Parkinson‘s disease

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate syndrome frailty by the Fried phenotype in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients over 65 years of age with Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-4 PD were tested for the presence of subjective criteria of the Fried phenotype of syndrome frailty: fatigue, difficulty in performing habitual activities, weight loss and objective criteria: grip strength and walking speed. The relationships of the objective criteria of Fried with indicators of age, sex, sports history, prescription of PD, the number of medications, blood pressure and MDS UPDRS part III scores, the severity of depression on the Beck scale and cognitive disorders on the MOCA were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and the level of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in groups of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) differentiated by the genotypes of BDNF polymorphism (rs6265). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The level of serum BDNF in the biomarkers' multiplex panel of neurodegenerative diseases (HNDG3MAG-36K) was assessed in 134 PD patients. Allele discrimination was carried out by real-time PCR using TaqMan probes for the analysis of BDNF rs6265 polymorphism in groups of patients and controls ( n =192) matched for sex, age and ethnicity...

Intestinal dysfunction and microbiome changes are actively discussed in the modern literature as the most important link in the development of neurodegenerative changes in Parkinson's disease. The article discusses the pathogenetic chain «microbiome- intestine-brain», as well as factors that affect the development of intestinal dysbiosis. A promising direction for influencing microflora and inflammatory changes in the intestine is the use of polyphenols, primarily curcumin. The review of experimental, laboratory, clinical research proving the pleiotropic effect of curcumin, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective effects, realized both through peripheral and central mechanisms is presented...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to reveal its relationships with motor and non-motor symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and eighteen patients with PD of I-III Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages were studied using UPDRSI-IV, Sch&En, PDQ-39, MMSE, BDI, STAI-S and STAI-T, PFS-16, NMSQ, GSRS, BSFS, AUA. Body mass index and saliva amount and lacrimation (Schirmer's test) were assessed...

The article is of an overview nature and is devoted to movement disorders in Parkinson's disease. The article discusses the existing problems according to the latest literature data, a review on the treatment and rehabilitation of postural instability. Special attention in the article is paid to dopamine receptor agonists - namely, piribedil, prescribed for the correction of these disorders.

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common vegetative symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which is predominantly neurogenic in nature. Detection and treatment of OH is of great importance, since it affects daily activity and increases the risk of falls. In the long term it damages target organs - the heart, kidneys and brain. In this regard, the review discusses the issues of classification, pathogenesis of OH, stages of diagnosis and correction of blood pressure, as well as measures for lifestyle changing, non-drug and drug treatment of orthostasis...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze mutations and polymorphisms in exons 2, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the glucocerebrosidase ( GBA ) gene in patients of the Krasnoyarsk region diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-five patients with sporadic and familial forms of PD were examined. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of patients. The above mentioned exons of GBA were analyzed using Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Various changes in the DNA structure of GBA were detected in 11 patients, thus, the overall frequency of variants was 14...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of motor and autonomic disorders on the pain of patients with PD of the I-III H&Y stages and possibility of correcting the pain with dopamine receptor agonists (ADR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 252 patients (128 women and 124 men, 42-80 years old) with PD of I-III Hoehn and Yahr stages (H&Y) were examined using the following scales: UPDRS, daily activity Sch&En, quality of life PDQ-39, MMSE, BDI, PFS-16, NMSQuest, GSRS, AUA; 53 patients were piribedil treated during 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: The application of the individual rehabilitating approach by hypokinesia and lack of physical activity in severe Parkinson's disease patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study were 43 patients with Parkinson's disease (17 men and 26 women; at the age 68.39±7.18 years) with 3-4 stage Hoehn and Yahr included. The physical state was previously defined. 10 individual complex lessons with the power exercises, the transfer training with external cueing, flexibility, balance-therapy, preparation of somatoreception to walking and the walking were in patient's stage with walking speed evaluation after the therapy conducted...

OBJECTIVE: To determine visual and cognitive impairments in relation to MRI changes in patients with freezing of Gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 78 patients with PD without dementia, who were divided into groups according to the presence (FOG«+» group) or absence (FOG«-» group) of «freezing» episodes. RESULTS: A decrease in contrast sensitivity (CS) and retinal photosensitivity was determined in all subjects with PD, but in patients with FOG, the decrease in CS was more pronounced...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the main symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal dysfunction (salivation and swallowing disorders) and to determine their impact on the quality of life for patients with PD of stages I-III, as well as the possibility of their correction by dopamine receptor agonists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 252 patients (128 women and 124 men, 42-80 years old) with PD of stages I-III were examined using: UPDRS items «salivation», «swallowing» and «anorexia», scale of daily activity (Schwab and England ADL scale), questionnaire quality of life (PDQ-39), measurement of saliva amount, BMI, MMSE scale; 53 patients were treated with piribedil during 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate swimming disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the pilot study, we examined 40 patients with PD, who were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of swimming disorders. The assessment on the Hoehn-Yahr scale in both groups ranged from 1 to 3. The severity of PD was assessed according to the unified Parkinson's disease scale of the International Society of Movement Disorders (MDS-UPDRS)...

OBJECTIVE: A clinical approbation of a proprietary method for evaluation of the diagnostic value of computer video analysis of hypomimia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 31 patients diagnosed with PD and 31 healthy people. The method consists in contactless recognition of 68 reference points on the face that are used to determine the movement of eyebrows, eyelids and the mouth during diagnostic tests: smiling, drawing of the letter "O", winking, eyebrow raising, frowning, and text reading...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the topography of thermographic characteristics and compliance with the degree of asymmetry of motor and thermometric characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 45 patients with PD (stage 1-3) according to the Hoehn and Yahr scale. The patients were divided into two groups: a right-sided group ( n =27) and a left-sided one ( n =18). The groups were matched for age, disease type and duration, and symptom severity...

The review article discusses the epidemiological, clinical and pathophysiological aspects of the relationship between Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). DM2 increases the risk of PD, correlates with the rate of its progression and severity of motor and cognitive deficits. The key link in the pathogenesis of both diseases can be insulin resistance that occurs in peripheral tissues in DM2 and in the brain in PD. In this regard, the use of antidiabetic drugs as neuroprotective agents opens up the possibility of developing a new strategy for targeted therapy that modifies the course of PD...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disease, the main symptoms of which are motor impairments (bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and postural instability). However, the longer this disease is studied, the more new (non-motor) manifestations of the disease are detected. The article discusses visual disturbances that occur in patients with PD, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and methods of their treatment.

One of the main manifestations of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among patients with Parkinson's disease is sudden-onset sleep (SOS). The SOS episodes could dramatically increase the traumatic ratio among those patients. The factors of SOS among PD patients are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and physiological features of patients with different types of SOS for detection of influencing factors of urgent EDS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 32 patients SOS positive (17 female) were included...

MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRg-FUS) is a new noninvasive method for the treatment of contralateral disabling and pharmacoresistant tremor. Clinical studies have confirmed the high efficacy and safety of using MRg-FUS in patients with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease, in short and long-term studies. Advantages of this method in comparison with currently used invasive and noninvasive technics, potential brain target areas, the possibility of bilateral intervention, indications and contraindications are discussed...

The prevalence of affective disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) is significantly higher than in the general population of people of the same age. It is known that the effectiveness of antidepressants in PD with depressive disorder is lower than in patients with primary depression. For depression resistant to standard treatments, other therapeutic strategies are available. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is one of the most popular and safe brain stimulation methods that has been successfully used to treat primary depression...

OBJECTIVE: To study a role of vitamin D and other indicators of calcium-phosphorus metabolism as possible predictors of Parkinson's disease (PD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group consisted of 138 patients with PD, the control group included 79 patients without PD. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) were determined by chemo-luminescence immunoassay. Additionally, the following biochemical markers were evaluated: parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, total calcium, ionized calcium, total protein...