FHB

BACKGROUND: Fusarium species are responsible for Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat, resulting in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and enniatins (ENNs) are common mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, affecting plant, animal, and human health. While DON's effects have been widely studied, limited research has explored the impact of ENNs on insects. This study examines the influence of DON and enniatin B (ENB), both singularly and in combination, on the wheat aphid Sitobion avenae and one of its predators, the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea...

Fusarium graminearum is a dominant phytopathogenic fungus causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops. Heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) is a polycyclic tetramate macrolactam (PoTeM) isolated from Lysobacter enzymogenes that exhibits strong antifungal activity against F. graminearum. HSAF significantly reduces the DON production and virulence of F. graminearum. Importantly, HSAF exhibited no cross-resistance to carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole and pydiflumetofen. However, the target protein of HSAF in F...

AIM: To evaluate the incidence, the risk factors, and the treatment outcomes of Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies (NTEP) treated in a tertiary care center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 110 NTEP cases treated between 2014 and 2019 were included in the retrospective study. The study cohort was divided into 6 groups according to the pregnancy localization: 87 cesarean scar pregnancies (CSPs), 7 ovarian pregnancies, 6 interstitial pregnancies, 4 rudimentary horn pregnancies, 4 abdominal pregnancies, and 2 cervical pregnancies...

The term "Fusarium Head Blight" (FHB) resistance supposedly covers common resistances to different Fusarium spp. without any generally accepted evidence. For food safety, all should be considered with their toxins, except for deoxynivalenol (DON). Disease index (DI), scabby kernels (FDK), and DON steadily result from FHB, and even the genetic regulation of Fusarium spp. may differ; therefore, multitoxin contamination is common. The resistance types of FHB form a rather complex syndrome that has been the subject of debate for decades...

Fungal endophytes are well-known for their ability to promote plant growth and hinder fungal diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum . This study aimed to characterize the biocontrol efficacy of strain J4-3 isolated from the stem of symptomless wheat collected from Heilongjiang Province, China. It was identified as Epicoccum layuense using morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and beta-tubulin ( TUB ). In a dual culture assay, strain J4-3 significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of F...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most common diseases in Argentina, affecting the quality and yield of barley grains. Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (ss) and Fusarium poae are causal agents of FHB and potential sources of mycotoxin contamination in barley. Conventional management strategies do not lead to a complete control of FHB; therefore, biological control emerges as an eco-friendly alternative in the integrated management of the disease. In the present work, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus inaquosorum, Bacillus nakamurai and Lactobacillus plantarum were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against F...

We transferred the Tri6 gene into the elite barley GemCraft via new transformation method through shoot organogenesis and identified the rearrangements of transgenes and phenotypic variations in the transgenic plants. Despite its agronomic and economic importance, barley transformation is still very challenging for many elite varieties. In this study, we used direct shoot organogenesis to transform the elite barley cultivar GemCraft with the RNAi constructs containing Tri6 gene of Fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight (FHB)...

Our globin census update allows us to refine our vision of globin origin, evolution, and structure to function relationship in the context of the currently accepted tree of life. The modern globin domain originates as a single domain, three-over-three α-helical folded structure before the diversification of the kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya). Together with the diversification of prokaryotes, three monophyletic globin families (M, S, and T) emerged, most likely in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, displaying specific sequence and structural features, and spread by vertical and horizontal gene transfer, most probably already present in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA)...

AIM: The aim of this work was to evaluate colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes after 'low' (sub-threshold) faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in symptomatic patients tested in primary care. METHOD: This work comprised a retrospective audit of 35 289 patients with FIT results who had consulted their general practitioner with lower gastrointestinal symptoms and had subsequent CRC diagnoses. The Rapid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis pathway was introduced in November 2017 to allow incorporation of FIT into clinical practice...

Fusarium graminearum is the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat in Europe. To reveal population structure and to pinpoint genetic targets of selection we studied genomes of 96 strains of F. graminearum using population genomics. Bayesian and phylogenomic analyses indicated that the F. graminearum emergence in Europe could be linked to two independently evolving populations termed here as East European (EE) and West European (WE) population. The EE strains are primarily prevalent in Eastern Europe, but to a lesser extent also in western and southern areas...

Applying plant-derived fungicides is a safe and sustainable way to control wheat scab. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of wheat cultivars with and without the resistance gene Fhb1 were analyzed by GC-MS, and 2-phenylethanol was screened out. The biocontrol function of 2-phenylethanol on Fusarium graminearum was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomics analysis indicated that 2-phenylethanol altered the amino acid pathways of F. graminearum , affecting its normal life activities. Under SEM and TEM observation, the mycelial morphology changed, and the integrity of the cell membrane was destroyed...

Fusarium heading blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat, primarily caused by field invasion of Fusarium graminearum . Due to the scarcity of resistant wheat varieties, the agricultural sector resorts to chemical fungicides to control FHB incidence. On the other hand, biocontrol represents a promising, eco-friendly approach aligned with sustainable and green agriculture concepts. In the present study, a bacterial endophyte, Pseudescherichia sp. (GSE25), was isolated from wheat seeds and identified through complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis...

Fusarium graminearum is a destructive fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) on a wide range of cereal crops. To control fungal diseases, it is essential to comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms that enable fungi to overcome host defenses during infection. Pathogens require an oxidative stress response to overcome host-derived oxidative stress. Here, we identify the underlying mechanisms of the Fgbzip007-mediated oxidative stress response in F. graminearum . ChIP-seq and subsequent genetic analyses revealed that the role of glutathione in pathogenesis is not dependent on antioxidant functions in F...

BACKGROUND: Methods based on paper-based analytical devices (PAD) and smartphone photographic colorimetric detection have become representative instrument-independent point-of-care testing (POCT) platforms due to their low cost and simplicity. However, the detection of target components from whole blood sample still presents challenges in terms of field preparation of small amounts of blood sample and detection sensitivity. This paper presents a rapid online processing method for whole blood samples on PAD based on plasma separation membrane (PSM), and combined with electrokinetic stacking and selective chromatic reaction...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of small grains. The disease is predominantly caused by the haploid ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum in North America. To understand the genetics of quantitative traits for sensitivity to fungicides in this fungal pathogen, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of sensitivity to two demethylation inhibition (DMI) class fungicides, tebuconazole and prothioconazole, using a F. graminearum population of 183 isolates collected between 1981 and 2013 from North Dakota...

In this study aiming to investigate potential fungal biocontrol agents for Fusarium culmorum , several isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic effects by means of transcriptional analyses. At first, 21 monosporic Trichoderma spp. isolates were obtained from natural wood debris and wood area soils in Manisa, Turkey. Trichoderma spp. Isolates were identified as belonging to four different species ( T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. koningii , and T. brevicompactum ) by tef1-α sequencing...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a critical fungal disease causes serious grain yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. Currently, utilization of chemical fungicides is the main control method which has led to serious resistance. Development of novel synergist is an important strategy to reduce the usage of chemical fungicides and postpone the development of resistance, while natural components are interesting resources. In this study, the synergistic effect of Taxodium 'zhongshansha' essential oil (TZEO) was determined and the best synergistic ratio (SR) of 3...

UNLABELLED: Spike length (SL) plays an important role in the yield improvement of wheat and is significantly associated with other traits. Here, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Yangmai 12 (YM12) and Yanzhan 1 (YZ1) to construct a genetic linkage map and identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for SL. A total of 5 QTL were identified for SL, among which QSl.yaas-3A and QSl.yaas-5B are two novel QTL for SL. The YZ1 alleles at QSl.yaas-2D and QSl...

Bacterial hemoglobins play important roles inside the cell. Phylogenetically, they belong to three different families: the single domain hemoglobin, flavohemoglobin and truncated hemoglobin. Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) is the first characterized bacterial hemoglobin, and belongs to the single domain hemoglobin family. Heterologous expression of VHb promotes the growth of host cells under microaerobic conditions, and enhances the yield of products during fermentation. Although VHb has been widely applied in the biotechnology field, other bacterial hemoglobins have not demonstrated similar applications...

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most studied fungal diseases of wheat, causing massive grain yield and quality losses. This study aimed to extend previous studies on the physiological and biochemical responses of winter wheat to FHB stress in a controlled environment by focusing on the ascorbate-glutathione pathway (AsA-GSH), photosynthetic efficiency, and stress hormone levels, thus providing insight into the possible interactions of different defense mechanisms during infection. The activity of AsA-GSH metabolism was increased in FHB resistant varieties, maintaining the redox state of spikes, and consequently preserving functional photosystem II...