keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418799/finite-element-model-of-ocular-adduction-with-unconstrained-globe-translation
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Somaye Jafari, Joseph Park, Yongtao Lu, Joseph L Demer
Details of the anatomy and behavior of the structures responsible for human eye movements have been extensively elaborated since the first modern biomechanical models were introduced. Based on these findings, a finite element model of human ocular adduction is developed based on connective anatomy and measured optic nerve (ON) properties, as well as active contractility of bilaminar extraocular muscles (EOMs), but incorporating the novel feature that globe translation is not otherwise constrained so that realistic kinematics can be simulated...
February 28, 2024: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418219/selective-action-prediction-in-infancy-depending-on-linguistic-cues-an-eeg-and-eyetracker-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Colomer M, Zacharaki K, Sebastian-Galles N
Humans' capacity to predict actions and to socially categorize individuals are at the basis of social cognition. Such capacities emerge in early infancy. By 6 months of age infants predict others' reaching actions considering others' epistemic state. At a similar age, infants are biased to attend to and interact with more familiar individuals, considering adult-like social categories such as the language people speak. We report that these two core processes are interrelated early on in infancy. In a belief-based action prediction task, 6-month-old infants (males and females) presented with a native speaker generated online predictions about the agent's actions, as revealed by the activation of participants' sensorimotor areas before the agent's movement...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408872/slowing-of-movements-in-healthy-aging-as-a-rational-economic-response-to-an-elevated-effort-landscape
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erik M Summerside, Robert J Courter, Reza Shadmehr, Alaa A Ahmed
Why do we move slower as we grow older? The reward circuits of the brain, which tend to invigorate movements, decline with aging, raising the possibility that reduced vigor is due to the diminishing value that our brain assigns to movements. However, as we grow older, it also becomes more effortful to make movements. Is age-related slowing principally a consequence of increased effort costs from the muscles, or reduced valuation of reward by the brain? Here, we first quantified the cost of reaching via metabolic energy expenditure in human participants (male and female), and found that older adults consumed more energy than the young at a given speed...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404341/substrip-based-registration-and-automatic-montaging-of-adaptive-optics-retinal-images
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruixue Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Sujin Hoshi, Yuhua Zhang
Precise registration and montage are critical for high-resolution adaptive optics retinal image analysis but are challenged by rapid eye movement. We present a substrip-based method to improve image registration and facilitate the automatic montaging of adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). The program first batches the consecutive images into groups based on a translation threshold and selects an image with minimal distortion within each group as the reference. Within each group, the software divides each image into multiple strips and calculates the Normalized Cross-Correlation with the reference frame using two substrips at both ends of the whole strip to estimate the strip translation, producing a registered image...
February 1, 2024: Biomedical Optics Express
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38401135/the-date-delay-effect-in-intertemporal-choice-a-combined-fmri-and-eye-tracking-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristof Keidel, Rebekka Schröder, Peter Trautner, Alexander Radbruch, Carsten Murawski, Ulrich Ettinger
Temporal discounting, the tendency to devalue future rewards as a function of delay until receipt, is influenced by time framing. Specifically, discount rates are shallower when the time at which the reward is received is presented as a date (date condition; e.g., June 8, 2023) rather than in delay units (delay condition; e.g., 30 days), which is commonly referred to as the date/delay effect. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms of this effect are not well understood. Here, we examined the date/delay effect by analysing combined fMRI and eye-tracking data of N = 31 participants completing a temporal discounting task in both a delay and a date condition...
February 15, 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392433/exploring-the-untapped-potential-of-neuromarketing-in-online-learning-implications-and-challenges-for-the-higher-education-sector-in-europe
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hedda Martina Šola, Fayyaz Hussain Qureshi, Sarwar Khawaja
This research investigates the impact of applying neuromarketing techniques to three practical examples of higher education (HE) branding: an official college website page, an official college Facebook page, and recorded online video lectures used for teaching at HE institutions. The study was conducted in three different HE institutions with a representative sample of 720 participants, with n = 529 used for testing the CARE college website, n = 59 for testing the HAZEF Facebook page, and n = 132 for testing the emotional response of students studying online...
January 23, 2024: Behavioral Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391734/competing-visual-cues-revealed-by-electroencephalography-sensitivity-to-motion-speed-and-direction
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rassam Rassam, Qi Chen, Yan Gai
Motion speed and direction are two fundamental cues for the mammalian visual system. Neurons in various places of the neocortex show tuning properties in term of firing frequency to both speed and direction. The present study applied a 32-channel electroencephalograph (EEG) system to 13 human subjects while they were observing a single object moving with different speeds in various directions from the center of view to the periphery on a computer monitor. Depending on the experimental condition, the subjects were either required to fix their gaze at the center of the monitor while the object was moving or to track the movement with their gaze; eye-tracking glasses were used to ensure that they followed instructions...
February 4, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38390949/can-the-brain-s-thermostatic-mechanism-generate-sleep-wake-and-nrem-rem-sleep-cycles-a-nested-doll-model-of-sleep-regulating-processes
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arcady A Putilov
Evidence is gradually accumulating in support of the hypothesis that a process of thermostatic brain cooling and warming underlies sleep cycles, i.e., the alternations between non-rapid-eye-movement and rapid-eye-movement sleep throughout the sleep phase of the sleep-wake cycle. A mathematical thermostat model predicts an exponential shape of fluctuations in temperature above and below the desired temperature setpoint. If the thermostatic process underlies sleep cycles, can this model explain the mechanisms governing the sleep cyclicities in humans? The proposed nested doll model incorporates Process s generating sleep cycles into Process S generating sleep-wake cycles of the two-process model of sleep-wake regulation...
February 19, 2024: Clocks & Sleep
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388545/vision-driven-metasurfaces-for-perception-enhancement
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianshuo Qiu, Qiang An, Jianqi Wang, Jiafu Wang, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Shiyong Li, Hao Lv, Ming Cai, Jianyi Wang, Lin Cong, Shaobo Qu
Metasurfaces have exhibited unprecedented degree of freedom in manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves and thus provide fantastic front-end interfaces for smart systems. Here we show a framework for perception enhancement based on vision-driven metasurface. Human's eye movements are matched with microwave radiations to extend the humans' perception spectrum. By this means, our eyes can "sense" visual information and invisible microwave information. Several experimental demonstrations are given for specific implementations, including a physiological-signal-monitoring system, an "X-ray-glasses" system, a "glimpse-and-forget" tracking system and a speech reception system for deaf people...
February 22, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369938/a-daytime-nap-with-rem-sleep-is-linked-to-enhanced-generalization-of-emotional-stimuli
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richárd Reichardt, Anna Király, Ágnes Szőllősi, Mihály Racsmány, Péter Simor
How memory representations are shaped during and after their encoding is a central question in the study of human memory. Recognition responses to stimuli that are similar to those observed previously can hint at the fidelity of the memories or point to processes of generalization at the expense of precise memory representations. Experimental studies utilizing this approach showed that emotions and sleep both influence these responses. Sleep, and more specifically rapid eye movement sleep, is assumed to facilitate the generalization of emotional memories...
February 19, 2024: Journal of Sleep Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38352615/the-human-claustrum-tracks-slow-waves-during-sleep
#31
Layton Lamsam, Mingli Liang, Brett Gu, George Sun, Lawrence J Hirsch, Christopher Pittenger, Alfred P Kaye, John H Krystal, Eyiyemisi C Damisah
Slow waves are a distinguishing feature of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, an evolutionarily conserved process critical for brain function. Non-human studies posit that the claustrum, a small subcortical nucleus, coordinates slow waves. We recorded claustrum neurons in humans during sleep. In contrast to neurons from other brain regions, claustrum neurons increased their activity and tracked slow waves during NREM sleep suggesting that the claustrum plays a role in human sleep architecture.
January 30, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351831/a-rare-variation-of-superior-rectus-muscle
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dimo Stoyanov, Meglena Angelova, Dessislava Marinova
The extraocular muscles are responsible for all eye movements required to track and fix objects. Superior rectus muscle is located in the superior level of the orbital cavity, below musculus levator palpebrae superioris, tilted slightly to the lateral part of the orbit. In a routine dissection, we found a left, unilateral variation of the superior rectus muscle with no variation in other structures, such as nerves and vessels. The abnormal muscle presented in two parts - medial and lateral ones. The medial part bifurcated into two heads with different insertion points...
June 30, 2023: Folia Medica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38344008/perceptual-integration-of-bodily-and-facial-emotion-cues-in-chimpanzees-and-humans
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raphaela Heesen, Yena Kim, Mariska E Kret, Zanna Clay
For highly visual species like primates, facial and bodily emotion expressions play a crucial role in emotion perception. However, most research focuses on facial expressions, while the perception of bodily cues is still poorly understood. Using a novel comparative priming eye-tracking design, we examined whether our close primate relatives, the chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ), and humans infer emotions from bodily cues through subsequent perceptual integration with facial expressions. In experiment 1, we primed chimpanzees with videos of bodily movements of unfamiliar conspecifics engaged in social activities of opposite valence ( play and fear ) against neutral control scenes to examine attentional bias toward succeeding congruent or incongruent facial expressions...
February 2024: PNAS Nexus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38341229/macro-and-micro-sleep-dysfunctions-as-translational-biomarkers-for-parkinson-s-disease
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcelo M S Lima, Adriano D S Targa, Gustavo Z Dos Santos Lima, Clarissa F Cavarsan, Pablo Torterolo
Sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and often appear from the early-phase disease or prodromal stages. In this chapter, we will discuss the current evidence addressing the links between sleep dysfunctions in PD, focusing most closely on those data from animal and mathematical/computational models, as well as in human-based studies that explore the electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms by which PD and sleep may be intertwined, whether as predictors or consequences of the disease...
2024: International Review of Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38340426/shedding-light-on-ai-in-radiology-a-systematic-review-and-taxonomy-of-eye-gaze-driven-interpretability-in-deep-learning
#35
REVIEW
José Neves, Chihcheng Hsieh, Isabel Blanco Nobre, Sandra Costa Sousa, Chun Ouyang, Anderson Maciel, Andrew Duchowski, Joaquim Jorge, Catarina Moreira
X-ray imaging plays a crucial role in diagnostic medicine. Yet, a significant portion of the global population lacks access to this essential technology due to a shortage of trained radiologists. Eye-tracking data and deep learning models can enhance X-ray analysis by mapping expert focus areas, guiding automated anomaly detection, optimizing workflow efficiency, and bolstering training methods for novice radiologists. However, the literature shows contradictory results regarding the usefulness of eye-tracking data in deep-learning architectures for abnormality detection...
March 2024: European Journal of Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316562/presaccadic-attention-depends-on-eye-movement-direction-and-is-related-to-v1-cortical-magnification
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nina M Hanning, Marc M Himmelberg, Marisa Carrasco
With every saccadic eye movement, humans bring new information into their fovea to be processed with high visual acuity. Notably, perception is enhanced already before a relevant item is foveated: During saccade preparation, presaccadic attention shifts to the upcoming fixation location, which can be measured via behavioral correlates such as enhanced visual performance or modulations of sensory feature tuning. The coupling between saccadic eye movements and attention is assumed to be robust and mandatory, and considered a mechanism facilitating the integration of pre- and post-saccadic information...
February 5, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38301832/a-personalized-semi-automatic-sleep-spindle-detection-psasd-framework
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
MohammadMehdi Kafashan, Gaurang Gupte, Paul Kang, Orlandrea Hyche, Anhthi Luong, G V Prateek, Yo-El S Ju, Ben Julian A Palanca
BACKGROUND: Sleep spindles are distinct electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of brain activity that have been posited to play a critical role in development, learning, and neurological disorders. Manual scoring for sleep spindles is labor-intensive and tedious but could supplement automated algorithms to resolve challenges posed with either approaches alone. NEW METHODS: A Personalized Semi-Automatic Sleep Spindle Detection (PSASD) framework was developed to combine the strength of automated detection algorithms and visual expertise of human scorers...
January 30, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38296873/-micro-saccade-related-potentials-during-face-recognition-a-study-combining-eeg-eye-tracking-and-deconvolution-modeling
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisa Spiering, Olaf Dimigen
Under natural viewing conditions, complex stimuli such as human faces are typically looked at several times in succession, implying that their recognition may unfold across multiple eye fixations. Although electrophysiological (EEG) experiments on face recognition typically prohibit eye movements, participants still execute frequent (micro)saccades on the face, each of which generates its own visuocortical response. This finding raises the question of whether the fixation-related potentials (FRPs) evoked by these tiny gaze shifts also contain psychologically valuable information about face processing...
January 31, 2024: Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285936/visual-guidance-fine-tunes-probing-movements-of-an-insect-appendage
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sören Kannegieser, Nadine Kraft, Alexa Haan, Anna Stöckl
Visually guided reaching, a regular feature of human life, comprises an intricate neural control task. It includes identifying the target's position in 3D space, passing the representation to the motor system that controls the respective appendages, and adjusting ongoing movements using visual and proprioceptive feedback. Given the complexity of the neural control task, invertebrates, with their numerically constrained central nervous systems, are often considered incapable of this level of visuomotor guidance...
February 6, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285671/the-representation-of-priors-and-decisions-in-the-human-parietal-cortex
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tom R Marshall, Maria Ruesseler, Laurence T Hunt, Jill X O'Reilly
Animals actively sample their environment through orienting actions such as saccadic eye movements. Saccadic targets are selected based both on sensory evidence immediately preceding the saccade, and a "salience map" or prior built-up over multiple saccades. In the primate cortex, the selection of each individual saccade depends on competition between target-selective cells that ramp up their firing rate to saccade release. However, it is less clear how a cross-saccade prior might be implemented, either in neural firing or through an activity-silent mechanism such as modification of synaptic weights on sensory inputs...
January 2024: PLoS Biology
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