Superhydrophobic Surface

Cu-Cu soldering is realized under certain pressure and low temperature conditions by using a surface silver film to modify the copper microlayer structure, thus solving the problems of high thermal stress and signal delay aggravation caused by high temperature in the traditional reflow soldering process. The copper microlayer modified with silver film is obtained by electrodeposition. The surface substructure of the Cu microlayer is a nano cone-shaped protrusion. The diameter of the bottom of the cone is 500 nm∼1 μm, and the height of the cone is 1∼2 μm...

Amidst the burgeoning interest in multifunctional superhydrophobic wood-based composites (SWBCs) for their varied applications and the need for improved environmental resilience, recent efforts focus on enhancing their utility by integrating features such as mechanical and chemical stability, self-healing capabilities, flame resistance, and antimicrobial properties. Research indicates that various external conditions can influence the wettability and additional characteristics of SWBCs. This comprehensive review outlines three critical factors affecting SWBCs' performance: synthesis methods, wood taxonomy, and chemical agents...

Developing high performance and recyclable sorbent through a facile, low-cost, and eco-friendly way is quite important for oily wastewater treatment. Among the various fabrication approaches developed so far, the one using biomass waste as starting materials is particularly attractive in view of the cost and environmental benignity. Herein, a magnetic chitosan/typha orientalis fibers aerogel (MCS/TOFs) with excellent elasticity and superhydrophobicity was facilely prepared through freeze-drying and subsequent low-temperature annealing of biomass fibers (typha orientalis fibers, TOFs), chitosan (CS), and Fe3 O4 nanoparticles...

The excessive water sensitivity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films prevent them from being used extensively. In order to overcome this limitation, superhydrophobic HPMC films were meticulously crafted through the utilization of a composite of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ball-milled rice starch, corn starch, or potato starch (RS/CS/PS) for the coating process. Initially possessing hydrophilic properties, the HPMC Film (CA = 49.3 ± 1.8°) underwent a transformative hydrophobic conversion upon the application of PDMS, resulting in a static contact angle measuring up to 103...

Coatings with only passive protection cannot offer long-term anticorrosion on metals. Eco-friendly sustainable and responsive coating for active/passive corrosion protection is desirable to extend the service life of metals. Here, benzotriazole (BTA)-metal organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs, UiO-66) were embedded in silica (SiO2 ) coating by one-step electrodeposition on copper. Combined with passive capability of MOFs and active protection of BTA inhibitor, the composite coating (BTA-MOF/SiO2 ) exhibited high and stable corrosion resistance, confirmed by microstructure characterizations and electrochemical tests...

Smooth interfaces embedded with low surface free energy allow effortless sliding of beaded droplets of selected liquids-with homogeneous wettability. Such slippery interfaces display low or moderate contact angles, unlike other extremely liquid repellent interfaces ( e.g. superhydrophobic). These slippery interfaces emerged as a promising alternative to extremely liquid repellent hierarchically rough interfaces that generally suffer from instability under severe conditions, scattering of visible light because of the hierarchically rough interface, entrapment of fine solid particulates in their micro-grooves and so on...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to reveal the differences in the chemical structure of the topmost layer after plasma modification. It was found out that changes in the surface properties of the polymer could be observed even after 20 seconds of treatment. The surface becomes hydrophobic or superhydrophobic, with the water contact angles up to 160 degrees. Morphological changes and increased roughness can be observed only in the nanoscale, whereas the structure seems to be unaffected in the microscale...

A strategy to manipulate droplets on the lubricated slippery surfaces using tribostatic electricity is proposed. By employing femtosecond laser-induced porous microstructures, we prepared a slippery surface with ultralow adhesion to various liquids. Electrostatic induction causes the charges within the droplet to be redistributed; thus, the droplet on the as-prepared slippery surfaces can be guided by electrostatic force under the electrostatic field, with controllable sliding direction and unlimited transport distance...

Superhydrophobic coatings hold immense promise for various applications. However, their practical use is currently hindered by issues such as poor stability, high costs, and complex preparation processes. Here, we present the preparation of cost-effective and stable superhydrophobic coatings through fluorination of natural attapulgite (F-ATP) nanorods and subsequent solvent-induced phase separation of a silicone-modified polyester adhesive (SMPA) with the F-ATP nanorods dispersed in it. Phase separation of the F-ATP/SMPA system forms a uniform suspension of microaggregates, which can be easily utilized for preparing superhydrophobic coatings via spray coating...

Superhydrophobic fabrics with multiple functions have become a research hotspot. However, it is challenging to make self-healing mechanically robust and eco-friendly superhydrophobic fabrics, which are limited by complex fabrication processes and excessive use of environmentally unfriendly solvents during fabrication. Herein, inspired by the secretion of a waxy substance from the surface of lotus leaves to restore water repellency, self-healing superhydrophobic composite fabrics (as-synthesized PA66/6-PET@Tico) are obtained by constructing a papillary TiO2 and tentacle-like fluorinated acrylate polymer (FCB015) coating on polyester-nylon composite fabrics using two-step hydrothermal method...

To produce functional protective textiles with minimal environmental footprints, we developed durable superhydrophobic antimicrobial textiles. These textiles are characterized by a micro-pleated structure on polyester fiber surfaces, achieved through a novel plasma impregnation crosslinking process. This process involved the use of water as the dispersion medium, water-soluble nanosilver monomers for antimicrobial efficacy, fluorine-free polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for hydrophobicity, and polyester (PET) fabric as the base material...

Superhydrophobic surfaces, characterized by exceptional water repellency and self-cleaning properties, have gained significant attention for their diverse applications across industries. This review paper comprehensively explores the theoretical foundations, various fabrication methods, applications, and associated challenges of superhydrophobic surfaces. The theoretical section investigates the underlying principles, focusing on models such as Young's equation, Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter states, and the dynamics of wetting...

Chemical instability of liquid-repellent surfaces is one of the nontrivial hurdles that hinders their real-world applications. Although much effort has been made to prepare chemically durable liquid-repellent surfaces, little attention has been paid to exploit the instability for versatile use. Herein, we propose to create hydrophilic patterns on a superhydrophobic surface by taking advantage of its chemical instability induced by acid solution treatment. A superhydrophobic Cu(OH)2 nanoneedle-covered Cu plate that shows poor stability towards HCl solution (1...

As the population ages, the number of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to increase. Infections after primary arthroplasty are rare but have high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as enormous financial implications for healthcare systems. Numerous methods including the use of superhydrophobic coatings, the incorporation of antibacterial agents, and the application of topographical treatments have been developed to reduce bacterial attachment to medical devices...

Nanomaterials of zinc oxide (ZnO) exhibit antibacterial activities under ambient illumination that result in cell membrane permeability and disorganization, representing an important opportunity for health-related applications. However, the development of antibiofouling surfaces incorporating ZnO nanomaterials has remained limited. In this work, we fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces based on ZnO nanopillars. Water droplets on these superhydrophobic surfaces exhibit small contact angle hysteresis (within 2-3°) and a minimal tilting angle of 1°...

Ice and snow disasters have greatly affected both the global economy and human life, and the search for efficient and stable anti-icing/deicing coatings has become the main goal of much research. Currently, the development and application of anti-icing/deicing coatings are severely limited due to their complex preparation, structural fragility, and low stability. This work presents a method for preparing hydrophobic solid photothermal slippery surfaces (SPSS) that exhibit rapid self-repairing, dual anti-icing/deicing properties, and remarkable stability...

Liquid marbles (LMs) are droplets encapsulated with powders presenting varied roughness and wettability. These LMs have garnered a lot of attention due to their dual properties of leakage-free and quick transport on both solid and liquid surfaces. These droplets are in a Cassie-Baxter wetting state sitting on both roughness and air pockets existing between particles. They are also reminiscent of the state of a drop on a superhydrophobic (SH) surface. In this review, LMs and bare droplets on SH surfaces are comparatively investigated in terms of two aspects: interfacial and dynamical...

Various plant-based materials effectively absorb oil contaminants at the water/air interface. These materials showcase unparalleled efficiency in purging oil contaminants, encompassing rivers, lakes, and boundless oceans, positioning them as integral components of environmental restoration endeavors. In addition, they are biodegradable, readily available, and eco-friendly, thus making them a preferable choice over traditional oil cleaning materials. This study explores the phenomenal properties of the floating Azolla fern ( Azolla pinnata ), focusing on its unique hierarchical leaf surface design at both the microscale and nanoscale levels...

In this work, the adsorption of Candida antarctica B (CALB) and Rhizomucor miehei (RML) lipases into hydrophobic wrinkled silica nanoparticles (WSNs) is investigated. WSNs are hydrophobized by chemical vapor deposition. Both proteins are homogeneously distributed inside the pores of the nanoparticles, as confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray measurements. The maximum enzyme load of CALB is twice that obtained for RML. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirms the preservation of the enzyme secondary structure after immobilization for both enzymes...

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are the heart of alkaline fuel cells and water electrolysis, and have made a great progress in recent years. However, AEMs are still unable to satisfy the needs of high conductivity and stability, hindering their widespread commercialization. Side chain regulations have been widely used to prepare highly conductive and durable AEMs. Here, we construct a series of polyaromatic AEMs grafted with fluorinated cation side chains and cation-free alkyl chains with different end groups to explore the polar discrimination of side chains on membrane performance...