keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142369/nanodiagnostics-in-leishmaniasis-a-new-frontiers-for-early-elimination
#1
REVIEW
Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda, Prasoon Madhukar, Ashish Shukla, Shyam Lal Mudavath, Onkar Nath Srivastava, Om Prakash Singh, Shyam Sundar
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still a major public health concern in developing countries having the highest outbreak and mortality potential. While the treatment of VL has greatly improved in recent times, the current diagnostic tools are limited for use in the post-elimination setting. Although conventional serological methods of detection are rapid, they can only differentiate between active disease in strict combination with clinical criteria, and thus are not sufficient enough to diagnose relapse patients...
March 2021: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142363/pit-and-fissure-sealants-versus-fluoride-varnishes-for-preventing-dental-decay-in-the-permanent-teeth-of-children-and-adolescents
#2
REVIEW
Wafa Kashbour, Puneet Gupta, Helen V Worthington, Dwayne Boyers
BACKGROUND: Most of the detected increment in dental caries among children above the age of six years and adolescents is confined to occlusal surfaces of posterior permanent molars. Dental sealants and fluoride varnishes are much used to prevent caries. As the effectiveness of both interventions in controlling caries as compared with no intervention has been demonstrated previously, this review aimed to evaluate their relative effectiveness. It updates a review published originally in 2006 and updated in 2010 and in 2016...
November 4, 2020: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142197/reliable-and-highly-sensitive-biosensor-from-suspended-mos-2-atomic-layer-on-nano-gap-electrodes
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nirul Masurkar, Naresh Kumar Thangavel, Sally Yurgelevic, Sundeep Varma, Gregory W Auner, Leela Mohana Reddy Arava
The uneven morphology and the trapped charges at the surface of the traditionally used supporting substrate-based 2D biosensors produces a scattering effect, which leads to a irregular signals from individually fabricated devices. Though suspended 2D channel material has the potential to overcome scattering effects from the substrates but achieving reliability and selectivity, have been limiting the using of this biosensor technology. Here, we have demonstrated nanogap electrodes fabrication by using the self-assembly technique, which provides suspension to the 2D-MoS2 ...
October 17, 2020: Biosensors & Bioelectronics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33142115/nir-spectroscopy-of-natural-medicines-supported-by-novel-instrumentation-and-methods-for-data-analysis-and-interpretation
#4
REVIEW
Krzysztof B Beć, Justyna Grabska, Christian W Huck
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative phytoanalysis. It is a rapid and high-throughput analytical method, with on-site capability, high chemical specificity, and no/minimal sample preparation. NIR spectroscopy is a powerful non-invasive and low-cost alternative with significant practical advantages compared to the conventional methods of analysis. These advantages are particularly exposed in the field of phytoanalysis. In contrast to synthetic medicines, natural products feature chemical diversity that can vary depending on the medicinal plant cultivation conditions, geographical origin or harvest time...
January 30, 2021: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141886/elevated-plasma-levels-of-syndecan-1-and-soluble-thrombomodulin-predict-adverse-outcomes-in-thrombotic-thrombocytopenic-purpura
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruinan Lu, Jingrui Sui, X Long Zheng
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a potentially fatal blood disorder resulting from acquired deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity. Despite recent advances in early diagnosis and novel therapeutics, the mortality rate of acute iTTP remains as high as 10% to 20%. Moreover, a reliable clinical and laboratory parameter that predicts disease severity and outcomes is lacking. We show in the present study that plasma levels of syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) on admission were dramatically increased in patients with acute iTTP and remained substantially elevated in a subset of patients compared with healthy controls...
November 10, 2020: Blood Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141855/sustaining-compliance-with-hand-hygiene-when-resources-are-low-a-quality-improvement-report
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zaki Abou Mrad, Nicole Saliba, Dima Abou Merhi, Amal Rahi, Mona Nabulsi
BACKGROUND: Sustainability of hand hygiene is challenging in low resource settings. Adding ownership and goal setting to the WHO-5 multimodal intervention may help sustain high compliance. AIM: To increase and sustain compliance of nursing and medical staff with hand hygiene in a tertiary referral center with limited resources. METHODS: A quality improvement initiative was conducted over two years (2016-2018). After determining baseline compliance rates, the WHO-5 multimodal intervention was implemented with staff education and training, system change, hospital reminders, direct observation and feedback, and hospital safety climate...
2020: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141833/assessing-the-use-of-cell-phones-to-monitor-health-and-nutrition-interventions-evidence-from-rural-guatemala
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francisco Ceballos, Manuel Alejandro Hernandez, Francisco Olivet, Cynthia Paz
In-person (face-to-face) data collection methods offer many advantages but can also be time-consuming and expensive, particularly in areas of difficult access. We take advantage of the increasing mobile phone penetration rate in rural areas to evaluate the feasibility of using cell phones to monitor the provision of key health and nutrition interventions linked to the first 1,000 days of life, a critical period of growth and development. We examine response rates to calendarized text messages (SMS) and phone calls sent to 1,542 households over a period of four months...
2020: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141776/normative-study-of-the-binaural-interaction-component-of-the-human-auditory-brainstem-response-as-a-function-of-interaural-time-differences
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carol A Sammeth, Nathaniel T Greene, Andrew D Brown, Tollin J Daniel
OBJECTIVES: The binaural interaction component (BIC) of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) is obtained by subtracting the sum of the monaural right and left ear ABRs from the binaurally evoked ABR. The result is a small but prominent negative peak (herein called "DN1"), indicating a smaller binaural than summed ABR, which occurs around the latency of wave V or its roll-off slope. The BIC has been proposed to have diagnostic value as a biomarker of binaural processing abilities; however, there have been conflicting reports regarding the reliability of BIC measures in human subjects...
October 30, 2020: Ear and Hearing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141330/minipdx-guided-postoperative-anticancer-treatment-can-effectively-prolong-the-survival-of-patients-with-hepatocellular-carcinoma
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Long Yang, Zheyue Yuan, Yamin Zhang, Zilin Cui, Yang Li, Jiancun Hou, Xiaolong Liu, Zirong Liu, Rui Shi, Qing Tian, Jian Wang, Lianjiang Wang
BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after partial hepatectomy is still high. How to choose the most appropriate anti-tumor drug in the early postoperative period is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients. Recently, MiniPDX has been widely used as a new and reliable preclinical research model capable of predicting the sensitivities of anti-tumor drugs. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with HCC were selected to use the MiniPDX model to screen the most sensitive anti-tumor drugs from five groups of drug regimens for preventive treatment after partial hepatectomy, and another 42 patients with HCC were selected to be treated with Sorafenib during the same period as the control group...
January 2021: Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141132/affinity-free-enrichment-and-mass-spectrometry-analysis-of-the-ovarian-cancer-biomarker-ca125-muc16-from-patient-derived-ascites
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naviya Schuster-Little, Roberta Fritz-Klaus, Mark Etzel, Niharika Patankar, Saahil Javeri, Manish S Patankar, Rebecca J Whelan
Developing a mass spectrometry-based assay for the ovarian cancer biomarker CA125 (MUC16) is a desirable goal, because it may enable detection of molecular regions that are not recognized by antibodies and are therefore analytically silent in the current immunoassay. Additionally, the ability to characterize the CA125 proteoforms expressed by individuals may offer clinical insight. Enrichment of CA125 from malignant ascites may provide a high-quality source of this important ovarian cancer biomarker, but a reliable strategy for such enrichment is currently lacking...
January 4, 2021: Analyst
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141074/establishment-of-an-experimental-rat-model-of-high-altitude-cerebral-edema-by-hypobaric-hypoxia-combined-with-temperature-fluctuation
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linlin Jing, Ningzi Wu, Lei He, Jin Shao, Huiping Ma
High altitude cerebral edema (HACE) is a kind of life threat disease encountered at high altitude, but the precise pathogenesis of it is far more understood. Hypobaic hypoxia (HH) and cold are conditions characteristic of high altitude environment. HH is always considered as the central causative factor for the development of HACE, but the effect of cold stress on HACE has been rarely investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of cold stress in the development of HACE and establish a stable experimental animal model...
December 2020: Brain Research Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141036/diffusion-coefficient-orientation-distribution-function-for-diffusion-magnetic-resonance-imaging
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diwei Shi, Ziyi Pan, Xuesong Li, Hua Guo, Quanshui Zheng
BACKGROUND: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a popular non-invasive imaging technique applied for the study of nerve fibers in vivo, with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) as the commonly used dMRI methods. However, DTI cannot resolve complex fiber orientations in a local area and HARDI lacks a solid physical basis. NEW METHOD: We introduce a diffusion coefficient orientation distribution function (DCODF)...
October 23, 2020: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141034/quantification-of-microdialysis-related-variability-in-humans-clinical-trial-design-recommendations
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Busse, Philipp Simon, Robin Michelet, Lisa Ehmann, Frank Mehner, Christoph Dorn, Alexander Kratzer, Wilhelm Huisinga, Hermann Wrigge, David Petroff, Charlotte Kloft
OBJECTIVE: Target-site concentrations obtained via the catheter-based minimally invasive microdialysis technique often exhibit high variability. Catheter calibration is commonly performed via retrodialysis, in which a transformation factor, termed relative recovery (RR), is determined. Leveraging RR values from a rich data set of a very large clinical microdialysis study, promised to contribute critical insight into the origin of the reportedly high target-site variability. The present work aimed (i) to quantify and explain variability in RR associated with the patient (including non-obese vs...
February 1, 2021: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33141009/evaluation-of-genecube-mycoplasma-for-the-detection-of-macrolide-resistant-mycoplasma-pneumoniae
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshitomo Morinaga, Hiromichi Suzuki, Shigeyuki Notake, Takashi Mizusaka, Keiichi Uemura, Shinobu Otomo, Yuka Oi, Akihito Ushiki, Naoki Kawabata, Kazuaki Kameyama, Eri Morishita, Yoshiko Uekura, Akio Sugiyama, Yosuke Kawashima, Katsunori Yanagihara
Introduction. Resistance against macrolide antibiotics in Mycoplasma pneumoniae is becoming non-negligible in terms of both appropriate therapy and diagnostic stewardship. Molecular methods have attractive features for the identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as its resistance-associated mutations of 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Hypothesis/Gap Statement. The automated molecular diagnostic sytem can identify macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae . Aim. To assess the performance of an automated molecular diagnostic system, GENECUBE Mycoplasma, in the detection of macrolide resistance-associated mutations...
November 3, 2020: Journal of Medical Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140693/improving-data-acquisition-speed-and-accuracy-in-sport-using-neural-networks
#15
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Christopher Papic, Ross H Sanders, Roozbeh Naemi, Marc Elipot, Jordan Andersen
Video analysis is used in sport to derive kinematic variables of interest but often relies on time-consuming tracking operations. The purpose of this study was to determine speed, accuracy and reliability of 2D body landmark digitisation by a neural network (NN), compared with manual digitisation, for the glide phase in swimming. Glide variables including glide factor; instantaneous hip angles, trunk inclines and horizontal velocities were selected as they influence performance and are susceptible to digitisation propagation error...
March 2021: Journal of Sports Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140572/dna-walking-and-rolling-nanomachine-for-electrochemical-detection-of-mirna
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peng Miao, Yuguo Tang
miRNAs, a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs, are involved in many crucial biological processes, which have emerged as a new set of biomarkers for disease theranostics. Exploring efficient signal amplification strategy is highly desired to pursue a highly sensitive miRNA biosensing platform. DNA nanotechnology shows great promise in the fabrication of amplified miRNA biosensors. In this work, a novel DNA walking and rolling nanomachine is developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of miRNA. Particularly, this approach programs two forms of dynamic DNA nanomachines powered by corresponding enzymes, which are well integrated...
November 2020: Small
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140530/investigating-the-regional-effect-of-the-chemical-shift-displacement-artefact-on-the-j-modulated-lactate-signal-at-ultra-high-field
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolina C Fernandes, Bernard Lanz, Chen Chen, Peter G Morris, Carlos G Salmon
The present work aims to show the applicability of an analytical model for the optimisation of the STEAM sequence timing parameters for lactate detection at ultra high-field. The effects of the chemical shift displacement artefact on the J-modulated signal for a weakly-coupled spin system were considered in the three applied directions of field gradients and the product operator formalism was used to obtain expressions for the signal modulation in each compartment of the excited volume. The validity of this model was demonstrated experimentally at 7 T in a phantom and acquisitions with optimised parameters were performed on a healthy volunteer...
February 2021: NMR in Biomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140503/evaluating-the-cytometric-detection-and-enumeration-of-the-wine-bacterium-oenococcus-oeni
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Louise Bartle, James G Mitchell, James S Paterson
Flow cytometry is a high-throughput tool for determining microbial abundance in a range of medical, environmental, and food-related samples. For wine, determining the abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well-defined and reliable. However, for the most common wine bacterium, Oenococcus oeni, using flow cytometry to determine cell concentration poses some challenges. O. oeni most often occurs in doublets or chains of varying lengths that can be greater than seven cells. This wine bacterium is also small, at 0...
April 2021: Cytometry. Part A: the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140377/psychometric-properties-of-the-fear-of-food-measure-in-japanese-women
#19
MULTICENTER STUDY
Maiko Hiraide, Takeshi Horie, Shu Takakura, Tomokazu Hata, Nobuyuki Sudo, Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the fear of food measure (FOFM) in Japanese women. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional, observational, and multicenter study conducted at the University of Tokyo and Kyushu University. Participants were comprised of 169 healthy women and 149 patients with eating disorders. First, the present study explored the factor structure of FOFM in Japanese women using exploratory factor analyses...
October 2021: Eating and Weight Disorders: EWD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33140055/a-cell-free-antibody-engineering-platform-rapidly-generates-sars-cov-2-neutralizing-antibodies
#20
Xun Chen, Matteo Gentili, Nir Hacohen, Aviv Regev
Antibody engineering technologies face increasing demands for speed, reliability and scale. We developed CeVICA, a cell-free antibody engineering platform that integrates a novel generation method and design for camelid heavy-chain antibody VHH domain-based synthetic libraries, optimized in vitro selection based on ribosome display and a computational pipeline for binder prediction based on CDR-directed clustering. We applied CeVICA to engineer antibodies against the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and identified >800 predicted binder families...
October 30, 2020: bioRxiv
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