keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35817482/unusual-complication-of-herpes-simplex-encephalitis-complete-kl%C3%A3-ver-bucy-syndrome
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa Hernandez-Vega, Sandra Badial-Ochoa, Francisco Javier Rivas-Ruvalcaba, Ildefonso Rodriguez-Leyva
Klüver-Bucy syndrome is a rare neurobehavioral disorder caused by a bilateral temporal lobe lesion affecting the hippocampus and amygdala; clinically characterised by hyperorality, hypermetamorphosis, placidity, altered sexual behaviour, eating, disorders and visual impairment, agnosia and amnesia. However, the complete syndrome is rarely seen, and diagnosis does not require all the symptoms to be manifested simultaneously.We describe a patient who developed a complete Klüver-Bucy syndrome secondary to bilateral temporal involvement due to herpetic encephalitis...
July 11, 2022: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35809100/cytotoxic-lesions-of-the-corpus-callosum-after-covid-19-vaccination
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroya Ohara, Hironori Shimizu, Takehito Kasamatsu, Akihiro Kajita, Kenji Uno, Khin Wee Lai, Balachandar Vellingiri, Kazuma Sugie, Masako Kinoshita
A 23-year-old previously healthy man (Patient 1) and a 33-year-old woman with a past history of depression (Patient 2) developed neurological symptoms approximately 1 week after receipt of the first COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and deteriorated over the next week. Patient 1 reported nausea, headache, a high fever, and retrograde amnesia. Patient 2 reported visual disturbance, headache, dysarthria, a left forearm tremor, dysesthesia of the mouth and distal limbs, and visual agnosia. PCR test results for SARS-CoV-2 were negative...
July 9, 2022: Neuroradiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35639011/clinical-screening-for-posterior-cortical-atrophy
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario F Mendez, Youssef I Khattab, Oleg Yerstein
BACKGROUND: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a progressive neurologic syndrome that presents with complex visual deficits. Although PCA is most commonly a form of Alzheimer disease (AD), its early diagnosis is usually delayed due to a lack of understanding for how best to clinically screen for the syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To identify neurobehavioral screening tasks for PCA-beyond simple visual constructions-that can be administered in clinic or at bedside. METHOD: We compared the performance of 12 individuals who met neuroimaging-supported consensus criteria for PCA with that of 12 matched individuals with typical AD (tAD) and 24 healthy controls (HC) on clinic/bedside tasks measuring (a) complex figure copying, (b) Balint syndrome, (c) visual object agnosia, (d) color identification, (e) figure-ground discrimination, (f) global-local processing, (g) dressing apraxia, (h) ideomotor apraxia, and (i) Gerstmann syndrome...
June 1, 2022: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology: Official Journal of the Society for Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35448011/aftereffects-to-prism-exposure-without-adaptation-a-single-case-study
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Federica Albini, Alberto Pisoni, Anna Salvatore, Elena Calzolari, Carlotta Casati, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Andrea Falini, Sofia Allegra Crespi, Claudia Godi, Antonella Castellano, Nadia Bolognini, Giuseppe Vallar
Visuo-motor adaptation to optical prisms ( Prism Adaptation, PA), displacing the visual scene laterally, is a behavioral method used for the experimental investigation of visuomotor plasticity, and, in clinical settings, for temporarily ameliorating and rehabilitating unilateral spatial neglect. This study investigated the building up of PA, and the presence of the typically occurring subsequent Aftereffects (AEs) in a brain-damaged patient (TMA), suffering from apperceptive agnosia and a right visual half-field defect, with bilateral atrophy of the parieto-occipital cortices, regions involved in PA and AEs...
April 5, 2022: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35342058/disorders-of-higher-visual-processing-in-patients-with-acquired-brain-injury
#25
REVIEW
Ryan Johnson
BACKGROUND: Disorders of higher visual processing often impact patients with acquired brain injury. Even with treatment, these vision conditions can cause chronic challenges for patients. Understanding these conditions and their management can help improve functional independence and quality of life. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the various disorders of higher visual processing that result from acquired brain injury. Discussion to include classification, evaluation, and treatment techniques available to clinicians...
March 24, 2022: NeuroRehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35113443/evaluation-of-cognitive-deficits-in-patients-infected-with-covid-19
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B S Arica-Polat, A A Gündoğdu, N Cinar, G Uncu, Z O Ayas, P Iseri, O Karadas, D O Adapinar
OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 infection can cause impairments in many cognitive areas. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive functions of patients who had been infected with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The demographic and infection-related characteristics of patients who had been infected with COVID-19 were determined. Their cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) findings were recorded. The Mini-Mental State Evaluation (MMSE), clock drawing test, forward and backward digit span tests, visual memory test, and Frontal Assessment Battery were applied to the patients...
January 2022: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35108817/de-novo-psen1-mutation-pro436gln-in-a-very-early-onset-posterior-variant-of-alzheimer-s-disease-is-associated-with-pyramidal-signs
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo Agüero, Jorge Hernández-Alfonso, María José Sainz, Guillermo García-Ribas, Raquel Téllez, Isabel Lorda-Sánchez, Patricia Paredes-Rodríguez, Almudena Ávila-Fernández, Estrella Gomez-Tortosa
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common cause of dementia even in cases with very early onset, and implication of monogenic mutations in the PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP genes must be considered. Strong family history is the rule in autosomal dominant AD associated with mutations in these genes but, in rare cases, de novo mutations can occur. METHOD: Case report of a sporadic AD case with onset in his twenties carrying the Pro436Gln mutation (exon 12, TM-9 region) in PSEN1...
December 2021: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35051711/false-recognition-misidentification-of-unfamiliar-person-after-cerebral-infarction-a-case-report
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yumiko Sugahara, Chiaki Iizuka, Kazuya Doi, Kenichiro Matsuzaki, Masanori Nagaoka
An 84-year-old man manifested false recognition/misidentification of unfamiliar person after cardiogenic cerebral infarction. He had good visual and hearing acuity, no hemianopsia, unilateral spatial neglect and visual object agnosia. However, he was unable to remember faces of his rehabilitation therapists, and repeatedly misidentified other patients' visitors and therapists as his family members and friends, without recognizing his mistakes. General cognitive function was preserved with Hasegawa dementia score-revised (HDS-R) 25/30 (cut-off score 20)...
February 2022: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34942954/from-action-to-cognition-neural-reuse-network-theory-and-the-emergence-of-higher-cognitive-functions
#29
REVIEW
Radek Ptak, Naz Doganci, Alexia Bourgeois
The aim of this article is to discuss the logic and assumptions behind the concept of neural reuse, to explore its biological advantages and to discuss the implications for the cognition of a brain that reuses existing circuits and resources. We first address the requirements that must be fulfilled for neural reuse to be a biologically plausible mechanism. Neural reuse theories generally take a developmental approach and model the brain as a dynamic system composed of highly flexible neural networks. They often argue against domain-specificity and for a distributed, embodied representation of knowledge, which sets them apart from modular theories of mental processes...
December 17, 2021: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34867256/modeling-neurodegeneration-in-silico-with-deep-learning
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anup Tuladhar, Jasmine A Moore, Zahinoor Ismail, Nils D Forkert
Deep neural networks, inspired by information processing in the brain, can achieve human-like performance for various tasks. However, research efforts to use these networks as models of the brain have primarily focused on modeling healthy brain function so far. In this work, we propose a paradigm for modeling neural diseases in silico with deep learning and demonstrate its use in modeling posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), an atypical form of Alzheimer's disease affecting the visual cortex. We simulated PCA in deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained for visual object recognition by randomly injuring connections between artificial neurons...
2021: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34805993/posterior-cortical-atrophy-phenotypic-heterogeneity-revealed-by-decoding-18-f-fdg-pet
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryan A Townley, Hugo Botha, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Jennifer Whitwell, Bradley F Boeve, Mary M Machulda, Julie A Fields, Daniel A Drubach, Rodolfo Savica, Ronald C Petersen, Matthew L Senjem, David S Knopman, Val J Lowe, Clifford R Jack, Keith A Josephs, David T Jones
Posterior cortical atrophy is a neurodegenerative syndrome with a heterogeneous clinical presentation due to variable involvement of the left, right, dorsal and ventral parts of the visual system, as well as inconsistent involvement of other cognitive domains and systems. 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET is a sensitive marker for regional brain damage or dysfunction, capable of capturing the pattern of neurodegeneration at the single-participant level. We aimed to leverage these inter-individual differences on FDG-PET imaging to better understand the associations of heterogeneity of posterior cortical atrophy...
2021: Brain communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34787788/brain-structural-and-functional-anomalies-associated-with-simultanagnosia-in-patients-with-posterior-cortical-atrophy
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Cui, Yang Liu, Caishui Yang, Chunlei Cui, Donglai Jing, Xuxiang Zhang, Yaojing Chen, Bingkun Li, Zhigang Liang, Kewei Chen, Zhanjun Zhang, Liyong Wu
Simultanagnosia is a common symptom of posterior cortical atrophy, and its association with brain structural and functional changes remains unclear. In our study, 18 posterior cortical atrophy patients with simultanagnosia, 29 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 20 cognitively normal controls were recruited and subjected to full neuropsychological evaluation, including simultanagnosia tests, and structural and resting-state functional MRI. The gray matter volume was assessed by voxel-based morphometry, while the intrinsic functional connectivity was evaluated using the reduced gray matter volume regions of interest as the seed...
June 2022: Brain Imaging and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34633963/-the-tortoni-effect-in-prosopagnosia
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Leandro M Kim, Guido Dorman, Laura Ottone, Carlos Gutiérrez, María Rosa Núñez, María Isabel Rosa, Osvaldo Genovese
Proposapnosia is a type of visual agnosia characterized by the inability to recognize people's faces. There are basically two variants, apperceptive and associative. The "Tortoni effect" is a phenomenon described by Bekinschtein et al a few years ago in waiters from Buenos Aires, who used this tool to remember the orders of each member of a table. We present a case of prosopagnosia associated with bilateral temporo-occipital injury secondary to head trauma, initially manifested by the lack of face recognition with the use of an associative strategy similar to that described in the "Tortoni effect" as compensation, in a 62-year-old female who suffered a severe head injury...
2021: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34586544/the-ties-that-bind-agnosia-neglect-and-selective-attention-to-visual-scale
#34
REVIEW
Robert L Whitwell, Christopher L Striemer, Jonathan S Cant, James T Enns
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Historical and contemporary treatments of visual agnosia and neglect regard these disorders as largely unrelated. It is thought that damage to different neural processes leads directly to one or the other condition, yet apperceptive variants of agnosia and object-centered variants of neglect share remarkably similar deficits in the quality of conscious experience. Here we argue for a closer association between "apperceptive" variants of visual agnosia and "object-centered" variants of visual neglect...
September 29, 2021: Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34487736/visual-features-drive-the-category-specific-impairments-on-categorization-tasks-in-a-patient-with-object-agnosia
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noor Seijdel, H Steven Scholte, Edward H F de Haan
Object and scene recognition both require mapping of incoming sensory information to existing conceptual knowledge about the world. A notable finding in brain-damaged patients is that they may show differentially impaired performance for specific categories, such as for "living exemplars". While numerous patients with category-specific impairments have been reported, the explanations for these deficits remain controversial. In the current study, we investigate the ability of a brain injured patient with a well-established category-specific impairment of semantic memory to perform two categorization experiments: 'natural' vs...
October 15, 2021: Neuropsychologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34377704/kluver-bucy-syndrome-a-rare-complication-of-herpes-simplex-encephalitis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raquel Costa, Joana Fontes, Tiago Mendes, Marta Pereira, Carlos Gonçalves
UNLABELLED: Kluver-Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a characterized by a group of cognitive dysfunctions that include hypersexuality, placidity, hyperorality, memory deficits and hypermetamorphosis. This syndrome is often seen in pathological states that destroy the temporal lobes, normally bilaterally. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is one of the causes of KBS, as the herpes virus can cause dysfunction/destruction of the temporal lobes. KBS is a very rare syndrome, with just a few cases described in the literature...
2021: European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34376282/definition-visual-object-agnosia
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Radek Ptak
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 24, 2021: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34304513/-mitochondrial-encephalomyopathy-involves-ophthalmology-otorhinolaryngology-neurology-and-their-clinical-features
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haishan Long, Lihui Huang, Jiawei Wang, Yang Li, Xinxing Fu, Cheng Wen
Objective: This study aimed to provide better understanding of the otolaryngologic features, combined with ophthalmologic and neurologic characteristics in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy(MEM), and to help ENT and auditory practitioner making correct diagnosis as well. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with MEM were enrolled between September 2001 and January 2020. Information about family histories and clinical symptoms was retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent otorhinolaryngological, ophthalmological and neurological examinations, including: pure-tone audiometry, acoustic immittance(AI), distortion-product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE), auditory brainstem response(ABR), cochlear micropotential(CM), speech discrimination score(SDS), electroneurography(ENoG), computed tomography(CT) of the temporal bone and cranial magnetic resonance weighted imaging scan(MRI), muscle biopsy and mtDNA gene testing...
June 2021: Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34258574/acquired-visual-agnosia-as-an-uncommon-presentation-of-epileptic-encephalopathy-in-a-6-year-old-boy-with-csws
#39
Loretta van Iterson, Suzanne Vrij, Lilian T L Sie, Paul B Augustijn, Anne C S Rooze, Floor E Jansen
BACKGROUND: Acquired visual agnosia in the context of continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS) is rarely described. We present a case of an almost 7-year-old boy who lost his ability to name pictures and recognize familiar faces. Initial encephalography (EEG) revealed sleep induced epileptiform activity with a spike-wave index (SWI) of 100%, predominanting in the left posterior head region. METHODS: Serial neuropsychological testing with concomitant EEG was done during the first 18 months of treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone...
2021: Epilepsy & behavior reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34001836/an-unusual-case-of-post-traumatic-visual-agnosia-posing-challenges-to-rehabilitation
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prince Thakkar, Suhany Baby Thampi, Stephy Keziah, Saraswathi Ramanathan
Acquired focal visuo-perceptual deficits are rarely reported and rehabilitation strategies are not well established. This is a report on visuo-perceptual deficit following traumatic brain injury that initially went unnoticed. Missing visual agnosia is not unusual especially when perceptual deficits present with visual field defects, impaired insight, and inattention. This case is made more interesting due the rarity of visual agnosia with predominant ventral pathway involvement, affecting object and face recognition...
May 17, 2021: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
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