Matteo Bologna, Josep Valls-Solè, Nitish Kamble, Pramod Kumar Pal, Antonella Conte, Andrea Guerra, Daniele Belvisi, Alfredo Berardelli
Hyperkinesias are heterogeneous involuntary movements that significantly differ in terms of clinical and semeiological manifestations, including rhythm, regularity, speed, duration, and other factors that determine their appearance or suppression. Hyperkinesias are due to complex, variable, and largely undefined pathophysiological mechanisms that may involve different brain areas. In this chapter, we specifically focus on dystonia, chorea and hemiballismus, and other dyskinesias, specifically, levodopa-induced, tardive, and cranial dyskinesia...
August 2022: Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology