keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542152/the-role-of-gut-microbiota-in-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder
#21
REVIEW
Shi-Qi Yao, Xiayin Yang, Ling-Ping Cen, Shaoying Tan
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. In addition to immune factors, T cells recognizing the AQP4 epitope showed cross-reactivity with homologous peptide sequences in C. perfringens proteins, suggesting that the gut microbiota plays an integral role in the pathogenicity of NMOSD. In this review, we summarize research on the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of NMOSD and its possible pathogenic mechanisms...
March 9, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38542090/abcg2-expression-as-a-potential-survival-predictor-in-human-gliomas
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marina Raguž, Marko Tarle, Danko Müller, Čedna Tomasović-Lončarić, Hana Chudy, Tonko Marinović, Darko Chudy
Gliomas are notably challenging to treat due to their invasive nature and resistance to conventional therapies. The ABCG2 protein has attracted attention for its role in multidrug resistance, complicating treatment effectiveness. This study scrutinized the relationship between ABCG2 expression and glioma grade and the role of ABCG2 in the process of glioma progression, aiming to evaluate ABCG2 expression as a predictive factor of tumor progression and patient survival. Conducted at Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia, the study analyzed 152 glioma specimens from 2013 to 2022, assessing ABCG2 expression alongside standard clinical markers...
March 8, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540776/exploring-sva-insertion-polymorphisms-in-shaping-differential-gene-expressions-in-the-central-nervous-system
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lauren S Hughes, Alexander Fröhlich, Abigail L Pfaff, Vivien J Bubb, John P Quinn, Sulev Kõks
Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive elements which make up around 45% of the human genome. A class of TEs, known as SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA), demonstrate the capacity to mobilise throughout the genome, resulting in SVA polymorphisms for their presence or absence within the population. Although studies have previously highlighted the involvement of TEs within neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the exact mechanism has yet to be identified. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing data of ALS patients and healthy controls from the New York Genome Centre ALS Consortium to elucidate the influence of reference SVA elements on gene expressions genome-wide within central nervous system (CNS) tissues...
March 17, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540294/macroscopic-and-microscopic-cerebral-findings-in-drug-and-alcohol-abusers-the-point-of-view-of-the-forensic-pathologist
#24
REVIEW
Angelo Montana, Letizia Alfieri, Margherita Neri, Denise Piano, Eva Renier, Matteo Marti, Marco Palpacelli, Giuseppe Basile, Giovanni Tossetta, Francesco Paolo Busardò
Drug abuse still represents a significant challenge for forensic pathologists; it must always be considered during the autopsy examination when the brain morphological alterations observed are not characteristic of any known disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Nonetheless, no specific brain lesions had been found to characterize the precise drug that caused the poisoning. In fact, a broad spectrum of changes affecting the CNS are seen in drug abusers. Thus, forensic pathology plays a key role in identifying the encephalic morphological alterations underlying the death...
March 19, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540139/interferon-lambda-signaling-restrains-experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Asif Sherwani, Samuel J Duesman, Zdenek Hel, Chander Raman, Nabiha Yusuf
IFN-λ is a type III interferon (IFN) with pleiotropic functions in modulating immune responses. To address its function in autoimmune neuroinflammation, we evaluated the development and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in IFNLR1KO (Ifnlr1 -/- ) and C57Bl/6 (WT) mice following immunization with MOG3 5-55 peptide. The results show that Ifnlr1 -/- mice developed significantly more severe EAE than WT littermates with a similar day of onset, suggesting the potential of IFN-λ in reducing disease severity...
February 26, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539859/nitrooxidative-stress-and-neuroinflammation-caused-by-air-pollutants-are-associated-with-the-biological-markers-of-neurodegenerative-diseases
#26
REVIEW
Abraham Alberto Ramírez-Mendoza, María Luisa Mendoza-Magaña, Mario Alberto Ramírez-Herrera, Zamira Helena Hernández-Nazara, José Alfredo Domínguez-Rosales
Millions of people around the world are exposed to air pollutants, such as particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5 ) and ozone (O3 ). Such exposure usually does not exclude these two types of pollutants and their harmful effects could be additive or synergistic. O3 is a highly oxidizing gas that reacts with the cellular environment just as PM2.5 , triggering nitrooxidative damage. Once nitrooxidative stress overcomes the endogenous antioxidant system, an acute neuroinflammatory process is generated, and once it becomes chronic, it favors the formation of neurodegenerative disease markers...
March 7, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539637/hypnotic-modulation-of-autonomic-nervous-system-ans-activity
#27
REVIEW
Giuseppe De Benedittis
Hypnosis, a time-honored therapeutic approach, has gained widespread recognition for its effectiveness in addressing a range of psychological and somatic disorders. While its primary effects are mediated by central top-down mechanisms, hypnosis also exerts peripheral influence by modulating the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Psychophysiological measures, such as heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV), electrodermal activity (EDA), respiratory rate (RR), and the analgesia nociceptive index (ANI), serve as reliable indicators of ANS activity...
March 4, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539617/artificial-intelligence-as-a-complementary-tool-for-clincal-decision-making-in-stroke-and-epilepsy
#28
REVIEW
Smit P Shah, John D Heiss
Neurology is a quickly evolving specialty that requires clinicians to make precise and prompt diagnoses and clinical decisions based on the latest evidence-based medicine practices. In all Neurology subspecialties-Stroke and Epilepsy in particular-clinical decisions affecting patient outcomes depend on neurologists accurately assessing patient disability. Artificial intelligence [AI] can predict the expected neurological impairment from an AIS [Acute Ischemic Stroke], the possibility of ICH [IntraCranial Hemorrhage] expansion, and the clinical outcomes of comatose patients...
February 28, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538326/myelin-lesion-in-the-aspartoacylase-aspa-knockout-rat-an-animal-model-for-canavan-disease
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuji Takeda, Rika Hoshiai, Miyuu Tanaka, Takeshi Izawa, Jyoji Yamate, Takashi Kuramoto, Mitsuru Kuwamura
Canavan disease (CD) is a fatal hereditary neurological disorder caused by a mutation in the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene and characterized by neurological signs and vacuolation in the central nervous system (CNS). The mutation inhibits the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) resulting in accumulation of NAA in the CNS. A new Aspa-knockout rat was generated by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology. Herein we describe the pathological and morphometrical findings in the brain and spinal cords of Aspa-knockout rats...
March 28, 2024: Experimental Animals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537720/endoplasmic-reticulum-stress-response-in-immune-cells-contributes-to-experimental-autoimmune-encephalomyelitis-pathogenesis-in-rats
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sasenka Vidicevic, Jelena Tasic, Zeljka Stanojevic, Darko Ciric, Tamara Martinovic, Verica Paunovic, Sasa Petricevic, Nina Tomonjic, Aleksandra Isakovic, Vladimir Trajkovic
We examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the ensuing unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of the central nervous system (CNS)-directed immune response in the rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). The induction of EAE with syngeneic spinal cord homogenate in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) caused a time-dependent increase in the expression of ER stress/UPR markers glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the draining lymph nodes of both EAE-susceptible Dark Agouti (DA) and EAE-resistant Albino Oxford (AO) rats...
March 25, 2024: Immunology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537387/apoe-and-alzheimer-s-disease-pathologic-clues-from-transgenic-drosophila-melanogaster
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Haddadi, Mehrnaz Haghi, Niloofar Rezaei, Zahra Kiani, Taha Akkülah, Arzu Celik
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the main genetic risk factor in the development of late-onset AD. However, the exact mechanism underlying ApoE4-mediated neurodegeneration remains unclear. We utilized Drosophila melanogaster to examine the neurotoxic effects of various human APOE isoforms when expressed specifically in glial and neural cells. We assessed impacts on mitochondrial dynamics, ER stress, lipid metabolism, and bio-metal ion concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) of the transgenic flies...
March 20, 2024: Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537203/68ga-dotanoc-pet-ct-in-2-siblings-with-von-hippel-lindau-disease
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Priyanka G B, Nishikant Avinash Damle, Ravindranath Reddy K, Nikhil Tandon, Priyanka Naranje, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, Kishan Subudhi
Von Hippel-Lindau disease is a rare multisystem disorder that shows autosomal dominant inheritance. It is a cancer syndrome that is characterized by the development of a variety of benign and malignant tumors-CNS hemangioblastomas, retinal angiomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, renal cysts and tumors, pancreatic cysts and tumors, adrenal pheochromocytomas, and epididymal cystadenomas. Here we present the 68Ga-labeled DOTANOC scans of 2 siblings who show an interesting spectrum of findings consistent with Von Hippel-Lindau disease...
March 25, 2024: Clinical Nuclear Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536455/matching-proposed-clinical-and-mri-criteria-of-aggressive-multiple-sclerosis-to-serum-and-cerebrospinal-fluid-markers-of-neuroaxonal-and-glial-injury
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martin A Schaller-Paule, Michelle Maiworm, Jan Hendrik Schäfer, Lucie Friedauer, Elke Hattingen, Katharina Johanna Wenger, Frank Weber, Jasmin Jakob, Falk Steffen, Stefan Bittner, Yavor Yalachkov, Christian Foerch
BACKGROUND: Definitions of aggressive MS employ clinical and MR imaging criteria to identify highly active, rapidly progressing disease courses. However, the degree of overlap between clinical and radiological parameters and biochemical markers of CNS injury is not fully understood. Aim of this cross-sectional study was to match clinical and MR imaging hallmarks of aggressive MS to serum/CSF markers of neuroaxonal and astroglial injury (neurofilament light chain (sNfL, cNfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP, cGFAP))...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536200/incidence-risk-factors-and-outcome-of-asymptomatic-central-nervous-system-involvement-in-adult-patients-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marijana Virijevic, Nada Kraguljac-Kurtovic, Mirjana Mitrovic, Ljubomir Jakovic, Zoran Bukumuric, Nikola Pantic, Nikica Sabljic, Zlatko Pravdic, Mirjana Cvetkovic, Vesna Knezevic, Tijana Dragovic-Ivancevic, Irena Djunić, Jovan Rajic, Violeta Milosevic, Milena Todorovic-Balint, Ana Vidovic, Nada Suvajdzic-Vukovic
Examination of central nervous system (CNS) involvement is not routine diagnostic practice in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, many asymptomatic patients with CNS involvement might go undetected. The effect of CNS involvement on the AML disease course is not well defined, with conflicting results regarding clinical outcome. This study aimed to determine the incidence of asymptomatic CNS involvement in AML estimated by multiparametric flow cytometry of cerebrospinal fluid (MFC-CSF) at diagnosis, the related potential risk factors, and prognosis...
March 2024: Hematological Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536197/adamts5-promotes-permeability-of-the-blood-brain-barrier-during-treponema-pallidum-subspecies-pallidum-invading-the-central-nervous-system
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zuoxi Chen, Fangzhi Du, Ruihua Zhang, Qingyun Wu, Zhiyu Lu, Rui-Li Zhang, Qianqiu Wang
The pathogenesis of neurosyphilis remains unclear. A previous study found a noteworthy up-regulation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5 (ADAMTS5) gene in human brain microvascular endothelial cells cocultured with Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (Tp). To investigate the ADAMTS5 role in Tp invading the central nervous system (CNS), we conducted relevant experiments. Our study revealed that Tp caused an increase in human cortical microvascular endothelial cell/D3 (hCMEC/D3) barrier permeability and significantly enhanced ADAMTS5 expression...
March 27, 2024: ACS Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535789/real-life-treatment-outcome-of-botulinum-toxin-a-injection-on-overactive-bladder-and-voiding-dysfunction-in-patients-with-central-nervous-system-lesions
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuan-Hong Jiang, Jia-Fong Jhang, Sheng-Fu Chen, Hann-Chorng Kuo
PURPOSE: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is common in patients with neurological lesions in the central nervous system (CNS). Medical treatment usually cannot adequately relieve NLUTD. This study reported the real-life treatment outcome of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for overactive bladders (OAB) and voiding dysfunction in patients with CNS lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the first-time treatment outcome of 74 patients who received detrusor 100 U BoNT-A for OAB and 45 patients who received a urethral sphincter 100 U BoNT-A injection for voiding dysfunction...
March 1, 2024: Toxins
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535559/current-role-of-surgery-in-the-treatment-of-neurocysticercosis
#37
REVIEW
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Luiz Fernando Norcia, Agnès Fleury, Marco Antônio Zanini
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in low- and middle-income countries. The infection is pleomorphic, caused by the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium , and part of the heterogeneity of its clinical presentations is associated with the localization of the parasite within the CNS. Changes in the current epidemiological trends of NCC indicate that extra-parenchymal NCC is proportionally becoming more frequent. Extraparenchymal NCC is commonly accompanied by raised intracranial hypertension due to hydrocephalus, which is an emergency requiring cyst extirpation by surgical intervention to relieve the symptoms...
February 29, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534984/clinical-research-into-central-nervous-system-inflammatory-demyelinating-diseases-related-to-covid-19-vaccines
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei-Yun Cheng, Hsuan-Chen Ho, Jung-Lung Hsu, Yi Wang, Linyi Chen, Siew-Na Lim, Ming-Feng Liao, Long-Sun Ro
Various vaccines have been developed in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the safety of vaccines has become an important issue. COVID-19 vaccine-related central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs) have been reported recently. We present one case of AstraZeneca vaccine-related myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease and a literature review of another 78 patients published from January 2020 to October 2022. Patients were divided into three vaccine types (viral vector, mRNA, and inactivated vaccines) for further analyses...
March 20, 2024: Diseases (Basel)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534769/deciphering-glioblastoma-fundamental-and-novel-insights-into-the-biology-and-therapeutic-strategies-of-gliomas
#39
REVIEW
Razvan Onciul, Felix-Mircea Brehar, Corneliu Toader, Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Luca-Andrei Glavan, Bogdan-Gabriel Bratu, Horia Petre Costin, David-Ioan Dumitrascu, Matei Serban, Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
Gliomas constitute a diverse and complex array of tumors within the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a wide range of prognostic outcomes and responses to therapeutic interventions. This literature review endeavors to conduct a thorough investigation of gliomas, with a particular emphasis on glioblastoma (GBM), beginning with their classification and epidemiological characteristics, evaluating their relative importance within the CNS tumor spectrum. We examine the immunological context of gliomas, unveiling the intricate immune environment and its ramifications for disease progression and therapeutic strategies...
March 13, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534751/testosterone-inhibits-secretion-of-the-pro-inflammatory-chemokine-cxcl1-from-astrocytes
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Malgorzata Turniak-Kusy, Maciej Studzian, Piotr Szpakowski, Piotr Kuchta, Kaja Smietanka, Claudia Mattern, Lukasz Pulaski, Bartosz Bielecki
Astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory response in the CNS, e.g., in demyelinating diseases. Since the chemokine CXCL1 is known to be secreted by astrocytes and to have a pro-inflammatory effect on immune cells in the CNS, we verified the effect of testosterone on its secretion in vitro (in the astrocytic cell line DI TNC1). Testosterone reduced the increase in CXCL1 production caused by the pro-inflammatory agent lysophosphatidylcholine and restored the basal production level of CXCL1...
March 6, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
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