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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shmuel P Reis, Hedy S Wald
BACKGROUND: The report of the Lancet Commission on medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust, released in November 2023, calls for this history to be required for all health professions education, to foster morally courageous health professionals who speak up when necessary. MAIN BODY: The report was released a month after Hamas' October 7 invasion of Israel, with the accompanying massacre of over 1200 people, taking of civilian hostages, and gender-based violence. These acts constitute crimes against humanity including genocide...
April 12, 2024: Israel Journal of Health Policy Research
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Winston Dunn, Yanming Li, Ashwani K Singal, Douglas A Simonetto, Luis A Díaz, Francisco Idalsoaga, Gustavo Ayares, Jorge Arnold, María Ayala-Valverde, Diego Perez, Jaime Gomez, Rodrigo Escarate, Eduardo Fuentes-López, Carolina Ramirez-Cadiz, Dalia Morales-Arraez, Wei Zhang, Steve Qian, Joseph C Ahn, Seth Buryska, Heer Mehta, Nicholas Dunn, Muhammad Waleed, Horia Stefanescu, Andreea Bumbu, Adelina Horhat, Bashar Attar, Rohit Agrawal, Joaquín Cabezas, Victor Echavaría, Berta Cuyàs, Maria Poca, German Soriano, Shiv K Sarin, Rakhi Maiwall, Prasun K Jalal, Fátima Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Anand V Kulkarni, P Nagaraja Rao, Patricia Guerra-Salazar, Lubomir Skladaný, Natália Kubánek, Veronica Prado, Ana Clemente-Sanchez, Diego Rincon, Tehseen Haider, Kristina R Chacko, Gustavo A Romero, Florencia D Pollarsky, Juan C Restrepo, Luis G Toro, Pamela Yaquich, Manuel Mendizabal, Maria L Garrido, Sebastián Marciano, Melisa Dirchwolf, Victor Vargas, César Jiménez, David Hudson, Guadalupe García-Tsao, Guillermo Ortiz, Juan G Abraldes, Patrick S Kamath, Marco Arrese, Vijay H Shah, Ramon Bataller, Juan P Arab
BACKGROUND AIMS: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) poses significant short-term mortality. Existing prognostic models lack precision for 90-day mortality. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in a global cohort, we sought to derive and validate an enhanced prognostic model. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The Global AlcHep initiative, a retrospective study across 23 centers in 12 countries, enrolled AH patients per NIAAA criteria. Centers were partitioned into derivation (11 centers, 860 patients) and validation cohorts (12 centers, 859 patients)...
April 12, 2024: Hepatology: Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Varalakshmi Manchana, Srujan Vineet Gannavarapu
BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a unique phase of life, facilitates the transition of a child to an adult, and thus is characterized with distinctive challenges as well as potentialities. Gender socialization during adolescence is shaped by the family, culture, and social construct results to development of attitudes, with more consistent and organized vision toward self and the society. AIM: The present study aims to identify the gender attitudes, perceived gender role, and gender discrimination among adolescents...
February 2024: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph A Belloir, Ipek Ensari, Kasey Jackman, Ari Shechter, Anisha Bhargava, Walter O Bockting, Billy A Caceres
OBJECTIVE: To determine the day-to-day associations between minority stressors (i.e., anticipated and experienced discrimination) and sleep health outcomes (i.e., total sleep time (TST), sleep disturbances, and sleep-related impairment) among sexual and gender minority (SGM) people of color. METHOD: An online sample of SGM people of color living in the United States participated in a 30-day daily diary study. Daily anticipated and experienced discrimination as well as subjective sleep outcomes were assessed via electronic diaries using validated measures...
April 11, 2024: Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dallis Alvarez, Harry Adynski, Rebeca Harris, Baiming Zou, Jacquelyn Y Taylor, Hudson P Santos
BACKGROUND: Discrimination, or unfair treatment based on individual characteristics such as gender, race, skin color, and or sexual orientation, is a pervasive social stressor that perpetuates health disparities by limiting social and economic opportunity and is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. AIMS: The purpose of the present study is to (1) examine the association between maternal experiences of discrimination and paternal experiences of discrimination; (2) explore how discrimination relates to parental (maternal and paternal) stress and depressive symptoms; and (3) examine whether social support exerts protective effects...
April 11, 2024: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jingjing Huang, Zhujian Wang, Fang Shi, Haitao Wu
Objectives: Polysomnography was class I test for who was suspected of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which would cost lots of time and money. This study aimed to develop a nomogram model mainly based on oxygen and blood routine indicators to predict OSA. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 685 patients with suspected OSA at our hospital. Multivariate analysis was used to construct a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using calibration and discrimination. Results: The multivariate analysis identified age, gender, body mass index, mean pulse oxygen saturation, percent nighttime with oxygen saturation less than 90%, red blood cell, hematocrit, and red blood cell distribution width SD as significant factors ( P < ...
April 10, 2024: Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jayantika Chakraborty, Sampurna Kundu
Discrimination is harmful action taken against individuals or groups to protect customary relations of power and privilege. Older adults are particularly vulnerable to experiences of discrimination that adversely affect their quality of life. We use data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study of India (LASI; Wave 1; 2017-2018) to examine different contextual forces that shape the experiences of discrimination in older adults in India, specifically gender, caste, and economic condition. We used the theory of intersectionality to hypothesize that economic condition, caste, and gender combine uniquely to engender perceived discrimination in older adults...
April 10, 2024: BMC Psychology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Zi Nie, Xu Zhang, Ning-Wei Hong, Chao Zhou, Qian-Qian Huang, Shu-Yan Cao, Chen Wang
Well-being is one of the central topics in psychology, and research on this topic has shifted from emotional experiences to flourishing life in recent years. Seligman's PERMA model is a prominent theory in this shift. However, this model is proposed in Western culture and has yet to be empirically validated in the Chinese context. The present research aims to examine the applicability of the five-dimension PERMA-Profiler in Chinese culture, which has been developed based on the PERMA model. A sample of 1468 Chinese adults participated in the research...
April 9, 2024: Acta Psychologica
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaniece Criss, Melanie Kim, Monica M De La Cruz, Nhung Thai, Quynh C Nguyen, Thu T Nguyen
INTRODUCTION: Racism is a critical social determinant of health because it can have a direct impact on health and well-being, as well as infiltrate systems, policies, and practices. Few studies have explored the similarities and differences of experiences with racism and health between different minoritized groups. The objective of this paper is to examine how racism influences life experiences from the perspectives of Asian & Pacific Islander, Black, Latina, and Middle Eastern women...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea S Richardson, Tamara Dubowitz, Kirsten M M Beyer, Yuhong Zhou, Kiarri N Kershaw, Waverly Duck, Feifei Ye, Robin Beckman, Penny Gordon-Larsen, James M Shikany, Catarina Kiefe
INTRODUCTION: Historical maps of racialized evaluation of mortgage lending risk (i.e., redlined neighborhoods) have been linked to adverse health outcomes. Little research has examined whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with obesity, differentially by race or gender. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study to examine whether living in historically redlined neighborhoods is associated with BMI and waist circumference among Black and White adults in 1985-1986...
June 2024: AJPM Focus
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathleen K Miller, Laura Hooper, Sarah M Kaja
While physical activity (PA) is a strong protective factor for adolescents, many youth experience discrimination and intimidation in traditional fitness spaces. This is especially true for youth of color, youth in larger bodies, and transgender youth. This manuscript describes the development of Move and Thrive, an online resource for PA promotion designed specifically for adolescents prioritizing inclusivity and diversity. Working with Community and Youth Advisory Boards, we developed guiding principles of Move and Thrive: to create resources that are 1) youth and community driven; 2) inclusive of diverse representation; 3) body and weight neutral; 4) trauma informed; and 5) accessible...
April 8, 2024: Health Promotion Practice
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sherri-Ann M Burnett-Bowie, Nicole C Wright, Elaine W Yu, Lisa Langsetmo, Gabby M H Yearwood, Carolyn J Crandall, William D Leslie, Jane A Cauley
Using race and ethnicity in clinical algorithms potentially contributes to health inequities. The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Professional Practice Committee convened the ASBMR Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk to determine the impact of race and ethnicity adjustment in the US Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (US-FRAX). The Task Force engaged the University of Minnesota Evidence-based Practice Core to conduct a systematic review investigating the performance of US-FRAX for predicting incident fractures over 10 years in Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White individuals...
April 9, 2024: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica E Lambert, Wilber Karugahe, Peter K Baguma
Background: Research indicates refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), particularly females, have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared to the global norm for conflict-affected populations. Objective: This study aimed to unpack gender differences in the mental health of Congolese refugees by examining specific risk (trauma exposure, adaptation challenges, and discrimination) and protective factors (marital status, literacy, and social resources) in relation to posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression...
2024: European Journal of Psychotraumatology
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Videholm, Sven Arne Silfverdal, Per E Gustafsson
BACKGROUND: It is well known that socially deprived children are more likely to be hospitalised for infections. Less is known about how different social disadvantages interact. Therefore, we examine intersectional inequalities in overall, upper respiratory, lower respiratory, enteric and genitourinary infections in the first 5 years of life. METHODS: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study of Swedish children born between 1998 and 2015. Inequalities were examined using analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy as the analytical framework...
April 8, 2024: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin, Shaima Zohair Arab, Alexis Heng Boon Chin
In recent years, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) of IVF embryos have gained much traction in clinical assisted reproduction for preventing various genetic defects, including Down syndrome. However, such genetic tests inevitably reveal the sex of IVF embryos by identifying the sex (X and Y) chromosomes. In many countries with less stringent IVF regulations, information on the sex of embryos that are tested to be genetically normal is readily shared with patients. This would thus present Muslim patients with unintended opportunities for sex selection based on personal or social biases without any pressing need or valid medical reason...
April 2024: Asian Bioethics Review
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ning Zhang, Shuning Chen, Keying Jiang, Wei Ge, Hohjin Im, Shunping Guan, Zixi Li, Chuqiao Wei, Pinchun Wang, Ye Zhu, Guang Zhao, Liqing Liu, Chunhui Chen, Huibin Chang, Qiang Wang
Machine learning is an emerging tool in clinical psychology and neuroscience for the individualized prediction of psychiatric symptoms. However, its application in non-clinical populations is still in its infancy. Given the widespread morphological changes observed in psychiatric disorders, our study applies five supervised machine learning regression algorithms-ridge regression, support vector regression, partial least squares regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and Elastic-Net regression-to predict anxiety and depressive symptom scores...
April 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle V Dietz, Gerjon Hannink, Ibrahim Said, Femke A van der Zant, Vincent C J van de Vlasakker, Alexandra R M Brandt-Kerkhof, Cornelis Verhoef, Andreas J A Bremers, Johannes H W de Wilt, Patrick H J Hemmer, Ignace H J T de Hingh, Philip R de Reuver, Eva V E Madsen
INTRODUCTION: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improves survival outcomes for selected patients with colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM), but recurrence rates are high. The aim of this study was to develop a tool to predict recurrence in patients with colorectal PM that undergo CRS-HIPEC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this retrospective cohort study, data of patients that underwent CRS-HIPEC for colorectal PM from four Dutch HIPEC centers were used...
April 4, 2024: European Journal of Surgical Oncology
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruihua Li, Shuohao Shen, Jianjun Jiang, Yang Liu
BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for pulmonary embolism (PE) has been reported in several retrospective studies. The purpose of this investigation was to perform a pooled analysis and external validation of predictive value of NLR. MATERIAL AND METHOD: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to November 5, 2022. A random effects model was used. Grade was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. External validation was conducted in clinical cohorts before and after a propensity scoring matching (PSM)...
April 4, 2024: Annals of Vascular Surgery
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda Rohde, Colleen King Goode
BACKGROUND: LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans-gender, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual), and gender-nonconforming (GNC) individuals have limited access to quality care, leading to health disparities. Lack of training and implicit bias are significant contributors to discrimination. Nursing schools must provide opportunities for student interaction with vulnerable populations, and interacting with transgender and GNC individuals during clinical experiences may be challenging...
April 2024: Journal of Nursing Education
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shalini Gupta, Stella Howden, Mandy Moffat, Lindsey Pope, Cate Kennedy
BACKGROUND: Gender bias is an enduring issue in the medical profession despite women being more represented within medical schools and the health care workforce in numerous countries across the world. There have been frequent calls for further exploration of gender-based discriminations within medical education, owing to its lasting impact on student's professional development and career trajectories. This paper presents an ethnographic exploration of the experiences of female medical students and doctors in the clinical learning environment (CLE), aiming to disrupt the cycle of gender inequity in the clinical workplace...
April 6, 2024: Medical Education
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