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BACKGROUND: Adequate nutrients early in life promote cognitive development and are critical for proper growth and functioning. The effect of individual nutrients consumed through food is often not the same as consuming the same nutrients in supplementary form due to 'food synergy', the biological and chemical interrelations that occur between nutrients. Animal-source foods, such as eggs, meat, fish, and dairy, are energy dense and contain multiple micronutrients and essential fatty acids with high bioavailability...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of cervical pessary application for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB) in singleton pregnancies with a sonographically measured short cervix. METHODS: Searches were conducted in PubMed-Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in all languages from inception through 28 July 2018. Inclusion criteria were registered RCTs of singleton pregnants with a short cervix (≤ 25 mm) measured at 22-24 weeks comparing the use of a cervical pessary versus controls over the risk of SPB...

Excessive iodine intake is a major public health problem in the Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria, where animal milk is an important source of iodine. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between iodine concentrations in locally produced animal milk and in animal drinking water and further to assess the risk of exceeding European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) tolerable upper intake level for iodine (600 μg/d) among Saharawi women. In 2009 and 2010, 202 milk samples from goats and sheep and 52 milk samples from camel were collected...

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) associated with bisphosphonate therapy is a rare but severe side effect in osteoporosis patients. Recently, the number of osteoporosis patients with ONJ has dramatically increased in Japan. This has contributed to an increase in the number of patients avoiding extractions. However, there has been no prospective study providing definitive incidence data for ONJ in Japanese patients. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the true as well as suspected incidence of ONJ. A total of 3229 subjects (1612 subjects in the minodronic acid group and 1617 subjects in the raloxifene group) in the Japanese Osteoporosis Intervention Trial protocol number 4 participated in this study...

Cancer cell lines (CCL) are an integral part of modern cancer research but are susceptible to misidentification. The increasing popularity of sequencing technologies motivates the in-silico identification of CCLs based on their mutational fingerprint, but care must be taken when identifying heterogeneous data. We recently developed the proof-of-concept Uniquorn 1 method which could reliably identify heterogeneous sequencing data from selected sequencing technologies. Here we present Uniquorn 2, a generic and robust in-silico identification method for CCLs with DNA/RNA-seq and panel-seq information...

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that poor oral health might increase the risk of lung cancer among European- and Asian- descendants. The association has not been investigated among African Americans or socially disadvantaged populations. In this nested case-control study, we investigated whether oral health was associated with lung cancer risk among a low-income population of African Americans and European Americans in the Southeastern United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 403 incident lung cancer cases and 1612 matched controls from the Southern Community Cohort Study were included...

Previous investigations on the associations of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) with overweight/obesity are mixed. Moreover, little information has been reported about the association between isomers of PFASs with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or overweight. To address this shortcoming in the literature, we conducted a study involving 1612 Chinese adults (1204 men and 408 women), ages 22-96 years old, from Shenyang, China, to analyze serum isomers of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and other PFASs...

The genus Uncaria is an important source of traditional Chinese medicines with multiple therapeutic effects. The identification of the correct species and accurate determination of the contents of bioactive constituents are important for quality control of Uncaria medicinal materials. Here, an integrated evaluation system based on DNA barcoding for species identification and quantitative analysis by LC-MS/MS has been established. DNA barcoding based on the ITS2 barcode region showed sufficient discriminatory power to precisely identify 24 samples from seven Uncaria species...

AIM: To compare the clinical outcomes of ≤6 mm extra-short implants (test group) versus ≥10 mm long implants (control group), with and without bone augmentation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systemic literature search of randomized clinical trials was performed using the PUBMED (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases. A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted to compare all the outcome variables. Meta-regression analysis determined the effect of bone augmentation procedures and the influence of other clinical covariates on the results...

BACKGROUND: Standard care for HIV clinical practice has started focusing on age-related problems, but despite this recent change physicians involved in HIV care do not often screen HIV patients for frailty. Our aim was to construct three indexes from an HIV clinical database (i.e. Frailty Index, (FI), HIV Index, (HIVI), and Protective Index (PI)) and to assess levels of frailty, HIV severity and demographic and protective lifestyle factors among HIV patients. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We included data from 1612 patients who attended an Italian HIV clinic between September 2016 and December2017 (mean±SD age: 53...

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a major public health problem among elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess some psychosocial predictors of cognitive impairment (age, education, living alone, smoking, depression and social support) in the Iranian elderly population. Method : A total of 1612 elderly (over 60 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Cognitive function was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). In addition, data from psychological tests and demographic characteristics were analyzed...

The optimal follow-up (FU) strategy for patients treated for localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. Using the RECUR database, we studied imaging intensity utilised in contemporary FU to evaluate its association with outcome after detection of disease recurrence. Consecutive patients with nonmetastatic RCC (n=1612) treated with curative intent at 12 institutes across eight European countries between 2006 and 2011 were included. Recurrence occurred in 336 patients. Cross-sectional (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and conventional (chest X-ray, ultrasound) methods were used in 47% and 53%, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) has expanded the indications of this minimally invasive procedure to include patients with pararenal aneurysms. The actual cost of this relatively newer technology compared with standard endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) has not been studied before. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze in-hospital costs and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing FEVAR vs EVAR for intact abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). METHODS: Using the Premier Healthcare Database (2012-2015), we identified all patients who underwent elective EVAR and FEVAR...

We propose and demonstrate the fabrication of single-crystal sapphire fiber Bragg gratings (SFBGs) using a femtosecond laser line-by-line scanning technique. This approach provides a robust method for producing SFBGs at various Bragg wavelengths with an acceptable reflectivity. The spectrum characteristics of the SFBGs with various fiber diameters, track lengths, and grating pitch quantities were investigated. An SFBG with a reflectivity of 6.3% was obtained via optimization of fabrication parameters. Additionally, a serial array consisting of five SFBGs at different wavelengths was successfully constructed...

BACKGROUND: Outcomes for pancreatic resection have been studied extensively due to the high morbidity and mortality rates, with high-volume centers achieving superior outcomes. Ongoing investigations include healthcare costs, given the national focus on reducing expenditures. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the relationships between pancreatic surgery costs with perioperative outcomes and volume status. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 27,653 patients who underwent elective pancreatic resections from October 2013 to June 2017 using the Vizient database...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the ability of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) to detect frailty and sarcopenia in older males. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A total of 305 male patients undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessment were included in the study. MEASURES: The frailty status was assessed with the Fried criteria. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria...

During the last 40 years, the quantity and spatial patterns of farmland in Western Jilin have changed dramatically, which has had a great impact on soybean production potential. This study used one of the most advanced crop production potential models, the Global Agro-Ecological Zones model, to calculate the soybean production potential in Western Jilin based on meteorological, topography, soil and land use data, and analyzed the impact of farmland change on soybean production potential during 1975⁻2013. The main conclusions were the following: first, the total soybean production potential in Western Jilin in 2013 was 8...

Spider silk exhibits mechanical properties such as high strength and toughness that are superior to those of any man-made fibre (Bourzac 2015 Nature 519 , S4-S6 (doi:10.1038/519S4a)). This high strength and toughness originates from a combination of the crystalline (exhibiting robust strength) and amorphous (exhibiting superb extensibility) regions present in the silk (Asakura et al 2015 Macromolecules 48 , 2345-2357 (doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00160)). The crystalline regions comprise a mixture of poly-alanine and poly-glycine-alanine...

Context: Obesity is a global epidemic, and there is a focus on identifying markers of obesity in children with a view to prevention. Objective: We aimed to examine prospectively the association of maternal fasting lipids with adiposity in 5- to 7-year-old offspring in a large observational study. Design: Pregnant women (1612) were recruited to the Belfast center of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study in a large tertiary maternity hospital at an average of 28 weeks' gestation...

OBJECTIVE: Treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) consists of debulking surgery and (neo)adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the time from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy (TTC) was associated with clinical outcome. METHODS: We identified all Dutch patients who received optimal or complete debulking surgery for primary EOC (FIGO IIb-IV) between 2008 and 2015 from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. TTC was divided into three groups based on the interquartile range (IQR)...