Echocardiography, 3D

BACKGROUND: Trans-catheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) procedures had emerged as an alternative solution for patients who are at high risk for mitral valve surgery. Although cardiac computed tomography (CT) remains the standard method for procedural planning, there is no full agreement on the best systolic phase for quantitation of the neoLVOT. Furthermore, a new three-dimensional trans-esophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) based software was developed to serve as filter and or an alternative for patients who cannot have CT due to any contraindication...

Intraoperative acute cardiac tamponade associated with iatrogenic intracardiac perforation from percutaneous interventional cardiac procedures is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication. We report a case of intraoperative acute hemopericardium caused by a left atrial (LA) perforation resulting in cardiac tamponade in a patient undergoing a baffling procedure for the correction of two anomalous pulmonary veins draining into her superior vena cava (SVC) that required continuous pericardiocentesis with autologous blood transfusion via the femoral vein and an emergency intraoperative transfer from the interventional cardiology cath lab to the cardiac operating room for an open sternotomy and primary repair...

BACKGROUND: Echocardiographic grading of mitral regurgitation (MR) in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is challenging. 3D vena contracta area (3D VCA) has been proposed as valuable method. However, data defining the cut-off values of severity and validation in the subset of patients with MVP are scarce. The aim of this study was to validate the 3D VCA by 3D transesophageal color-Doppler echocardiography (3D-TEE) in patients with MVP and to define the cut-off values of severity grading. The secondary aim was to compare 3D VCA to the EROA-PISA method...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Limited data exist on pulsed-field ablation (PFA) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF) undergoing left atrial posterior wall isolation (LAPWI). METHODS: The Advanced TecHnologies For SuccEssful AblatioN of AF in Clinical Practice (ATHENA) prospective registry included consecutive patients referred for PeAF catheter ablation at 9 Italian centers, treated with the FARAPULSETM -PFA system. The primary efficacy and safety study endpoints were the acute LAPWI rate, freedom from arrhythmic recurrences and the incidence of major periprocedural complications...

Editing of 3D raw images acquired during transesophageal echocardiography could be similar to the post processing of raw images with digital software used in photography. 3D image editing in echocardiography is often underestimated in clinical practice, and people are satisfied with the first 3D image they are able to obtain during transesophageal examination. In fact, it is often believed to represent solely an aesthetic addition that does not change the information already obtained with 2D and baseline 3D...

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of heart disease and stroke. Plaque thickness ≥4 mm in the ascending aorta or aortic arch is strongly correlated with cerebral embolic events and ischemic stroke. However, despite imaging workup, the cause of embolic stroke remains unidentified in many patients. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the preferred echocardiographic method for the evaluation of cardiac source of emboli. 2D TEE imaging evaluates aortic root and aortic arch in a single plane or two planes with biplane imaging...

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography-derived right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (EF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) are valuable RV functional markers; nevertheless, they are substantially load-dependent. Global myocardial work index (GMWI) is a novel parameter calculated by the area of the RV pressure-strain loop. By adjusting myocardial deformation to instantaneous pressure, it may reflect contractility. To test this hypothesis, we enrolled 60 patients who underwent RV pressure-conductance catheterization to determine load-independent markers of RV contractility and ventriculo-arterial coupling...

We aimed to evaluate clinical and prognostic significance of myocardial work parameters of the systemic right ventricle (SRV). Thirty-eight patients with the SRV underwent echocardiographic assessment of the SRV systolic function including 3D-echocardiography derived ejection fraction, 2D longitudinal strain and myocardial work analysis. The study endpoint was the combination of all-cause mortality and heart transplantation. Global constructive work (GCW) and global work index (GWI) demonstrated moderate correlation with the 3DE-derived SRV ejection fraction (EF) (Rho 0...

Valvular heart disease is a global health burden with substantial mortality. The left-sided valvular diseases have been extensively described using the robust treatment strategies available. By contrast, the right-sided diseases, particularly the tricuspid valve (TV) and associated regurgitation, still have much to be delineated. Worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with increased mortality; the non-invasive management is suboptimal; and surgical approaches carry significant risk. With advances in multimodality imaging, 3D echocardiography, improved understanding of TV anatomy, and pathophysiological mechanisms of primary and secondary regurgitation, as well as favorable data with transcatheter therapies, the field of TV management is rapidly evolving...

A young female patient presented with complaints of breathlessness and palpitations since 2 years. On clinical examination, there was a loud continuous murmur at the right sternal border.Transthoracic echocardiography and colour Doppler showed a tunnel-like structure originating from the aneurysmal right coronary sinus and opening into the right atrium with left to right shunt. Coronary angiography revealed a large tunnel beginning in right coronary sinus and terminating in the right atrium and right coronary artery (RCA) was seen originating from the tunnel...

AIMS: Novel echocardiographic parameters of right ventricular (RV) function, including speckle-tracking-derived, three-dimensional, and RV-pulmonary artery coupling parameters, have emerged for the evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The relative role of these parameters in the risk stratification of PAH patients is unclear. We compared the performance of multiple RV parameters and sought to establish an optimal model for identifying the risk profile of patients with PAH...

AIMS: Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source (ESUS) results in significant morbidity. A left atrial (LA) myopathy is implicated in a proportion of these patients. We hypothesized that LA shape varies by cause of stroke (cardioembolic versus ESUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: 236 ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF) patients and controls were recruited prospectively. AF was classified as paroxysmal (PAF) or persistent AF (PersAF). Stroke patients comprised cardioembolic stroke (CE) secondary to AF and ESUS...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation (MR) causes left atrial (LA) enlargement and impaired reservoir function. We assessed whether changes in LA size, strain and stiffness in significant (moderate or greater) primary MR are sex-specific. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the 3D Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Prognosis in Mitral Regurgitation study (3D-PRIME), 111 patients with primary MR were prospectively investigated with 2D and 3D echocardiography. MR was severe if the 3D regurgitant fraction was ≥50%...

Cardiac masses are a significant cause of patient morbidity and mortality by virtue of their symptoms and surgical removal. Preoperative diagnosis of a cardiac mass is usually based on clinical correlation and transthoracic echocardiography findings. Myxomas are the most common benign cardiac tumors, commonly occurring in the left atrium attached to the interatrial septum near the fossa ovalis. Although, at times atypical location and unusual morphology may pose a diagnostic dilemma with 2D echocardiography...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Before valvular interventions, echocardiography, especially the TEE or the ventilation/perfusion scan, should be performed to detect silent PTE and set a more accurate treatment and surgical plan. ABSTRACT: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and critical disease that can be caused by mitral stenosis (MS). Some of these patients present with disproportionate PH, which is an uncommon phenomenon and is considered a challenging diagnostic and treatment process...

AIM: Vitamin D deficiency has a high prevalence in the population and is highly associated with cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical left ventricular (LV) function using strain analysis in healthy individuals with vitamin D deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 113 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study (age, 44.1±7 yrs, 34 male). All volunteers underwent two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography after conventional echocardiographic evaluation...

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is gradually becoming an alternative therapy for patients who cannot adapt to surgical treatment or have contraindications. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of echocardiography in the evaluation of severe AR patients treated with TAVR and to analyze the correlations with postprocedural complications to improve the evaluation and screening of patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and echocardiographic data of 70 patients with severe AR...

INTRODUCTION: We described a rare case of an adolescent girl with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation originating from the right atrial appendage diverticulum and successfully converted to sinus rhythm after surgical intervention. METHODS: A 19-year-old girl was referred to the hospital for a catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. conventional radiofrequency ablation using 3-D mapping were ineffective. Activation mapping showed the root of the free wall atrial appendage was first excited and catheter modeling (3D Carto map) showed a sac-like structure...