clomiphene clomid

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to present data on prevalence of infertility, causes and treatments based on self-reports of a sample of American college alumnae. METHODS: A sample of 3940 American college alumnae, ages 37 to over 70 years, completed a self-administered questionnaire relating to infertility, its causes, treatment and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Of the entire sample (n=3940), 3.1% (n=121) had primary infertility; 14...

Oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) binding site levels were determined using an assay system based upon that of King et al. Endometrial samples were obtained from 49 subfertility patients on clomiphene citrate (Clomid) therapy admitted to hospital for dye laparoscopy. An assay system based on that of Kato and Seto using synthetic androgen R1881 was used to measure androgen receptor (AR) binding sites in endometrial tissue obtained in the above patients. It is concluded that a cyclic variation was observed in ER and PR binding sites in women on Clomid therapy...

A 33-year-old woman treated for infertility with multiple courses of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) presented with the complaint of a rash with every course of the medication. Examination revealed petechiae and palpable purpura on her lower extremities which, histologically, were found to be consistent with a neutrophilic drug reaction. The clinical course of this unusual presentation, as well as a brief review of the neutrophilic dermatoses, are provided.

PURPOSE: It may sometimes be necessary to regulate cycles in assisted reproduction. Cycles can be regulated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRHa) agonist but other methods can also be used. The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy rate in a gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) program in patients receiving a contraceptive pill/Clomid/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) regimen (study group), with the standard Clomid/hMG regime (control group). Fifty one patients in the study group were carefully matched for patient age, infertility diagnosis (female), semen parameters, number of follicles, and number of oocytes transferred into consideration with a control group...

Sterility related to ovarian dystrophy is currently treated by means of standard inductors of ovulation such as Clomid and HMG. In case of failure, patients are recommended in vitro fertilization. In our study of 30 cases of ovarian dystrophy, 9 pregnancies occurred after in vitro fertilization. Slow injections of purified FSH appear to produce similar results but the method is still under evaluation. Our results suggest that after say, two years of failure with classical methods in patients with a long history of sterility, in vitro fertilization may be expected to give good results...

Alterations in the concentrations of oestrogen receptors in the uterus, pituitary gland and hypothalamus during the 2 weeks following a single administration of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) to immature, bilaterally ovariectomized rats were investigated. Examination of the uterine wet weight at 1, 7 and 14 days following a single injection of Clomid (100 micrograms, 250 micrograms or 10 mg) indicated significant time- and dose-related increments from a control value of 45 +/- 2 (S.E.M.) mg to a maximum of 123 +/- 3 mg (250 micrograms dose at 14 days)...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

A midluteal (five to ten days before the onset of the next period) single serum progesterone measurement, used routinely to assess luteal function, revealed, in 48 infertile women, values lower than 10 to 15 ng/ml. Clomid alone or with human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) was used in their treatment. Twenty-six (58%) women successfully conceived on Clomid or Clomid and HCG. Progesterone measurements before and during treatment showed that values of midluteal progesterone increased from a pretreatment mean of +/- SD of 9...

Using basal body temperature and repeated radioimmunological plasma progesterone estimations we monitored the luteal phase in seven patients after the administration of Clomid/hCG, oocyte recovery, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. In six of these women, the transferred embryos did not implant, and they bled 13--16 days after oocyte recovery. Neither the basal body temperature charts nor the plasma progesterone levels provided any indication of a luteal phase defect, being indistinguishable from those obtained in a control group of healthy women during the natural cycle...

Clomiphene citrate (clomid), a nonsteroidal estrogenic compound, was found to be effective in blocking ovulation in rats when scheduled at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg on day 2 or late day 4 of the estrus cycle. Treatment with hCG or prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) concurrently with clomid consistently reversed the antiovulatory effect of clomid. The possible mode of action of clomid in the interruption of ovulation has been discussed.

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The glycogen content, glycogen synthetase level, and glycogen phosphorylase level were studied in endometrial samples obtained from 14 infertile patients during the midluteal phase before and after clomiphene citrate (Clomid, Shionogi & Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan) treatment, simultaneously with measurement of the serum concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. Increase in the endometrial glycogen content in the clomiphene cycle was accompanied by a corresponding increase of the dosage of clomiphene. Also, the midluteal concentrations of estradiol and progesterone in the clomiphene cycle were significantly higher (P less than 0...

Hypothalamic-pituitary function in 62 women with amenorrhea syndrome was evaluated by comparing the response of gonadotropin to GnRH stimulation before and after clomiphene treatment. Each woman was initially tested with an intramuscular injection of 100 microgram GnRH, and then ingested 150 mg of clomiphene daily for 5 consecutive days followed by GnRH test. Fourteen out of 29 patients with 1st grade amenorrhea showed increased baseline LH, FSH and estradiol, and slightly decreased net responses of LH to GnRH after clomiphene administration, indicating that positive and negative estrogen feedback for gonadotropin release is functioning...

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The direct effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid), tamoxifen, and estradiol (E2) on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied in cultured anterior pituitary cells obtained from adult ovariectomized rats. Treatment of pituitary cells with Clomid or enclomid (10(-8) M) in vitro for 2 days resulted in a marked sensitization of the gonadotroph to GnRH as reflected by a 6.5-fold decrease in the ED50 of GnRH in terms of LH release from 2...

In 21 patients with amenorrhea after taking oral contraceptives, the urinary excretion of estrogens and the plasma concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin were determined. In five of these women the amenorrhea was accompanied by galactorrhea. Ten of the 21 patients had had origomenorrhea before contraceptive therapy. The progesterone test was negative in 9 patients and clomiphene test was negative in 10 patients. The urinary excretion of estrogens and plasma LH and FSH values were low normal while the prolactin concentration in group A (amenorrhea without galactorrhea) amounted to 12...

Increasing reports suggest that clomiphene citrate (clomid) is useful in the treatment of idiopathic hypofertile males. Recent studies have advocated low-dose, cyclic therapy (25 mg daily for 25 days, 5 days' rest) and, although significant clinical responses have been reported, the hormone response has been erratic. This study of 53 patients, given high-dose, alternate-day therapy (100 mg three times/week), shows an over-all positive response rate of 66% and a pregnancy rate of 26%. Significant gonadotropin and testosterone surges were seen in the responders, but a selective lack of a follicle-stimulating hormone surge was noted in a small group of nonresponders...

Mid-luteal phase serum progesterone, cortisol, and corticosteroid-binding globulin concentrations were measured in 46 conception cycles and in 19 ovulatory, non-conception cycles in patients with spontaneous ovulation and following ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate (Clomid) or human menopausal gonadotropin. Significant elevations (P less than 0.05) of serum corticosteroid-binding globulin were noted in patients under therapy with Clomid. This effect was not secondary to elevated serum estrogen levels...

The administration of clomiphene citrate (Clomid) 150 mg/day from days 5-9 of the menstrual cycle to spontaneously ovulatory women in order to induce adequate multiple follicular development followed by timed laparoscopic aspiration of mature oocytes does not appear to impair luteal phase length or the steroid pattern of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) or progesterone (P) production as reflected by their peripheral blood concentrations. In Clomid stimulated cycles where preovular oocyte pickup (OPU) and embryo transfer (ET) occurred but no recognizable pregnancy resulted, the cycle length was 30...