastia. Materials and methods A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nutrition at the Hassan II University Hospital in Fez, Morocco, over a period of 10 years...

Gynecomastia is the most frequently breast lesion in males. 148 patients (mean age 24,7 years) operated in our department were reviewed with a mean follow-up of five years. Gynecomastia occurred most frequently during puberty (77,7 %), was bilateral (86,5%) and idiopathic (89,9%). The size of the enlargement was evaluated according to Simon's-classification based on breast-volume and skin-redundancy. 17 (11,5%) stage 1, 77 (52%) stage 2A, 32 (21,6%) stage 2B, 22 (14,9%) stage 3. Clinical examination and mammography determined the consistency of gynecomastia: adipose or firm...

Introduction and importance: Fibroadenoma of the male breast is a rarely diagnosed lesion that often occurs concurrently with gynecomastia and the intake of medications that alter sex hormone levels. Herein, we report the first case of fibroadenoma of the male breast, presenting with medullary thyroid cancer. In addition, we reviewed the current management strategies for fibroadenoma of the male breast in the literature. Case presentation: A 25-year-old male patient presented to our surgical unit with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)...

BACKGROUND: The popularity of aesthetic breast surgery in China results in greater demand for assessing risk factors for complications and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence and independent risk factors for postoperative complications following aesthetic breast surgery in China. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 4973 patients who had aesthetic breast surgery between 2012 and 2021 was performed. Postoperative complications include minor complications (incision healing impaired, hematoma, or fat liquefaction) and surgical site infection (SSI), which were recorded within 30 days after surgery...

Gynecomastia is a more common finding in primary care clinics than is recognized. Because this finding can be easily overlooked, appropriate investigation and management often are missed. The workup of gynecomastia is highly individualized, based on the patient's presentation and related factors. It should be guided by thorough history taking and physical examination. Unless the patient has associated symptoms, or there is suspicion for an underlying clinical disorder causing the gynecomastia, the patient need not be investigated further...

BACKGROUND: The public interest and demand for cosmetic surgery is growing in North America. As practices continue to advertise cosmetic procedures, male consumers must also be given fair consideration in a market targeted mostly towards women. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the advertising trends of plastic surgery clinics to assess for prevailing gender differences among online Canadian plastic surgery practice advertising. METHODS: The 2021 College of Physicians and Surgeons directory for each province and territory was utilized to identify all practicing plastic surgeons...

Contemporary management of gynecomastia includes transareolar excision of gland, disruption of inframammary fold, ultrasonic-assisted lipoplasty with muscular definition, bipolar radiofrequency tightening, pedicled NAC mastopexy with boomerang pattern excision and J torsoplasty, NAC grafts with hockey stick excision pattern, and pectoralis muscle lipoaugmentation. Therapeutic options are arranged across a modified Simon classification. The aesthetic goal is near total glandular reduction, with proper position and shape of the nipple areolar complexes, and masculinity with skin adherence reflecting musculoskeleton...

BACKGROUND: Persistent adolescent gynecomastia negatively affects health-related quality of life. Surgery results in psychosocial improvements, but the effects of postoperative complications on health-related quality of life are unknown. The authors examined whether complications following adolescent gynecomastia surgery impact postoperative health-related quality of life. METHODS: Patients aged 12 to 21 years who underwent surgical correction of unilateral/bilateral gynecomastia between 2007 and 2019 were enrolled (n = 145)...

Leydig cell tumors, most often benign, are a rare cause of isosexual gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty in boys due to secretion of testosterone. Very rarely do these tumors produce estrogen, causing gynecomastia. Testicular sparing surgery is the mainstay of treatment currently although radical orchidectomy was the choice in the past. Following surgery, clinical signs improve along with a revision of biochemical changes. Occasionally, it has been reported few children are progressed to gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty (GDPP) after initial clinical and biochemical recovery...

AIM: Analyze the management of gynecomastia and adipomastia; and identify the peculiarities in black people in a general surgery department of the CHU Sylvanus Olympio in Lomé (Togo). PATIENT AND METHOD: Descriptive retrospective study included 43 cases of gynecomastia and 5 cases of adipomastia (January 2014 to December 2020). The data taken into account were: epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical and the treatment (surgery and medical). The administration of hydrocortisone (solumedrol 120mg/day) for 3days immediately after surgery and the application of shea butter on the scar were performed...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the case of a 17-year-old transgender boy who experienced breast development while on testosterone, having been suppressed with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist prior to testosterone therapy. CASE REPORT: A 17-year-old transgender boy presented with breast development after having been on a GnRH agonist and then testosterone since the age of 11 years, having never experienced breast development before, which was consistent with pubertal gynecomastia...

Background The year 2019 marked the 50th anniversary of plastic surgery department of our institution. We present an audit to plot the changing clinical trends in our work in the past five decades. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study based on the department demographics was performed and compared across the decades from 1969 to 2019. Results In 1969, the relative proportion of reconstructive versus cosmetic surgery procedures was 94.32% versus 5.68%; in 2019 this was 76.25% and 23.75%, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Madelung's disease, also known as multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, is a rare, underrecognized disorder of fat metabolism that results in unusual accumulation of subcutaneous fat deposits around the neck, shoulders, upper arms, trunk, hips, and upper thighs. Our case demonstrates the importance of differential diagnosis and the value of a superb microvascular imaging technique for suspecting and confirming Madelung's disease. Timely diagnosis and alcohol abstinence could prevent the progression of growing fatty masses and prevent surgery...

PURPOSE: Several technologies and innovative approaches continue to emerge for the optimal management of gynecomastia by plastic surgeons; the present study investigates the role of radiation therapy in this context. METHODS: A systematic review was performed to evaluate the utility of radiotherapy for the prevention and treatment of gynecomastia incidence or recurrence by plastic surgeons. RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria for review...

BACKGROUND: Gynecomastia is a common finding in males. Clinical aspect varies widely in world populations showing peculiar hallmarks according to different body shapes reflecting personal expectations; therefore, a surgical plan must be tailored on individual basis to all type of patients. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 522 patients, treated for bilateral gynecomastia from January 2007 to January 2019, were included and reviewed in this retrospective study. Considering physical status BMI, muscular trophism, hypertrophy of the mammary region, nipple-areola disorder, gland and skin cover consistency, a four-tier classification system has been used to classify the deformity and to assess a surgical plan...

Unlike female breast cancer, male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and not very well understood. Prospective data in the management of MBC are lacking and majority of treatment strategies are adopted from the established guidelines for breast cancer in women. The understanding of biology, clinical presentation, genetics, and management of MBC is evolving but there still remains a large knowledge gap due to the rarity of this disease. Older age, high estradiol levels, klinefelter syndrome, radiation exposure, gynecomastia, family history of breast cancer, BRCA2 and BRCA1 mutation are some of the known risk factors for MBC...