Pneumocystosis

In this study, we compared the predisposing factors, key demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with poor prognosis in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and non-HIV patient populations. This retrospective analysis was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, via the collection and analysis of patient records with a diagnosis of "pneumocystosis" between January 2015 and October 2020. Additionally, the laboratory database was evaluated, and patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PCP were included...

The epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated pneumocystosis (HAP) is poorly described on a worldwide scale. We searched related databases between January 2000 and December 2022 for studies reporting HAP. Meta-analysis was performed using StatsDirect (version 2.7.9) and STATA (version 17) according to the random-effects model for DerSimonian and Laird method and metan and metaprop commands, respectively. Twenty-nine studies with 38554 HIV-positive, 79893 HIV-negative, and 4044 HAP populations were included...

BACKGROUND: Limited reports exist regarding invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of IFDs, specifically invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis and pneumocystosis, in IBD patients in South Korea using nationwide data. PATIENTS/METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort of 42,913 IBD patients between January 2010 and December 2018 was evaluated using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database...

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BACKGROUND: The use of the PCR to aid in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) has demonstrated excellent clinical performance, as evidenced through various systematic reviews and meta-analyses, yet there are concerns over the interpretation of positive results due to the potential presence of Pneumocystis colonization of the airways. While this can be overcome by applying designated positivity thresholds to PCR testing, the shear number of assays described limits the development of a universal threshold...

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a potentially fatal type of pneumonitis, which may have devastating consequences. Typically, it occurs in immunocompromised patients, with the natural history varying depending on the presence or not of HIV infection. Staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is the cornerstone of the diagnosis, while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the treatment of choice. The etiological association of biologic agents with the occurrence of PJP is not entirely clear...

BACKGROUND: Histoplasmosis is mainly described as a disseminated disease in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Compared to historical descriptions in immunocompetent individuals, knowledge is lacking on the detailed clinical and radiological findings and outcomes of pulmonary histoplasmosis (PH). Overlooked or misdiagnosed with other AIDS-defining condition, prognostic of PLHIV may be at risk because of inappropriate care. METHODS: A retrospective multicentric study was conducted in PLHIV from French Guiana between January 1988 and October 2019...

HIV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is mainly due to infections caused by viruses, fungi, and, to a lesser extent, bacteria, often with fatal results. Case presentation: A 15-year-old pediatric patient from another institution was admitted to our hospital with a fever of unknown origin (FUO). Clinical analysis and laboratory studies diagnosed HIV infection. The approach to an FUO in a patient with AIDS is much more complex due to the search for common etiologies and opportunistic infections...

BACKGROUND: Imaging is a key diagnostic modality for suspected invasive pulmonary or sinus fungal disease and may help to direct testing and treatment. Fungal diagnostic guidelines have been developed and emphasize the role of imaging in this setting. We review and summarize evidence regarding imaging for fungal pulmonary and sinus disease (in particular invasive aspergillosis, mucormycosis and pneumocystosis) in immunocompromised patients. OBJECTIVES: We reviewed data on imaging modalities and findings used for diagnosis of invasive fungal pulmonary and sinus disease...

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the Pneumocystis infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection in human hosts with different immune status (immunocompromised and immunocompetent), using molecular diagnostic methods, and to compare their diagnostic value with that of classical staining methods...

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) is a serious complication of many significant immunocompromising conditions. Prior incidence estimates in Wales are based on PcP's presentation in the HIV and transplant populations. The objectives were to describe the incidence of PcP in Wales using laboratory reporting measures and assess the impact of underlying immunosuppression cause on mortality. All positive PCR results for PcP between 2015 and 2018 were identified. The total number of unique positives with clinical and radiological correlation was 159 patients, a mean of 39...

AIM: In the past, Pneumocystis jirovecii belonged to the Protozoa group, but is currently taxonomically included in the kingdom Fungi. P. jirovecii is an opportunistic pathogen, responsible for pneumocystis pneumonia with frequent complications of immunocompromised patients. Delayed initiation of appropriate therapy increases the risk of death in immunocompromised patient. The aim of this work was to determine and evaluate the reliability of methods of laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystosis used in routine laboratories as well as the occurrence of this disease in patients from Slovakia during 19 years...

BACKGROUND: We report the results of an observational study, analyzing the clinical course of kidney transplant patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and comparing it with a control to determine if outcomes, nosocomial, and opportunistic infections were different between groups. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, case-control, single-center study, including a group of kidney transplant adults diagnosed with COVID-19, from March 2020 to April 2022. Transplant patients hospitalized for COVID-19 comprised the cases...

Sibling female and male Chihuahuas were evaluated for a 9-month history of tachypnea that failed to respond to fenbendazole, doxycycline, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and prednisone. Physical examination identified tachypnea, hyperpnea, and harsh bronchovesicular lung sounds. Fundic examination disclosed diffuse chorioretinitis, manifested as multifocal chorioretinal granulomas in the female dog and occasional chorioretinal scars in the male dog. Thoracic radiographs indicated moderate to severe interstitial to broncho-interstitial infiltrates in both dogs...

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus recognized for causing P. jirovecii pneumonia. The global prevalence is thought to be higher than 400,000 annual cases, although detailed information about epidemiological patterns is scarce. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective longitudinal descriptive study was performed among patients with diagnosis of pneumocystosis according to Classification of Diseases 9th edition, Clinical Modification (code 136.3 for the cases from 1997 to 2015; and 10th edition code B59...

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii infection is the most common opportunistic infection that causes pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, extrapulmonary P. jirovecii infection is extremely rare after the use of antiretroviral therapy. Here, we present the second reported case of paraspinal mass caused by P. jirovecii infection in an advanced HIV-infected patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion, and significant weight loss within the preceding 4 months...

We aimed to describe the current epidemiology of both hosts with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) and causative fungi. And, detail outcomes of these infections at 12 weeks in a real-life cohort of hospitalized patients. The study was retrospective and observational to describe IFI diagnosed in a tertiary hospital (February 2017-December 2021). We included all consecutive patients meeting criteria for proven or probable IFI according to EORTC-MSG and other criteria. A total of 367 IFIs were diagnosed. 11.7% were breakthrough infections, and 56...

The admitted patients of intensive care units (ICU) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) meet the challenges of subsequent infections. Opportunistic fungal infections such as Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) are among the important factors in the context of COVID-19 patients affecting illness severity and mortality. We reviewed the literature on COVID-19 patients with PCP to identify features of this infection. Although studies confirmed at least the presence of one immunosuppressive condition in half of PCP patients, this disease can also occur in immunocompetent patients who developed the immunosuppressive condition during Covid-19 treatment...

OBJECTIVE: As immune-modulating therapy has become the standard of care for idiopathic inflammatory joint diseases (IJD), we investigated whether this has changed the rates for hospitalization with opportunistic infections (OI). METHODS: Administrative longitudinal state-wide health data identified patients hospitalized at least twice with diagnostic codes for rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 7730), psoriatic arthritis (PsA, n = 529) or axial spondylarthritis (AS, n = 1126) in Western Australia in the period 1985-2015...

Invasive fungal infections cause over 1.5 million deaths worldwide. Despite increases in fungal infections as well as the numbers of individuals at risk, there are no clinically approved fungal vaccines. We produced a "pan-fungal" peptide, NXT-2, based on a previously identified vaccine candidate and homologous sequences from Pneumocystis, Aspergillus,Candida , and Cryptococcus . We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective capacity of NXT-2 in murine and nonhuman primate models of invasive aspergillosis, systemic candidiasis, and pneumocystosis...