Neoadjuvent

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant systemic anticancer therapy (neoSACT) is increasingly used in the treatment of early breast cancer. Response to therapy is prognostic and allows locoregional and adjuvant systemic treatments to be tailored to minimise morbidity and optimise oncological outcomes and quality of life. Accurate information about locoregional treatments following neoSACT is vital to allow the translation of downstaging benefits into practice and facilitate meaningful interpretation of oncological outcomes, particularly locoregional recurrence...

INTRODUCTION: Locally advanced oral cavity carcinoma (LAOCSCC) is primarily treated with surgery followed by radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. METHODS: A review of literature using PubMED was performed for studies reporting the management of LAOCSCC. Based on the reviewed literature and opinions of experts in the field, recommendations were made. RESULTS: Studies have shown that outcomes following resection of T4a and infranotch (inferior to mandibular notch) T4b are comparable...

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of synchronous treatments for rectal (RC) and prostate (PC) cancers. METHODS: Single-center retrospective study (2007-2021) of patients treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and total mesorectal excision (TME) for RC with synchronous PC treatment. The endpoints were 30-day postoperative severe complications, R0 resection rates, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 3-year overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Among the 16 patients, 15 (93...

BACKGROUND: For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT), namely, intensifying preoperative treatment through the integration of radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy before surgery, was commonly recommended as the standard treatment. However, the risk of distant metastasis at 3 years remained higher than 20%, and the complete response (CR) rate was less than 30%. Several clinical trials had suggested a higher complete response rate when combining single-agent immunotherapy with short-course radiotherapy (SCRT)...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a nomogram that combines contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) deep learning with clinical-pathological features to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) response (either low Miller Payne (MP-L) grades 1-2 or high MP (MP-H) grades 3-5) in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 265 breast cancer patients were randomly allocated into training and test sets (used for models training and testing, respectively) at a 4:1 ratio...

BACKGROUND: The CheckMate274 trial has reported enhanced disease-free survival rates in patients with stage pT3-4/ypT2-4 or pN+ urothelial carcinoma (UC) undergoing adjuvant nivolumab therapy. This study compares prognostic differences between urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from 719 patients with UC who underwent radical surgery, stratifying to patients at stage pT3-4 and/or pN+ without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) or at ypT2-4 and/or ypN+ with NAC (potential candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy), and to those who were not candidates for adjuvant immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Race is a potent influencer of healthcare access. Geography and income may exert equal or greater influence on patient outcomes. We sought to define the intersection of race, rurality, and income and their influence on access to minimally invasive lung surgery in Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS: Medicare and Medicaid Services data were used to evaluate patients with lung cancer who underwent right upper lobectomy, via open, robotic-assisted (RATS), or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) between 2018 and 2020...

BACKGROUND: Advances in perioperative chemotherapy have improved outcomes in patients with gastric cancers (GC). This strategy leads to tumour downstaging and may result in a pathologic complete response (pCR). The study aimed to evaluate the predictors of pCR and determine the impact of pCR on long-term survival. METHODS: At the Department of Gastrointestinal and HPB Oncology at the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, 1001 consecutive patients with locally advanced GCs undergoing radical resection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2005 to June 2022 were included...

BACKGROUND: While survival rates among cardiac allograft recipients have improved, there has been a rise in post-transplant malignancies, with gastric cancer being less commonly reported. This study presented a successful treatment of gastric cancer in an individual 10 years after undergoing a heart transplant. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old Chinese man presented to the gastrointestinal clinic with a complaint of diagnosis of gastric cancer for 4 months and treated with neoadjuvant therapy for 1 month...

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused delays in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer which may have affected disease presentation. The aim of this study was to compare rates of metastatic disease, tumour characteristics and management in breast cancer patients diagnosed before and after the onset of COVID-19. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients in a university teaching hospital who were diagnosed with invasive symptomatic breast cancer in 2019 (prepandemic control group) and in 2020, 2021, and 2022 (pandemic study groups)...

Neoadjuvant therapy has been widely employed in the treatment of rectal cancer, demonstrating its utility in reducing tumor volume, downstaging tumors, and improving patient prognosis. It has become the standard preoperative treatment modality for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy varies significantly among patients, with notable differences in tumor regression outcomes. In some cases, patients exhibit substantial tumor regression, even achieving pathological complete response...

BACKGROUND: Anlotinib is a new type of tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1/2/3, platelet-derived growth factor receptors α/β, and fibroblast growth factor receptors 1-4 and c-Kit, with a broad spectrum of inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis and growth. It has been proven effective in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, but its efficacy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is unknown. This phase 2 study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding anlotinib to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with TNBC...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal peritoneal metastases (CRPM) affects 15% of patients at initial colorectal cancer diagnosis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to cytoreductive surgery (CRS) has been demonstrated to be a safe and feasible option, however there is limited data describing its efficacy in advanced peritoneal disease. This study evaluated the effect of NAC on survival in patients with high volume CRPM undergoing CRS with or without HIPEC. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent CRS with or without HIPEC for CRPM from 2004 to 2019 at our institution was performed...

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been associated with outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. However, it remains unclear if TILs could be a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker in the context of dual HER2-targeting treatment. In this study, we evaluated the association between TILs and pathological response (pCR) and invasive-disease free survival (IDFS) in 389 patients with stage II-III HER2 positive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing or anthracycline-free chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in the TRAIN-2 trial...

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy in skeletally immature patients. The proximal humerus is the third most common site of osteosarcoma. The literature shows a paucity of published data concerning the outcome of proximal humerus osteosarcoma managed by limb salvage. The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: (1) do patients with proximal humerus osteosarcoma managed by limb salvage and neoadjuvant chemotherapy show good functional and oncological outcomes, and (2) are there any prognostic factors that are associated with better oncological and functional outcomes? MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was a retrospective case series study assessing the overall outcome of 34 patients with proximal humerus osteosarcoma...

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages I-III are predominantly treated with surgery and combination immunotherapy and chemotherapy. A majority of these studies excluded patients with EGFR and ALK alterations. There are several completed and ongoing trials evaluating neoadjuvant treatment with EGFR-TKI monotherapy, combination therapy with chemotherapy, and combination therapy with immunotherapy. Here, we review completed clinical trials and discuss current ongoing trials' potential benefits, challenges, and future directions in the field...

BACKGROUND: A pathological complete response (pCR) following chemoradiation (CRT) or short-course radiotherapy (scRT) leads to a favourable prognosis in patients with rectal cancer. Total neo-adjuvant therapy (TNT) doubles the pCR rate, but it is unknown whether oncological outcomes remain favourable and whether the same characteristics are associated with pCR as after CRT. METHODS: Comparison between patients with pCR in the RAPIDO trial in the experimental [EXP] (scRT, chemotherapy, surgery, as TNT) and standard-of-care treatment [STD] (CRT, surgery, postoperative chemotherapy depending on hospital policy) groups...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody, RC48-ADC (Disitamab vedotin, DV), the combination of RC48-ADC with PD-1 inhibitors was used to treat muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). This combination therapy has potential applications in both bladder preservation and neoadjuvant therapy for MIBC. METHODS: Patients with MIBC underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors followed by RC48-ADC alone or in combination with PD-1 inhibitors...

PURPOSE: Identification of patients' intended chemotherapy regimens is critical to most research questions conducted in the real-world setting of cancer care. Yet, these data are not routinely available in electronic health records (EHRs) at the specificity required to address these questions. We developed a methodology to identify patients' intended regimens from EHR data in the Optimal Breast Cancer Chemotherapy Dosing (OBCD) study. METHODS: In women older than 18 years, diagnosed with primary stage I-IIIA breast cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (2006-2019), we categorized participants into 24 drug combinations described in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for breast cancer treatment...

BACKGROUND: Subtotal esophagectomy with lymph node dissection followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard treatment for stage II-III esophageal cancer. Esophagectomy is still associated with high morbidity rates, and reducing these rates remains challenging. Among several complications, postoperative pneumonia (PP) is sometimes fatal, which has been reportedly caused by sarcopenia. Thus, nutritional support and rehabilitation may be promising for preventing skeletal muscle mass loss and reduce the incidence of PP...