Pseudo-obstruction

UNLABELLED: Kocuria kristinae is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, rarely responsible for infection in immunocompromised patients. A 29-year-old woman affected by intestinal pseudo-obstruction and requiring home parenteral nutrition, was hospitalised for fever and shivering during the infusion through a long-term central venous catheter (CVC). Blood cultures were positive for K. kristinae infection. At a chest CT scan, two partially cavitated nodular lesions were evidenced. Meropenem antibiotic therapy was used locally and systemically, resulting in catheter use restoration...

The clinical presentation of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases beyond eosinophilic esophagitis (non-EoE EGIDs) varies depending on the gastrointestinal segments affected by the eosinophilic inflammation, the extent of eosinophilic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract and its depth through the bowel wall. Non-EoE EGIDs with mucosal involvement tend to present with diarrhea, malabsorption, and sometimes bleeding, those with muscular involvement may present with symptoms of obstruction or pseudo-obstruction, intussusception, and even perforation, whereas those with serosal involvement may present with eosinophilic ascites...

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is a rare intractable disease with limited treatment options. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) often co-occurs with several diseases, including CIPO. While rifaximin (RFX) is effective in treating SIBO, its efficacy for CIPO remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of RFX in adult patients with CIPO. Twelve patients were randomly assigned to receive RFX (400 mg three times daily, n=8) or a placebo (PBO, n=4) for 4 weeks...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). NEPC is becoming more frequent. It can initially manifest as PNS, complicating diagnosis. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the different PNS associated with NEPC. We systematically reviewed English-language articles from January 2017 to September 2023, identifying 17 studies meeting PRISMA guidelines for NEPC and associated PNS...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is an uncommon phenomenon that is especially rare in young patients and can result in bowl ischemia and perforation if left untreated. Furthermore, pneumoperitoneum is almost always a concerning imaging finding and in the context of recent colonic resection may be a sign of anastomotic leakage. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a young female patient with postpartum ACPO who subsequently underwent a hemicolectomy with colorectal anastomosis...

The megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS), also known as Berdon syndrome, is a rare congenital condition that falls within the spectrum of visceral myopathies. It is characterized by the presence of megacystis, microcolon, and hypoperistalsis, which are secondary to gastrointestinal and urinary system dysmotility. It is frequently associated with other alterations in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Although it is possible to make the diagnosis in the prenatal period, most cases are diagnosed after birth through genetic and imaging studies...

The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls gastrointestinal (GI) motility, and defects in ENS development underlie pediatric GI motility disorders. In disorders such as Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO), and intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B (INDB), ENS structure is altered with noted decreased neuronal density in HSCR and reports of increased neuronal density in PIPO and INDB. The developmental origin of these structural deficits is not fully understood. Here, we review the current understanding of ENS development and pediatric GI motility disorders incorporating new data on ENS structure...

Idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is associated with intestinal inflammation and malabsorption and may cause serum vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to assess whether there is an association between idiopathic CIPO and serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D. Consecutive patients with confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic CIPO were prospectively enrolled and matched with healthy controls by gender, age, and BMI. Median serum level of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D of patients with CIPO was compared with that of healthy subjects using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched samples...

BACKGROUND: Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) is a functional bowel obstruction characterised by colonic dilatation in the absence of mechanical obstruction on imaging. Complications include bowel ischaemia, perforation and death. The aim of this study was to explore outcomes for patients treated for ACPO and to assess adherence to current ACPO treatment guidelines. METHODS: This is a retrospective service evaluation and included patients with a diagnosis of ACPO between 1 March 2018 and 31 March 2023...

The management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is challenging as the medications involved, often atypical antipsychotics, have a host of associated adverse effects. While complications such as agranulocytosis are well established and necessitate close hematological monitoring, the gastrointestinal effects of particular atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, are recognized to a lesser extent. The following case of TRS leading to chronic treatment-resistant pseudo-obstruction, eventually requiring total colectomy, highlights the considerable sequelae of clozapine on the gastrointestinal tract...

Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic sclerosis can be severe, reaching the critical point of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, secondary to major disorders of small bowel motility. It is associated with some clinical and biological characteristics, in particular the positivity of anti-fibrillarin/U3RNP antibodies. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is complicated by a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth that requires cyclic antibiotic therapy. CIPO leads to a reduction of the food intake, due to painful symptoms, nausea and vomiting caused by meals, and ultimately to severe malnutrition...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

UNLABELLED: MELAS - an acronym for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes - is a multiorgan disease caused by a mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Its clinical manifestations are highly variable; mainly stroke-like episodes, seizures, recurrent headaches, or muscle weakness. However, gastrointestinal complications such as chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO), pancreatitis, gastroparesis and hepatopathy are also common. In this report we describe a young patient with gastrointestinal complication of MELAS which led to superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS)...

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is prevalent in patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and possibly reduced by disease modifying treatment (DMT) such as nusinersen. We hypothesized that some obstructive events may in fact be pseudo-obstructive, reflecting the imbalance of chest wall weakness with preserved diaphragmatic function, rather than true upper airway obstruction. If confirmed, these events could represent SMA-specific outcome measures. We aimed to report on the pattern observed in respiratory polygraphies (PG) in paediatric patients with SMA type 2 resembling obstructive SDB...

The varicella-zoster virus reactivates to cause herpes zoster, commonly referred to as shingles. Shingles traditionally manifest as itchy vesicles in a dermatomal distribution, accompanied by related constitutional symptoms in immunocompetent patients. Usually, the rash resolves completely in seven to ten days. Herpetic neuralgia is the most typical herpes zoster consequence. Around 1% to 5% of individuals have motor impairments, with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome being the most prevalent ailment. Additional problems encompass abdominal pseudohernia, paralytic ileus/colonic pseudo-obstruction, hemidiaphragm paralysis, bladder dysfunction, localized paresis, constipation, and visceral neuropathy...

Ileus and pseudo-obstruction are clinical syndromes that are among the most common postoperative complications. Identifying an effective treatment approach for these conditions is essential. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Dimethicone on preventing ileus in patients with pelvic and femoral fractures. This study was conducted on 120 patients, with 60 individuals in the Dimethicone group and 60 individuals in the control group. After recording demographic information and clinical notes, bowel movements and defecation after surgery were also recorded...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO) is a rare disease characterized by symptoms and radiological signs suggestive of intestinal obstruction, in the absence of lumen-occluding lesions. It results from an extremely severe impairment of propulsive motility. The intestinal endocrine system (IES) jointly with the enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates secreto-motor functions via different hormones and bioactive messengers/neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (or serotonin) is linked to intestinal peristalsis and secretory reflexes...

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction or Ogilvie's syndrome is a disorder causing massive colonic dilation with no evidence of mechanical obstruction. The actual incidence of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is unclear; However, electrolyte imbalance, psychiatric disorders, the use of medications such as anticholinergics or antipsychotics, and recent abdominal surgery are the most common predisposing factors associated with this syndrome. Ogilvie's syndrome is most likely caused due to impairment of the gut's motor system and an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system including a reduction in the activity of stimulatory neurotransmitters...

Patients who present with nausea, vomiting, constipation, and abdominal pain typically undergo workups for small bowel obstruction (SBO). SBO is commonly caused by mechanical obstruction due to adhesions, inflammatory conditions, or malignancies. Hypothyroidism is primarily associated with decreased basal metabolic rate and rarely, in severe cases, gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. We report a case of a 44-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting...