nonfasting

Background Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, especially when disease presents at a young age. Despite national screening guidelines to perform a lipid profile test in children and young adults, many reproductive-age women have not undergone lipid screening. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of lipid screening during the first trimester of pregnancy as a strategy to increase lipid screening rates among women receiving prenatal care. Methods and Results A nonfasting lipid panel was incorporated into routine prenatal care among obstetricians at a single academic clinic...

BACKGROUND: Analyses of predictors of anemia or malnutrition often pool national or regional data, which may hide variability at subnational levels. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify the risk factors for anemia in young Nepali children aged 6-23 mo in 2 districts: Kapilvastu and Achham. METHODS: This is an analysis of two cross-sectional surveys that were conducted as part of a program evaluation of an infant and young child feeding and micronutrient powder intervention that included anemia as a primary outcome...

With the rising demand for entry to extremely high altitudes (HAs), rapid adaptability to extremely hypoxic environments is a challenge that we need to explore. Fasting was used to evaluate acute hypoxia tolerance at HA and was proven to be an effective method for improving the survival rate at extreme HA. Our experiments also showed that fasting pretreatment for 72 h significantly increased the 24 h survival rate of rats at 7620 m from 10 to 85% and protected the myocardium cells of rats. Here, we compared the metabolites and gene expression in the myocardium of SD rats pretreated with fasting and nonfasting at normal altitude and extreme HA...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of plasma insulin levels and their trajectories from birth to childhood with the timing of menarche. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This prospective study included 458 girls recruited at birth between 1998 and 2011 and followed prospectively at the Boston Medical Center. Plasma nonfasting insulin concentrations were measured at two time points: at birth (cord blood) and in childhood (age 0.5-5 years). Age at menarche was obtained from a pubertal developmental questionnaire or abstracted from electronic medical records...

OBJECTIVES: Measurement location and patient state can impact noninvasive liver assessment and change clinical staging in ultrasound examinations. Research into differences exists for Shear Wave Speed (SWS) and Attenuation Imaging (ATI), but not for Shear Wave Dispersion (SWD). The aim of this study is to assess the effect of breathing phase, liver lobe, and prandial state on SWS, SWD, and ATI ultrasound measurements. METHODS: Two experienced examiners performed SWS, SWD, and ATI measurements in 20 healthy volunteers using a Canon Aplio i800 system...

Childhood obesity is an ongoing concern in the United States. Higher weight status in early childhood is associated with higher weight status at older ages. The Maternal Obesity Matters (MOMs) Study investigated associations between maternal risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and child BMI z-scores (BMIz) among preschool-aged children. This cross-sectional exploratory study included mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old children in Colorado, United States. Maternal nonfasting blood samples, blood pressure, and maternal and child anthropometrics were collected...

UNLABELLED: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive prodrug often used to prevent allograft rejection following solid organ transplantation. After oral administration, MMF is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active metabolite mycophenolate acid (MPA), which is inactivated by glucuronosyltransferase to the mycophenolic acid glucuronide metabolite (MPAG). The aim was 2-fold: to investigate the impact of circadian variation and fasting versus nonfasting status on MPA and MPAG pharmacokinetics in renal transplant recipients (RTRs)...

Background Elevated nonfasting triglycerides were associated with non-Alzheimer dementia in a recent study. However, this study neither evaluated the association of fasting triglycerides with incident cognitive impairment (ICI) nor adjusted for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), known risk markers for ICI and dementia. Methods and Results We examined the association between fasting triglycerides and ICI among 16 170 participants in the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study without cognitive impairment or a history of stroke at baseline in 2003 to 2007 and who had no stroke events during follow-up through September 2018...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is at the core of many chronic conditions and exacerbates infectious conditions, including the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effects of a novel food supplement, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), specifically Levagen+, as compared with a placebo on proinflammatory biomarkers in adults recently diagnosed with COVID-19 who were unvaccinated and nonhospitalized. METHODS: This study was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial conducted October 2020-March 2021 (clinicaltrials...

GOAL: The aim was to investigate the short-term impact of time restricted feeding on patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). BACKGROUND: Lifestyle modifications are often suggested, but the role of diet in GERD is unclear. Intermittent fasting is popular in the media and has demonstrated potential benefits with weight loss and inflammatory conditions as well as alterations in gastrointestinal hormones. STUDY: Patients who were referred for 96-hour ambulatory wireless pH monitoring off proton pump inhibitor to investigate GERD symptoms were screened for eligibility...

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between fasting and nonfasting serum triglyceride (TG) levels and the incidence of hypertension in a general Japanese population. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health check-up data of residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3202 participants without hypertension at baseline were included in the present analysis. TG levels were classified as quartile 1 (<0.82 mmol/L), quartile 2 (0...

Ramadan, a one-month period in which eating and drinking are prohibited from sunrise to sunset, is considered sacred by Muslims. According to Islamic rules, fasting is obligatory for adults and healthy people, but patients and travelers are exempted from this rule. It is not clear whether pregnant women can fast during Ramadan. This cross-sectional case-control study included low-risk pregnant women at 32-37 weeks of gestation in Turkey. We examined healthy women in the last period of their pregnancy and found similar perinatal outcomes between the fasting and nonfasting participants...

BACKGROUND: All healthy Arab individuals are obligated to abstain from eating, drinking, and sexual relations from dawn to sunset during Ramadan, which is one of the 5 pillars of Islam. Fasting effects various body systems, apart from the renal system. Fasting can also increase serum creatinine levels because of dehydration. Our aim was to examine the effects of increased fluid intake during the night on serum creatinine and urea levels. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial included 58 healthy subjects who were randomly divided into 2 groups of 29...

Diets with intermittent fasting are an efficient method for producing clinically significant weight loss and preventing the development of obesity. However, individuals following intermittent fasting must face the difficulty of avoiding eating when experiencing the feeling of hunger. In this study, we investigated which aspects of executive function were affected following a prolonged period of food deprivation in participants that have never previously undergone intermittent fasting. Twenty-six participants with normal weight performed two binary classification tasks (Stop Signal (SST) and Go/NoGo) after either a 12-hour fasting or a nonfasting period in separate sessions...

To retrospectively review the efficacy of intermittent fasting 5:2 plus program (30% of energy requirements on fast days and 70% of energy requirements on nonfasting days) in Chinese patients with overweight or obesity. This retrospective cohort study evaluated weight loss outcomes of patients treated with 12 weeks weight loss program in clinic. Adults with overweight or obesity participated in intermittent fasting 5:2 plus, daily calorie restriction (70% of energy requirements every day) or daily calorie restriction with meal replacement (70% of energy requirements every day, partly provided with high-protein meal replacement) programs for 12 weeks...

Chronic hyperglycemia, the product of uncontrolled diabetes, leads to the appearance of vascular complications that can result in the premature death of diabetic patients. Consequently, pharmacological intervention with hypoglycemic agents could delay these complications and improve the quality of life of patients in the long term. Traditional Mexican medicine provides a great wealth of medicinal plants that are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for nearly 90-95% of total cases...

Background: Previous studies have revealed that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol (TRL-c) is closely related to diabetes mellitus (DM) in hypertensive patients. However, this relationship in stroke patients has not been reported. The aims of this study are to investigate the relationship between TRL-c and diabetes in adult Chinese stroke. Methods: Patients with stroke treated in the Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected...

INTRODUCTION: Test performance screening measures for dysglycemia have not been evaluated prospectively in youth. This study evaluated the prospective test performance of random glucose (RG), 1-h nonfasting glucose challenge test (1-h GCT), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine (FA), and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) for identifying dysglycemia. METHODS: Youth ages 8-17 years with overweight or obesity (body mass index, BMI, ≥85th percentile) without known diabetes completed nonfasting tests at baseline (n = 176) and returned an average of 1...

Differences in cage microenvironments may contribute to variation in data and affect the outcome of animal studies involving metabolic diseases. To study this, we compared the effects 3 types of bedding-corncob bedding, hardwood bedding, and hardwood bedding plus a cardboard enrichment item-on baseline fasting and nonfasting blood glucose and body weight in mice. Mice housed on corncob bedding showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose than did mice housed on hardwood bedding, with or without the enrichment item...

Background: Sexual violence is associated with poor cardiometabolic outcomes, yet the etiopathogenic pathways remain unclear. Adipokines may contribute to pathways in the development of cardiometabolic disease (CMD), including in vulnerable populations. Further investigation of adipokines among sexually traumatized individuals may inform cardiometabolic screening. This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating adipokines, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and longitudinal change in MetS components (namely abdominal obesity, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemic status) over a 1-year period in a cohort of rape exposed (RE) and rape unexposed (RUE) females...