Relapse of tuberculosis in bronchiectasis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem disorder that occurs as a result of autosomal recessive congenital transmission of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation on chromosome 7. Because it is considered a disease of the Caucasian pediatric population or due to lack of awareness, it is rarely considered in developing countries like ours. This case report presents the first case of cystic fibrosis ever reported in Ethiopia and possibly East Africa, that of a 17-year-old female diagnosed with the disease following a CT scan of her abdomen and chest...

Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is emerging as a significant area of global interest. As the number of patients surviving tuberculosis (TB) increases, the subsequent long-term repercussions have drawn increased attention due to their profound clinical and socioeconomic impacts. A primary obstacle to its comprehensive study has been its marked heterogeneity. The disease presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations which encompass tracheobronchial stenosis, bronchiectasis, granulomas with fibrosis, cavitation with associated aspergillosis, chronic pleural diseases, and small airway diseases-all persistent consequences of PTLD...

Introduction Aspergilloses refers to a spectrum of disease caused by Aspergillus species that includes simple aspergiloma, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA) and subacute invasive aspergillosis (SAIA) (1;3). Surgical results of CCPA or SAIA are worse when compared with those for simple aspergilloma, and the surgical indications remain somewhat unclear. These patients can be challenging due to ongoing inflammatory process and the risk for postoperative complication. (1,2;3). Objectives We retrospectively reviewed our surgical results between August 2010 and August 2020...

Following greater attention and follow-up of patients with treated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), it has emerged that infections are more likely to occur in this cohort of patients. This comes as no surprise, as pulmonary TB is a destructive process that leads to cicatrization, alteration of parenchyma, bronchiectasis, and scarring of the lung, with reduction of lung volumes and an impact on pulmonary function. In addition to relapse and re-infection with TB, other pathogens are increasingly recognized in post-TB patients...

BACKGROUND: Coexistence of aspergilloma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has rarely been reported. Although the treatment for ABPA includes administration of corticosteroids and antifungal agents, little is known about the treatment for coexisting aspergilloma and ABPA. Furthermore, the impact of surgical resection for aspergilloma on ABPA is not fully understood. Here, we present an interesting case of recurrent ABPA with long-term follow-up after surgical resection of aspergilloma...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the residual broncho-pulmonary lesions and evaluate the role of CT scanning at the end of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis of the initial and end of treatment CT scans of 56 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to a reading grid including parenchymatous and airways lesions. The CT data at the end of treatment were analysed in relation to the clinical and microbiological data, and the original CT scan...

Today surgical procedures for pulmonary tuberculosis are highly selective but owing to the increasing incidence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis has been becoming more and more relevant. Besides the treatment of tuberculosis foci in multidrug resistance tuberculosis to eliminate the source of relapse, complications as sequelae of tuberculosis are among the most frequent indications for surgery. In patients with cavernous lesions, destroyed lobe or lung, bronchiectasis, pleural empyema or hemoptysis thoracic surgical procedures may be warranted...

PURPOSE: The authors report on 31 years of experience with bronchial (BAE) and/or nonbronchial (NBAE) systemic artery embolisation for managing haemoptysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 534 patients who underwent bronchial artery angiography for haemoptysis between 1979 and 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Of these patients, 477 (89%) had active bleeding and underwent BAE and/or NBAE (295 males and 182 females, aged between 12 and 71 years). Embolisation techniques, materials, major and minor complications and relapses were recorded...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The natural history of life-threatening hemoptysis (LTH), a medical emergency, is ill defined. The objective of the study was to evaluate, in a university teaching hospital setting, the etiology, methods used, and evolution of LTH. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study in which we enrolled 154 patients admitted for LTH over 3 consecutive years. Bronchoscopy and arteriography procedures were performed, as prescribed by the attending physician...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). METHODS: The clinical presentations, serologic results, lung function data, chest radiology and the results of treatment of 23 patients with ABPA in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: There were 11 males and 12 females, with a mean age of (34.0 +/- 13.2) yrs. Tuberculosis, pneumonia, lung cancer and Wegener's granulomatosis were initially diagnosed in 12, 3, 2 and 1 cases respectively...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe the experience of screening patients with asthma for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) presenting to a chest clinic. The clinical, serologic, radiologic, and treatment aspects including outcome of ABPA are also described. METHODS: All consecutive patients with asthma presenting to the chest clinic over a period of 2 years were screened with an Aspergillus skin test. Patients who were found to be positive were further investigated for ABPA...

As the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) declines in the developed world, the proportion of mycobacterial lung disease due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing. It is not clear whether there is a real increase in prevalence or whether NTM disease is being recognized more often because of the introduction of more sensitive laboratory techniques, and that more specimens are being submitted for mycobacterial staining and culture as the result of a greater understanding of the role of NTM in conditions such as cystic fibrosis, posttransplantation and other forms of iatrogenic immunosuppression, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, fibronodular bronchiectasis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis...

Patients infected by tuberculosis (TB) had been thought to never experience exogenous re-infection. However, exogenous re-infection in HIV-positive patients is well known. Thanks to the introduction of histopathological examination, analysis of similarities in drug-resistance patterns and epidemiological surveys of genetic phage typing for TB infection, we have begun to understand that even people with a normal immune system can experience re-infection. Recent advances in the techniques of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping allow determination of similarities in tubercle bacilli, revealing a high ratio of exogenous re-infection...

The non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (NTM) is not a unitary disease. It is a general term for the bronchopulmonary diseases caused by any mycobacterium other than M. tuberculosis. We don't call the pulmonary "pseudomoniosis" for the diffuse bronchiectasis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, though conditions of the disease looks like NTM. The name of NTM represents that the causativebacteria belong to the same species with M. tuberculosis which causes serious pulmonary infectious disease. The pulmonary diseases caused by M...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term effect and the key factors associated with relapse of double embolization of bronchial artery in patients with lung tuberculosis and hemoptysis. METHODS: Fifty patients with lung tuberculosis and hemoptysis receiving the radiography and double embolization of bronchial artery (BAG + BAE) had been followed up for two years. The causes for hemoptysis relapse was determined, followed by specific treatment, and the effect was evaluated...

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is ubiquitous. It is found in various freshwater and saltwater sources around the world, including hot water pipes. Although the organism was identified in the 1890s, its potential to cause human disease was only recognized 50 years later. Only a minority of people exposed to the organism will acquire MAC lung disease, usually those with underlying lung disease or immunosuppression. MAC may, however, cause progressive parenchymal lung disease and bronchiectasis in patients without underlying lung disease, particularly in middle-aged and elderly women...

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), an immunologically mediated lung disease, occurs predominantly in patients with asthma. This chronic relapsing disorder ranges clinically from mild asthma to fatal destructive lung disease and is caused by hypersensitivity to colonized Aspergillus fumigatus (Af). The immunopathogenesis of the disease is yet to be understood clearly. Specific IgE-Af and IgG-Af, the serological markers, contribute to the diagnosis. Radiologically, ABPA is characterized by fleeting pulmonary infiltrates often confused with pulmonary tuberculosis...

Still today bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is an important procedure in the management of hemoptysis, as an alternative to, or in association with, surgical or medical therapy. From 1974 to 1990, BAE was performed in 209 patients who suffered from hemoptysis with different etiopathogeneses and severity. Bronchiectasis were the most frequent indication (46%) followed by tuberculosis (31%), cystic fibrosis (16%), lung cancer (4%), and aspergillosis (3%). BAEs were performed by means of polyvinyl alcohol particles and absorbable gelatin sponge...

From January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1992, 37 patients underwent a completion pneumonectomy after a previous lobectomy (36 men and 1 woman; mean age, 60 years; range, 41 to 77 years). These account for 4.8% of 758 pneumonectomies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the operative results of completion pneumonectomy and long-term survival in patients with bronchogenic cancer. The initial lung resection had been performed for primary bronchogenic cancer in 23, metastatic thyroid adenocarcinoma in 1, and benign diseases in 13 (tuberculosis in 11, aspergilloma in 1, and bronchiectasis in 1)...

Respiratory infections of 19 subjects of advanced age and/or with underlying respiratory disease were treated with cefoperazone (CPZ) and its clinical effects were studied. Sixteen subjects suffered from respiratory tract infection and 3 subjects had pneumonia. The age of the subjects ranged from 39 to 77 years with the mean of 63.8, 7 of them being more than 70 years of age. The underlying respiratory diseases included chronic pulmonary emphysema in 6 subjects, diffuse panbronchiolitis in 3, bronchiectasis in 3, silicosis in 2 and one each of chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and old pulmonary tuberculosis...