keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37746469/once-forgotten-now-re-emerging-scrub-typhus-infection-in-pediatric-patients-from-north-west-india
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sujaya Mukhopadhyay, Rakesh Gupta, Shalini Shukla, Prasun Bhattacharjee, Ruchika Bhatnagar, Sanju Yadav, Sahabzada Faisal Kamal, Arashdeep Virk, Shazmeen Imran, Azhar Liyakath
Background Scrub typhus is an important cause of acute febrile illness in children. It is one of the re-emerging infections in the Asia Pacific region. It is caused by the gram-negative bacteria  Orientia tsutsugamushi  and is spread by the bite of trombiculid mites. The initial symptomatology is nonspecific with fever, headache, vomiting, etc. The presence of eschar is said to be pathognomic. It is a systemic illness, and vasculitis is the basic pathogenic mechanism. Materials and methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in two medical colleges and associated hospitals of western Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Rajasthan, India...
August 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37744449/pediatric-pulmonary-infection-caused-by-oral-obligate-anaerobes-case-series
#22
Lai Zhijun, Yang Wenhai, Zeng Peibin, Luo Qingming
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is quite common in people with chronic bedridden, severe malnutrition and underlying diseases of cerebral palsy. Although poor oral hygiene and inadequate airway protection are risk factors, case reports of childhood pneumonia caused by oral obligate anaerobes are rare. INTRODUCTION: We reported 4 cases of oral anaerobic pneumonia and empyema diagnosed by the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of our hospital. DISCUSSION: No bacteria were detected in sputum bacterial culture, pleural water bacterial culture and blood culture of the four children...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37735051/pre-operative-factors-associated-with-the-development-of-distal-ureteral-stump-syndrome-after-upper-pole-heminephrectomy
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hansen Lui, Ifeanyi Onyeji, Blythe P Durbin-Johnson, Eric A Kurzrock
INTRODUCTION: For children with duplex systems and severe hydroureteronephrosis of the upper pole, heminephrectomy is one of many suitable treatments, particularly if there is no associated lower pole reflux. Distal ureteral stump syndrome (DSS) is a very difficult complication and manifests as stump empyema, urinary tract infection and/or vulvar discharge and can occur months to years later in 10-20 percent of patients. Secondary distal ureterectomy is an extremely difficult surgery due to inflammation and adhesions...
September 9, 2023: Journal of Pediatric Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37714411/antimicrobial-treatment-of-lower-respiratory-tract-infections-in-children
#24
REVIEW
Fouad Madhi, Luc Panetta, Loic De Pontual, Sandra Biscardi, Natacha Remus, Yves Gillet, Vincent Gajdos, Barbara Ros, François Angoulvant, Sarah Dutron, Robert Cohen
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) encompass a wide range of clinical syndromes, prominently including bronchiolitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. LRTIs are the second leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions. The vast majority of these infections are due to (or triggered by) viruses and are self-limited diseases. Pneumonia in children is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. For clinicians, one of the main difficulties consists in diagnosing pneumonia in febrile children with (or without) cough...
November 2023: Infectious diseases now
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37647356/intracranial-empyema-in-children-a-single-center-retrospective-case-series
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James J Gilchrist, Tom Hoy, Else M Bijker, Emily A Lees, Laura Wilkins, Madeleine Oliver, Dominic F Kelly, Stéphane C Paulus, Amedeo Calisto
We conducted a retrospective, observational study of 42 children with intracranial empyema admitted to a pediatric neurosurgical center over a 9-year period. Intracranial empyema is rare, but causes significant morbidity and mortality. Twenty-eight cases had neurosurgical source control, more commonly for subdural collections. Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria are important pathogens in subdural empyema, whose isolation predicts more complicated postoperative courses.
August 21, 2023: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37638870/-the-many-faces-of-group-a-streptococcal-infections-case-series-of-invasive-infections-in-children-in-iceland
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elin Ola Klemenzdottir, Arna Yr Karelsdottir, Valtyr Stefansson Thors
In recent months the incedence of invasive group A streptococcal infections (Streptococcus pyogenes) has increased worldwide. In the Children's Hospital Iceland 20 such cases were admitted during a four month period, until which time the avarage was one or two children admitted with an invasive GAS infection per year. To demonstrate the variability in the presentation of these invasive infections four cases were chosen for discussion in this case-series. Empyema with toxic shock syndrome, meningitis, orbital abscess and fascitis of the leg are reviewed...
September 2023: Læknablađiđ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37588322/care-seeking-behavior-of-families-of-north-indian-children-suffering-from-who-defined-severe-community-acquired-pneumonia-a-hospital-based-prospective-study
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Krishna Yadav, Shally Awasthi
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of death in children under five. In developing countries, delayed treatment seeking has been associated with mortality and morbidity. There are only a few studies in India evaluating care-seeking behavior, particularly in children with CAP. Methods The present study was a hospital-based prospective semi-qualitative study. The study was conducted on parents or caregivers of consecutively hospitalized children under five (two to 59 months) with WHO-defined severe CAP along with radiological abnormalities consistent with CAP...
July 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37554852/percutaneous-management-of-complicated-empyema-thoracis-using-pigtail-report-of-a-case-from-university-hospital-of-nepal-a-case-report
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sumina Mainali, Binay Yadav, Naman Koju, Aashish Karki, Narendra K C, Dhanupa Bista
UNLABELLED: Empyema thoracis is a condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity of the lungs. Empyema thoracis is a cause of high mortality in man and its occurrence is increasing in both children and adults. Traditionally, chest tube drainage has been a preferred method of treatment, but recent studies have shown that pigtail catheter drainage is a more effective and less invasive alternative. Image-guided drainage is also preferred over blind drainage, and alternative drainage sites are being explored...
August 2023: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37463660/conservative-and-surgical-modalities-in-the-management-of-pediatric-parapneumonic-effusion-and-empyema-a-living-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clara Fernandez Elviro, Bryn Longcroft-Harris, Emily Allin, Leire Leache, Kellan Woo, Jeffrey N Bone, Colleen Pawliuk, Jalal Tarabishi, Matthew Carwana, Marie Wright, Nassr Nama
BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for community-acquired childhood pneumonia complicated by empyema remains unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION: In children with parapneumonic effusion or empyema, do hospital length of stay and other key clinical outcomes differ according to the treatment modality used? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A living systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science Core Collection databases...
November 2023: Chest
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37439477/intracranial-invasive-group-a-streptococcus-a-neurosurgical-emergency-in-children
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dana Hutton, Michelle Kameda-Smith, Fardad T Afshari, Ahmed Elawadly, Florence Hogg, Samir Mehta, James Samarasekara, Kristian Aquilina, Noor Ul Owase Jeelani, M Zubair Tahir, Dominic Thompson, Martin M Tisdall, Adikarige Haritha Dulanka Silva, James Hatcher, Greg James
OBJECTIVE: Invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) infections are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. CNS involvement is rare, with iGAS accounting for only 0.2%-1% of all childhood bacterial meningitis. In 2022, a significant increase in scarlet fever and iGAS was reported globally with a displacement of serotype, causing a predominance of the emm1.0 subtype. Here, the authors report on iGAS-related suppurative intracranial complications requiring neurosurgical intervention and prolonged antibiotic therapy...
July 7, 2023: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37368066/comparison-of-endoscopic-sinus-sampling-versus-intracranial-sampling-for-microbiological-diagnosis-of-intracranial-infection-in-children-a-case-series-and-literature-review
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle Masayo Kameda-Smith, Maya Mendoza, Li-An Brown, John Hartley, Kristian Aquilina, Greg James, Noor Owase Jeelani, Adikarige Haritha Dulanka Silva, Dominic Thompson, Martin Tisdall, M Zubair Tahir, James Hatcher
INTRODUCTION: Intracranial infection is often associated with contiguous sinus infection, with Streptococcus intermedius being the most common pathogen. Microbiological assessment is possible via sinus or intracranial sampling. While a sinus approach is minimally invasive, it is not clear whether this yields definitive microbiological diagnosis leading to optimized antimicrobial therapy and avoidance of intracranial surgery. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected electronic departmental database identified patients between 2019 and 2022...
June 27, 2023: Child's Nervous System: ChNS: Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37273131/debate-1-is-the-management-of-childhood-empyema-primarily-medical-or-surgical
#32
REVIEW
Aravindhan Manoharan, Rakesh Lodha
This review aims to discuss the role of medical and surgical therapy in the management of pediatric empyema. There is considerable debate on the optimal treatment for the same. Early intervention is crucial as it allows rapid recovery of these patients. Antibiotics and adequate pleural drainage form the two pillars in the management of empyema. Chest tube drainage alone has significant failure rates due to its inability to clear loculated effusion. The two main modalities which target these loculations to augment drainage are video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy...
June 5, 2023: Indian Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37243559/changes-in-the-epidemiology-of-pediatric-sinogenic-and-otogenic-intracranial-infections-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-single-institution-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sophia J Angelo, Megan G Anderson, Pearl A Sutter, Patrick J Halloran, Katherine R Kavanagh, Mitch R Paro, Jonathan E Martin, Markus J Bookland, Ian C Michelow, David S Hersh
OBJECTIVE: Focal intracranial infections (epidural abscesses, subdural empyemas, and intraparenchymal abscesses) are uncommon complications of sinusitis and otitis media but can be associated with significant morbidity. Treatment typically requires neurosurgical and otolaryngological interventions in combination with antibiotic treatment. Historically, children have presented to the authors' pediatric referral center with sinusitis- or otitis media-related intracranial infections in low numbers...
August 1, 2023: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37221872/clinicopathological-outcome-in-27-children-with-tuberculous-empyema-in-shandong-provincial-chest-hospital-jinan-china
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peng Wen, Xin Wang, Yan Liu, Qiang Zhang, Min Wei, Yu-Rong Xu, Cheng Wang, Xiang Jun Chen
The literature on childhood tuberculous empyema (TE) is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome of paediatric TE and methods of prompt diagnosis and treatment. Between January 2014 and April 2019, 27 consecutive patients with TE aged ≤15 years [mean (SD) 12.2 (3.3), range 6-15] were retrospectively reviewed. The following were reviewed: baseline demographics, symptoms, laboratory and pathological examination, radiographical findings, microbiological data, anti-tuberculous and surgical treatment and clinical outcome...
May 24, 2023: Paediatrics and International Child Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37202203/-reverse-partial-pulmonary-resection-a-new-surgical-approach-for-pediatric-pulmonary-cysts
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Yang, H Zhou, X Ouyang, F Zhang, J Feng, J Zhang
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of reverse partial lung resection for treatment of pediatric pulmonary cysts combined with lung abscesses or thoracic abscess. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children undergoing reverse partial lung resection for complex pulmonary cysts in our hospital between June, 2020 and June, 2021.During the surgery, the patients lay in a lateral position, and a 3-5 cm intercostal incision was made at the center of the lesion, through which the pleura was incised and the fluid or necrotic tissues were removed...
April 20, 2023: Nan Fang Yi Ke da Xue Xue Bao, Journal of Southern Medical University
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37180594/unexpected-increase-in-invasive-group-a-streptococcal-infections-in-children-after-respiratory-viruses-outbreak-in-france-a-15-year-time-series-analysis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yannis Lassoued, Zein Assad, Naim Ouldali, Marion Caseris, Patricia Mariani, Andre Birgy, Stephane Bonacorsi, Philippe Bidet, Albert Faye
In a 15-year pediatric time-series analysis, we showed a rise of invasive Group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections since October 2022, mainly involving pleural empyema, simultaneously to a respiratory virus outbreak. Physicians should be aware of this increased risk of pediatric iGAS infections, especially in settings with intense respiratory viruses' circulation.
May 2023: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37004059/aggregatibacter-actinomycetemcomitans-infection-in-a-15-year-old-boy-with-pulmonary-empyema-a-case-report-and-review-of-literature
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Alessia Mesturino, Carol Bitetti, Anna Clemente, Andrzej Krzysztofiak, Laura Lancella, Roberta Lombardi, Laura Cursi, Elena Boccuzzi, Anna Maria Musolino, Alberto Villani
BACKGROUND: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), previously known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a slow-growing Gram-negative coccobacillus, member of the HACEK group of bacteria colonizing oral flora. Besides causing infectious diseases in the oral cavity such as dental caries and periodontitis, it is responsible for severe extra-oral infections secondary to hematogenous spread or aspiration, such as endocarditis, soft tissue abscesses and osteomyelitis. The diagnosis depends on prolonged bacterial culture of biological material obtained through biopsy...
March 31, 2023: Italian Journal of Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36921920/real-world-use-of-apixaban-for-the-treatment-and-prevention-of-thrombosis-in-children-with-cardiac-disease
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina VanderPluym, Paul Esteso, Ashish Ankola, Amy Hellinger, Courtney Ventresco, Beth Hawkins, Ryan L Kobayashi, Ryan Williams, Maria A Cetatoiu, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Jesse J Esch
BACKGROUND: Direct oral anticoagulants use in pediatric cardiology is poorly defined. OBJECTIVE: We present the largest experience of apixaban use in children with heart disease, using weight- and level-based dosing. METHODS: Retrospective single-center analysis of cardiac patients ≤19 years treated with apixaban. Patients were evaluated for safety (clinically relevant non-major [CRNM] or major bleeding; thrombotic events) and effectiveness (thrombus improvement by imaging)...
March 14, 2023: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis: JTH
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36864867/a-rare-case-of-primary-pyogenic-ventriculitis-in-a-patient-with-community-acquired-meningitis
#39
Harish Mallapura Maheshwarappa, Akshatha V Rai
UNLABELLED: Pyogenic ventriculitis is defined as the inflammation of the ependymal lining of the cerebral ventricular system. It is characterized by the presence of suppurative fluid in the ventricles. It mostly affects neonates and children but rarely can be seen in adult population. In adults, it usually affects the elderly population. It is usually healthcare associated and occurs secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt, external ventricular drain, intrathecal drug delivery, brain stimulation devices, and neurosurgical intervention...
July 2022: Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36838268/changes-in-etiology-and-clinical-outcomes-of-pleural-empyema-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
King-Pui Florence Chan, Ting-Fung Ma, Siddharth Sridhar, David Chi-Leung Lam, Mary Sau-Man Ip, Pak-Leung Ho
Healthcare-seeking behavior changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and might alter the epidemiology of pleural empyema. In this study, the incidence, etiology and outcomes of patients admitted for pleural empyema in Hong Kong in the pre-COVID-19 (January 2015-December 2019) and post-COVID-19 (January 2020-June 2022) periods were compared. Overall, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant organism in <18-year-old patients, while Streptococcus anginosus, anaerobes and polymicrobial infections were more frequent in adults...
January 24, 2023: Microorganisms
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