Ankle child

BACKGROUND: Infantile spastic bilateral cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common form of CP. Diplegia (with ambulatory ability) is mostly a chronic condition that impairs the ability to walk. Standard orthotic management includes hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis (HKAFO) as a pri-mary conservative treatment option to contrast spasticity and stabilise gait through partial immobilisation of the body structure. Multilevel brace orthosis (MLB) (Registered Trademark) is a specific type of light HKAFO designed to improve functional alignment and dynamic gait stability without limb immobilisation...

OBJECTIVES: The fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene (FA2H) compound heterozygous or homozygous variants that cause spastic paraplegia type 35 (SPG35) (OMIM # 612319) are autosomal recessive HSPs. FA2H gene variants in humans have been shown to be associated with not only SPG35 but also leukodystrophy and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. CASE PRESENTATION: A patient with a spastic gait since age seven was admitted to the paediatric metabolism department...

OBJECTIVE: This review provides guidance and ideas for researchers through a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the present state, trends, and hotspots in the pediatric fracture literature over the past 6 years. METHODS: We used Citespace 6.1.R6 software to explore the country/region distribution, institutions, journals, keyword analysis, and co-cited references of the literature from Web of Science core database. RESULTS: There are 6472 pieces of pediatric fracture-related literature, including 2962 from 2017 to 2019 and 3510 from 2020 to 2022...

OBJECTIVE: Despite idiopathic toe walking (ITW) being a significant source of stress and anxiety for children and parents alike, little is known about the effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The primary research question for this study was "Is ITW associated with impaired HRQoL, and is the degree of equinus contracture related to the degree of impairment?" METHODS: Twelve pediatric orthopaedic centers across the United Kingdom participated in this prospective, cross-sectional observational study of children younger than 18 years with ITW...

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal tuberculosis is the great mimicker of lesions, usually manifesting in a non-specific image. Though it enters the differential diagnosis of every lesion in immature skeletal bones, it is commonly misdiagnosed. Early and correct diagnosis is crucial due to the distinct required treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-year-old male complained of vague pain in the ankle without any other specific or major systemic symptoms. A cystic lesion was found on a plain X-ray, which turned out to be osseous tuberculosis, and it was treated successfully and followed up for two years...

BACKGROUND: Functional constipation can lead to painful defecations, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain, significantly affecting a child's quality of life. Treatment options include non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches, but some cases are intractable and require alternative interventions like neuromodulation. A subtype of neuromodulation, called Transcutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation (TPTNS), comprises electrical stimulation at the ankle level, by means of electrodes fixed to the skin...

BACKGROUND: In the presence of pain over the lateral aspect of the foot or recurrent ankle sprain in children, medical imaging is often employed to investigate potential causes, such as a calcaneonavicular coalition or a too-long anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus. Diagnosis and categorization of calcaneonavicular coalitions (synostosis, synchondrosis, or synfibrosis) is generally facilitated through imaging, in contrast to TLAP, which lacks well-defined semiological characteristics, apart from a calcaneonavicular space measurement of less than 5 mm...

Fibular hemimelia is a complex longitudinal malformation of the lower extremity with partial or complete deficiency of the fibula resulting in dorso-fibular dislocation of the hindfoot. Typically associated are talocalcaneal coalition, absence of rays of the foot, diaphyseal tibial deformity of valgus-procurvatum type and longitudinal growth deficiency. We have addressed the deformity of the distal tibial epiphysis surgically by a metaphyseal osteotomy to bend through the physis inspired by the Pemberton's acetabular osteotomy in 7 to 21-month-old children...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has the potential to trigger the onset of autoimmune disorders, one of which is acute rheumatic fever (ARF). ARF is an immune system response that can manifest after an individual has been infected with Streptococcus pyogenes. In this study, we document a unique case involving a previously healthy child who exhibited symptoms of fever, polyarthritis, and ankle swelling after history of COVID-19 infection one month ago. This rare pediatric case report discussed the occurrence of ARF after a one-month period of COVID-19 infection, and we observed significant improvement in our patient after a three-month treatment regimen...

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify physical behaviour phenotypes in mothers in the first trimester and in their offspring at 24 months of age. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between mother and child behaviours with child body composition at age 24 months. METHODS: Longitudinal secondary analysis of the Glowing cohort collected between 1 February 2011 and 22 August 2017 in Little Rock, Arkansas. Behaviours were measured using ankle-worn accelerometers in mothers during the first trimester and offspring at 24 months of age, including total activity, sleep, sedentary time and a novel variable of daily variation, patternicity...

Septic arthritis is one potential cause of pediatric joint effusion and pain that may lead to significant morbidity. We present a case where point-of-care ultrasound was used to identify and aspirate a joint effusion in a pediatric patient with septic arthritis of the ankle, facilitating timely diagnosis and care. We review the technique for arthrocentesis of the ankle and literature on point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric septic arthritis.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was 2-fold: (1) to create and validate an ankle bone age atlas spanning the pediatric and adolescent years and (2) to utilize this atlas in conjunction with distal tibia/fibular growth data as measured on serial radiographs to develop a predictive growth model for the lower extremity. METHODS: Radiographs were surveyed to identify distinguishable, reproducible, radiographic features. Radiographic features of the tibia, fibula, hindfoot, and midfoot from 270 patients were identified and a "standard" for each age/sex was selected to create an atlas...

Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common disorders in pediatric patients. The prevalence of CP is 2-3 in 1,000 live births, but various changes in some trends are seen in different groups. This article is a systematic review of multiple sources available for interventions and new adaptive techniques used for treating patients for their better lifestyles. With recent advancements, it is possible to diagnose a child who is below six months to two years. For achieving goals, proper interventions and techniques are necessary in the early stages of the disease...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the efficacy of two selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) techniques with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, using instrumented three-dimensional gait analysis. INTRODUCTION: SDR is a common, irreversible surgical treatment increasingly used to address gait disturbances in children with chronic non-progressive encephalopathy by reducing spasticity. Various techniques have been used, which mainly differ in the percentage of rootlets selected for sectioning...

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a prevalent congenital anomaly, is characterized by the backward bending of the hindfoot, the inward turning of the midfoot, and the turning or tilting of the front foot. The likelihood of experiencing clubfoot is higher in males and among firstborn offspring. Both genetic and environmental elements are recognized as factors that play a role in the occurrence of this developmental irregularity. It is diagnosed clinically because the abnormality has been visible since childhood, where one or both feet point downward and inward...

INTRODUCTION: Constriction band syndrome (CBS) is a congenital limb anomaly frequently associated with clubfoot. Clubfeet in CBS patients may be associated with peroneal nerve dysfunction in the involved lower extremity; however, the etiology of this neuromuscular dysfunction is not clear. We sought to characterize the distribution of constriction bands on lower extremities with clubfoot and determine if neuromuscular deficit (NMD), defined here as having absent ankle dorsiflexion, was associated with ipsilateral proximal bands...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine athletic trainer compliance with emergency medicine and athletic training evidence-based guidelines for the on-the-field management of common pediatric sports-related injury and illness. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed electronically to selected members of the National Athletic Trainer Association. The questionnaire included 10 clinical scenarios describing common sports-related injury/illness (closed head injury, cervical spine injury, blunt chest injury, blunt abdominal injury, ankle injury, knee injury with laceration, heat-related illness)...

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity valgus is a commonly described factor associated with patellofemoral instability (PFI) and, if identified before skeletal maturity, can be treated with guided growth. The prevalence of valgus alignment in the pediatric and adolescent PFI population is largely unknown. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of valgus alignment in adolescent patients presenting with PFI; with secondary assessment of high-grade valgus (zone II or III), coronal asymmetry, and associations of these findings with body mass index (BMI)...

While Chinese dance is a popular dance genre among Chinese teenagers and adults, little is known regarding the prevalence of dance-related injuries or factors associated with such injuries among Chinese dance practitioners. The current cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of dance-related injuries and their associated risk factors among young Chinese dance practitioners in Hong Kong. Online surveys were distributed to dancers through local dance associations, while paper-based surveys were distributed to young Chinese dance performers during the 54th School Dance Festival in Hong Kong...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength, balance, and physical activity between children with chronic ankle instability and copers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Pediatric Physical Therapy laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Children aged between 7 and 12 years old from regular schools who had a history of unilateral ankle sprain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lower extremity strength, Static and dynamic standing balance, and Level of physical activity...