calculator for umbilical coiling index

The echocardiographic monitoring of a fetus with multiple nuchal cords around the fetal neck is important as it may result in cardiac remodeling and preferential streaming, thus affecting the condition of the fetus. The main aim of our study was to assess whether the collision of the umbilical cord around the fetal neck can lead to discrepancies in the size of the pulmonary artery and the aorta in the three-vessel view and to an increase in the size of the heart, which may result from the compression of the carotid arteries caused by the umbilical cord wrapping around the fetal neck...

OBJECTIVE: To explore/study/evaluate the relationships among umbilical twist direction, the degree of umbilical twist and differences of umbilical arterial diameters (UAD). METHODS: All obstetric patients presenting for prenatal care of singleton fetuses between 18 and 25 weeks gestation to a single provider (MN) from 2015 to 2018 had detailed umbilical cord Doppler measurements. Data including the cord twist direction, degree of twist and number of twists per cord segment length, and the diameters of each UA (UAD) and the umbilical vein (UVD) were extracted from the records...

Measuring umbilical blood pressure in utero is challenging and for this reason non-invasive methods are required. However, the total vessel blood pressure drop can be estimated using numerical and empirical results by studying the mechanics of fluids in coiled and straight tubes. Two key findings emerge from such an analysis. Firstly, the total pressure drop along a vessel at a given blood flow-rate depends on both the tightness of the coils and the total cord length. Relatively short and straight cords exhibit low pressure, while long, tightly coiled cords with large width exhibit high pressure...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to test the predictive value of antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) among a prospectively recruited cohort of antenatal women. METHODS: Women with singleton pregnancies were recruited at their second-trimester scan. Images of the umbilical cord were used to calculate the aUCI. Pregnancy and birth outcomes were recorded and statistical associations between aUCI and small for gestational age (SGA) using international standard birth weight centiles and preterm birth were investigated (n = 430)...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether morphology and measurement of the umbilical cord could be accurately assessed at the time of the 11- to 13(+6)-week scan. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 100 consecutive women with singleton pregnancies at 11-13(+6) weeks' gestation who were seen for routine aneuploidy screening. Transabdominal ultrasound scans were performed, and the distance between two adjacent coils of the umbilical artery was measured in a free loop of umbilical cord...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between sonographic measurements of umbilical cord coiling index during late second trimester of pregnancy and perinatal outcome. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on two hundred pregnant women with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancy between 20 to 24 weeks of gestation. The antenatal umbilical coiling index (UCI) was calculated by doing a transabdominal ultrasound at the time of induction into the study as the reciprocal of the pitch of one complete vascular coil...

OBJECTIVE: To study the association between antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) and perinatal outcome. METHODS: 600 primigravidas with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies had an ultrasonography between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation for aUCI by colour Doppler. The aUCI was calculated as the reciprocal of the distance between a pair of coils. It was then correlated with the following pregnancy outcomes: birth weight, mode of delivery, meconium staining of liquor, Apgar scores and gestational age...

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there is an association between sonographically assessed hyper- or hypocoiling of the umbilical cord and the presence of trisomy 21, to provide reference values for the antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) at a gestational age of 16-21 weeks and to determine whether these measurements are reliable and reproducible. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 737 pregnancies in which the aUCI was measured between 16 and 21 weeks of gestation by ultrasound at the time of amniocentesis...

BACKGROUND: The position of the placental cord insertion, its shape and cord coiling are thought to be associated with perinatal outcome. This study derives indices describing the relationship of cord insertion to the placental centre, the shape of the placenta and cord coiling in placentas from unselected term pregnancies. Further, we investigate these indices in pregnancies affected by pre-eclampsia (PET), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and delivery of a small for gestational age (SGA) baby...

Our objective was to determine whether there is an association between hypercoiling of the umbilical cord and placental maturation defect. From a database comprising 1147 cases, containing data on all placentas examined at our institution during the study period, we selected all cases with a gestational age of at least 37 weeks that exhibited hypercoiling of the umbilical cord (coiling density above the 90th percentile, n = 42); we also examined 2 matched controls for each case, one with hypocoiling and one with normocoiling...

OBJECTIVE: To determine if presence of the Roach muscle, a small muscle bundle lying just beside the umbilical artery, contributes to umbilical cord coiling. METHODS: 251 umbilical cords were examined. The umbilical coiling index (UCI) was calculated as the number of coils divided by the cord length in cm. Cords were classified as hypocoiled (UCI<p10), normocoiled (UCI p10-p90) or hypercoiled (UCI>p90). On microscopic examination of a cross section of the cord, absence or presence of a Roach muscle was determined...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the antenatal umbilical coiling index (aUCI) as measured by ultrasonography predicts the postnatal umbilical coiling index (pUCI) and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: In a prospective study in 117 pregnancies, the aUCI was measured between 28 weeks and term by ultrasonography. The aUCI was calculated as the reciprocal value of the mean pitch of one complete coil. The pUCI was calculated as the number of coils divided by the cord length in cm...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relation between undercoiling and overcoiling of the umbilical cord and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: Umbilical cords and hospital records of 885 patients were studied in a cross-sectional study design. The umbilical coiling index was determined as the number of complete coils divided by the length of the cord in centimeters, blinded for pregnancy outcome. Obstetric history and pregnancy outcome of each patient were obtained from hospital records, blinded for the umbilical coiling index...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a relationship exists between the antenatal umbilical coiling index (UCI) and umbilical cord Doppler flow characteristics. METHODS: During the fetal anatomical survey in 200 consecutive pregnant patients at 18-23 weeks' gestation, we recorded umbilical coiling patterns and blood flow characteristics. The antenatal UCI, calculated as a reciprocal value of the distance between a pair of umbilical cord coils, was compared with Doppler parameters including umbilical vein blood flow volume (in mL/min/kg), and mean resistance index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV in cm/s) averaged from both umbilical arteries...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate umbilical cord coiling in pregnancies with adverse outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Umbilical cords and hospital records of 565 consecutive cases with an indication for histological examination of the placenta were studied. The umbilical coiling index (UCI) was determined as the number of complete coils divided by the length of the cord in centimeters, by an observer blinded for pregnancy outcome. Data on obstetric history and pregnancy outcome of each case were obtained from the hospital records...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antenatal umbilical cord coiling index obtained during the fetal anatomic survey in the second trimester as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Four hundred twenty-five consecutive women who had a fetal anatomic survey between 18 to 23 weeks of gestation were evaluated for umbilical cord coiling. The antenatal umbilical cord coiling index was calculated as a reciprocal value of the distance between a pair of coils (antenatal umbilical cord coiling index = 1/distance in cm) and was correlated with the following adverse pregnancy outcomes: (1) small for gestational age, (2) mode of delivery, (3) presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, (4) presence of nonreassuring fetal status in labor, and (5) Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes...

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference values for the umbilical coiling index in uncomplicated pregnancy. METHODS: Umbilical cords were collected from livebom singleton infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The umbilical coiling index (UCI) was calculated as the number of coils divided by the cord length in centimeters. The mean value (SD) for the UCI was calculated, and possible correlations of the UCI with maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, sex and birth weight of the infant were examined...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of the early second-trimester Doppler velocimetric studies of the umbilical coiling index and umbilical cord cross-sectional area as tests for the prediction of small-for-gestational age infants. METHODS: Doppler blood flow studies in 147 singleton pregnancies at risk for delivery of a small-for-gestational-age neonate were performed at 15 +/- 1 (SD) weeks' gestation from the uterine artery, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, inferior vena cava, and ductus venosus...

> Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate sonographic and Doppler detectable differences in umbilical coiling index and fetoplacental circulation of discordant twins. Study Design: Doppler blood flow studies in 13 pairs of concordant and 20 pairs of discordant twins were performed from umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, inferior vena cava, and ductus venosus. Flow studies were compared and correlated with the antenatal sonographic coiling index and the actual umbilical cord length, number of vascular helices, and birth weight...

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of coils in the umbilical cord and perinatal outcome. The umbilical cords and delivery records of 147 liveborn neonates were prospectively studied. The umbilical coiling index (UCI) of each cord was calculated by dividing the total number of complete umbilical vascular coils by the umbilical cord length. Subjects with UCIs below the 10th percentile, above the 90th percentile, and between the 10th and 90th percentiles were defined as hypocoiled, hypercoiled, and normocoiled, respectively...