keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482020/immunogenicity-of-chimeric-hemagglutinins-delivered-by-an-orf-virus-vector-platform-against-swine-influenza-virus
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriela Mansano do Nascimento, Pablo Sebastian Britto de Oliveira, Salman Latif Butt, Diego G Diel
Orf virus (ORFV) is a large DNA virus that can harbor and efficiently deliver viral antigens in swine. Here we used ORFV as a vector platform to deliver chimeric hemagglutinins (HA) of Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S). Vaccine development against IAV-S faces limitations posed by strain-specific immunity and the antigenic diversity of the IAV-S strains circulating in the field. A promising alternative aiming at re-directing immune responses on conserved epitopes of the stalk segment of the hemagglutinin (HA2) has recently emerged...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478379/divergent-pathogenesis-and-transmission-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-in-swine
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bailey Arruda, Amy L Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2...
April 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476866/swine-influenza-a-virus-infection-dynamics-and-evolution-in-intensive-pig-production-systems
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Lagan, Michael Hamil, Susan Cull, Anthony Hanrahan, Rosanna M Wregor, Ken Lemon
Swine influenza A virus (swIAV) is one of the main viral pathogens responsible for respiratory disease in farmed pigs. While outbreaks are often epidemic in nature, increasing reports suggest that continuous, endemic infection of herds is now common. The move towards larger herd sizes and increased intensification in the commercial pig industry may promote endemic infection; however, the impact that intensification has on swIAV infection dynamics and evolution is unclear. We carried out a longitudinal surveillance study for over 18 months on two enzootically infected, intensive, indoor, and multi-site pig production flows...
2024: Virus Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450664/-viral-co-infections-targeting-the-porcine-respiratory-system-consequences-and-limits-of-the-experimental-systems
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
François Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu, Fanny Renois
Coinfections affecting the porcine respiratory system have often been overlooked, in favor of mono-infections, even though they are significantly more common in the field. In pigs, the term 'porcine respiratory complex' is used to describe coinfections involving both viruses, such as, for example, the swine influenza type A virus (swIAV), the porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), and the porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2), as well as bacteria. Until recently, most studies were primarily focused on clinical aspects and paid little attention to the molecular consequences of coinfections...
February 1, 2024: Virologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446039/novel-influenza-a-viruses-in-pigs-with-zoonotic-potential-chile
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rodrigo Tapia, Bárbara Brito, Marco Saavedra, Juan Mena, Tamara García-Salum, Raveen Rathnasinghe, Gonzalo Barriga, Karla Tapia, Victoria García, Sergio Bucarey, Yunho Jang, David Wentworth, Montserrat Torremorell, Víctor Neira, Rafael A Medina
Novel H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) have recently been identified in Chile. The objective of this study was to evaluate their zoonotic potential. We perform phylogenetic analyses to determine the genetic origin and evolution of these viruses, and a serological analysis to determine the level of cross-protective antibodies in the human population. Eight genotypes were identified, all with pandemic H1N1 2009-like internal genes. H1N1 and H1N2 were the subtypes more commonly detected. Swine H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs had hemagglutinin and neuraminidase lineages genetically divergent from IAVs reported worldwide, including human vaccine strains...
March 6, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423254/transmission-restriction-and-genomic-evolution-co-shape-the-genetic-diversity-patterns-of-influenza-a-virus
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiao Ding, Jingze Liu, Taijiao Jiang, Aiping Wu
Influenza A virus (IAV) shows an extensive host range and rapid genomic variations, leading to continuous emergence of novel viruses with significant antigenic variations and the potential for cross-species transmission. This causes global pandemics and seasonal flu outbreaks, posing sustained threats worldwide. Thus, studying all IAVs' evolutionary patterns and underlying mechanisms is crucial for effective prevention and control. We developed FluTyping to identify IAV genotypes, to explore overall genetic diversity patterns and their restriction factors...
February 27, 2024: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384961/rapid-detection-of-high-consequence-and-emerging-viral-pathogens-in-pigs
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison C Neujahr, Duan S Loy, John Dustin Loy, Bruce W Brodersen, Samodha C Fernando
INTRODUCTION: An increasing emergence of novel animal pathogens has been observed over the last decade. Viruses are a major contributor to the increased emergence and therefore, veterinary surveillance and testing procedures are greatly needed to rapidly and accurately detect high-consequence animal diseases such as Foot and Mouth Disease, Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, Classical Swine Fever, and African Swine Fever. The major detection methods for such diseases include real-time PCR assays and pathogen-specific antibodies among others...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379412/quantifying-the-relationship-between-within-host-dynamics-and-transmission-for-viral-diseases-of-livestock
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon Gubbins
Understanding the population dynamics of an infectious disease requires linking within-host dynamics and between-host transmission in a quantitative manner, but this is seldom done in practice. Here a simple phenomenological model for viral dynamics within a host is linked to between-host transmission by assuming that the probability of transmission is related to log viral titre. Data from transmission experiments for two viral diseases of livestock, foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and swine influenza virus in pigs, are used to parametrize the model and, importantly, test the underlying assumptions...
February 2024: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38377132/amino-acid-138-in-the-ha-of-a-h3n2-subtype-influenza-a-virus-increases-affinity-for-the-lower-respiratory-tract-and-alveolar-macrophages-in-pigs
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matias Cardenas, Brittany Seibert, Brianna Cowan, Ana Luiza S Fraiha, Silvia Carnaccini, L Claire Gay, Flavio Cargnin Faccin, C Joaquin Caceres, Tavis K Anderson, Amy L Vincent Baker, Daniel R Perez, Daniela S Rajao
Influenza A virus (FLUAV) infects a wide range of hosts and human-to-swine spillover events are frequently reported. However, only a few of these human viruses have become established in pigs and the host barriers and molecular mechanisms driving adaptation to the swine host remain poorly understood. We previously found that infection of pigs with a 2:6 reassortant virus (hVIC/11) containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from the human strain A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) and internal gene segments of an endemic swine strain (sOH/04) resulted in a fixed amino acid substitution in the HA (A138S, mature H3 HA numbering)...
February 20, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38376830/genetic-analysis-of-influenza-a-viruses-of-swine-from-commercial-farms-in-serbia
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jelena Maksimović Zorić, Vesna Milićević, Ljubiša Veljović, Vladimir Radosavljević, Branislav Kureljušić, Ognjen Stevančević, Chiara Chiapponi
Swine influenza presents a very important health and economic issue in pig productions worldwide. Viruses that cause the disease are genetically very diverse but usually belong to the H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtype of influenza A viruses. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the full genome of viruses detected in swine from seven commercial farms. Through the analysis of the complete sequences of internal gene cassette together with previously characterized HA and NA genes we found three different genotypes amongst five completely sequenced viruses...
July 31, 2023: Veterinaria Italiana
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38353535/nucleoprotein-reassortment-enhanced-transmissibility-of-h3-1990-4-a-clade-influenza-a-virus-in-swine
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Megan N Thomas, Giovana Ciacci Zanella, Brianna Cowan, C Joaquin Caceres, Daniela S Rajao, Daniel R Perez, Phillip C Gauger, Amy L Vincent Baker, Tavis K Anderson
The increased detection of H3 C-IVA (1990.4.a) clade influenza A viruses (IAVs) in US swine in 2019 was associated with a reassortment event to acquire an H1N1pdm09 lineage nucleoprotein (pdmNP) gene, replacing a TRIG lineage NP (trigNP). We hypothesized that acquiring the pdmNP conferred a selective advantage over prior circulating H3 viruses with a trigNP. To investigate the role of NP reassortment in transmission, we identified two contemporary 1990.4.a representative strains (NC/19 and MN/18) with different evolutionary origins of the NP gene...
February 14, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346538/the-evolution-pathogenicity-and-transmissibility-of-quadruple-reassortant-h1n2-swine-influenza-virus-in-china-a-potential-threat-to-public-health
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinxin Cui, Jinhuan Ma, Zifeng Pang, Lingzhi Chi, Cuishan Mai, Hanlin Liu, Ming Liao, Hailiang Sun
Swine are regarded as "intermediate hosts" or "mixing vessels" of influenza viruses, capable of generating strains with pandemic potential. From 2020 to 2021, we conducted surveillance on swine H1N2 influenza (swH1N2) viruses in swine farms located in Guangdong, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces in southern China, as well as Henan and Shandong provinces in northern China. We systematically analyzed the evolution and pathogenicity of swH1N2 viruses, and characterized their replication and transmission abilities...
February 10, 2024: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38330852/isolation-and-characterization-of-genotype-4-eurasian-avian-like-h1n1-influenza-virus-in-pigs-suffering-from-pneumonia
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jizhe Yang, Riguo Lan, Haoyu Chang, Han Li, Haili Yu, Qi Tong, Jinhua Liu, Honglei Sun
Swine influenza viruses pose ongoing threat to pork industry throughout the world. In 2023, fattening pigs from a swine farm in Inner Mongolia of China experienced influenza-like symptoms. Co-infection of influenza A virus with Pasteurella multocida was diagnosed in lung tissues of diseased pigs and a genotype 4 (G4) Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus was isolated, which was named as A/swine/Neimenggu/0326/2023. We demonstrated the virus preferentially bound human-like SAα2,6Gal receptor. It was noteworthy that the virus possessed multiple genetic markers for mammalian adaptation in the internal genes...
February 2, 2024: Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301448/a-neonatal-piglet-model-reveals-interactions-between-nasal-microbiota-and-influenza-a-virus-pathogenesis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fangfeng Yuan, Lufan Yang, Shih-Hsuan Hsiao, Nicole L Herndon, Christopher A Gaulke, Ying Fang
While vaccination and therapeutics for prevention/treatment of influenza are available, new strategies are needed to combat influenza disease in susceptible populations, particularly young children and newborns. Host associated microbiota play an important role in modulating the virulence of numerous pathogens, including the influenza A virus. In this study, we examined microbiome-influenza interactions in a neonatal piglet model system. The nasal microbiome of newborn piglets was longitudinally sampled before and after intranasal infection with recombinant viruses expressing hemagglutinins (HAs) derived from distinct zoonotic H1 subtypes...
January 20, 2024: Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38299860/swine-influenza-a-virus-isolates-containing-the-pandemic-h1n1-origin-matrix-gene-elicit-greater-disease-in-the-murine-model
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shelly J Curran, Emily F Griffin, Lucas M Ferreri, Constantinos S Kyriakis, Elizabeth W Howerth, Daniel R Perez, S Mark Tompkins
Since the 1990s, endemic North American swine influenza A viruses (swFLUAVs) contained an internal gene segment constellation, the triple reassortment internal gene (TRIG) cassette. In 2009, the H1N1 pandemic (pdmH1N1) virus spilled back into swine but did not become endemic. However, the pdmH1N1 contributed the matrix gene (pdmM) to the swFLUAVs circulating in the pig population, which replaced the classical swine matrix gene (swM) found in the TRIG cassette, suggesting the pdmM has a fitness benefit. Others have shown that swFLUAVs containing the pdmM have greater transmission efficiency compared to viruses containing the swM gene segment...
February 1, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38286065/characteristics-of-two-zoonotic-swine-influenza-a-h1n1-viruses-isolated-in-germany-from-diseased-patients
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alla Heider, Marianne Wedde, Viola Weinheimer, Stephanie Döllinger, Masyar Monazahian, Ralf Dürrwald, Thorsten Wolff, Brunhilde Schweiger
Interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (IAV) from pigs to humans is a concerning event as porcine IAV represent a reservoir of potentially pandemic IAV. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two porcine A(H1N1)v viruses isolated from human cases by evaluating their genetic, antigenic and virological characteristics. The HA genes of those human isolates belonged to clades 1C.2.1 and 1C.2.2, respectively, of the A(H1N1) Eurasian avian-like swine influenza lineage. Antigenic profiling revealed substantial cross-reactivity between the two zoonotic H1N1 viruses and human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and some swine viruses, but did not reveal cross-reactivity to H1N2 and earlier human seasonal A(H1N1) viruses...
January 24, 2024: International Journal of Medical Microbiology: IJMM
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38251392/presence-and-characterisation-of-porcine-respirovirus-1-prv1-in-northern-italy
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enrica Sozzi, Gabriele Leo, Cristina Bertasio, Giovanni Loris Alborali, Cristian Salogni, Matteo Tonni, Nicoletta Formenti, Davide Lelli, Ana Moreno, Tiziana Trogu, Sabrina Canziani, Clara Tolini, Monica Pierangela Cerioli, Antonio Lavazza
Porcine Respirovirus 1 (PRV1) is an enveloped, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Respirovirus within the Paramyxoviridae family. Since its first detection in China in 2013, PRV1 has been identified in several American and European countries. Although its pathogenicity is uncertain, recent studies have suggested that it may play a role in the Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) because of its capacity to replicate in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. This study aimed to determine the spread of PRV1 in Northern Italy and the phylogeny of the isolates...
January 18, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38251326/generation-of-a-porcine-cell-line-stably-expressing-pig-tmprss2-for-efficient-isolation-of-swine-influenza-virus
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuri L Tanaka, Maya Shofa, Erika P Butlertanaka, Ahmad Massoud Niazi, Takuya Hirai, Hirohisa Mekata, Akatsuki Saito
Pigs are important animals for meat production but can carry several zoonotic diseases, including the Japanese encephalitis virus, Nipah virus, and influenza viruses. Several Orthomyxoviridae and Coronavirinae respiratory viruses require cleavage of envelope proteins to acquire viral infectivity and consequently, need a host protease or the addition of exogenous trypsin for efficient propagation. Host TMPRSS2 is a key protease responsible for viral cleavage. Stable expression of human TMPRSS2 in African green monkey-derived Vero cells can enhance the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus...
December 24, 2023: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38240592/exploring-associations-between-viral-titer-measurements-and-disease-outcomes-in-ferrets-inoculated-with-125-contemporary-influenza-a-viruses
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Troy J Kieran, Xiangjie Sun, Taronna R Maines, Catherine A A Beauchemin, Jessica A Belser
As use of the ferret model to study influenza A virus (IAV) pathogenicity increases, periodic assessment of data generated in this model is warranted, to identify features associated with virus replication throughout the respiratory tract and to refine future analyses. However, protocol-specific differences present between independent laboratories limit easy aggregation of virological data. We compiled viral titer and clinical data from >1,000 ferrets inoculated with 125 contemporary IAV under a consistent experimental protocol (including high- and low-pathogenicity avian, swine-origin, and human viruses, spanning H1, H2, H3, H5, H7, and H9 subtypes) and examined which meaningful and statistically supported associations were present among numerous quantitative measurements...
January 19, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38240057/a-case-of-swine-influenza-a-h1n2-v-in-england-november-2023
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jade Cogdale, Beatrix Kele, Richard Myers, Ruth Harvey, Abi Lofts, Tanya Mikaiel, Katja Hoschler, Ashley C Banyard, Joe James, Benjamin C Mollett, Alexander Mp Byrne, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Conall H Watson, Meera Chand, William Welfare, Deborah A Williamson, Isabel Oliver, Simon Padfield, Andrew Lee, Suzanne Calvert, Martin A Bewley, Louise Wallace, Simon deLusignan, Nicola S Lewis, Ian H Brown, Maria Zambon
Under International Health Regulations from 2005, a human infection caused by a novel influenza A virus variant is considered an event that has potential for high public health impact and is immediately notifiable to the World Health Organisation. We here describe the clinical, epidemiological and virological features of a confirmed human case of swine influenza A(H1N2)v in England detected through community respiratory virus surveillance. Swabbing and contact tracing helped refine public health risk assessment, following this unusual and unexpected finding...
January 2024: Euro Surveillance
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