High iron levels

The electrochemical reduction of oxidized nitrogen species enables a pathway for the carbon neutral synthesis of ammonia (NH3 ). The most oxidized form of nitrogen, nitrate (NO3 - ) can be reduced to NH3 via the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3 RR), which has been demonstrated at high selectivity. However, to make NH3 synthesis cost-competitive with current technologies, high NH3 partial current densities (jNH3 ) must be achieved to reduce the levelized cost of NH3 . Here, we leverage the high NO3 RR activity of Fe-based materials to synthesize a novel active particle-active support system with Fe2 O3 nanoparticles supported on atomically dispersed Fe-N-C...

BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure (ALF) has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis. The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes, including cellular senescence, apoptosis, sugar and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. AIM: To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) testing...

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form of cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid peroxides. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accumulates high levels of intracellular iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby sensitizing cells to ferroptosis. The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx4) is a key enzyme in the detoxification of lipid peroxides and can be inhibited by the compound (S)-RSL3 ([1S,3R]-RSL3). However, the stereoisomer (R)-RSL3 ([1R,3R]-RSL3), which does not inhibit GPx4, exhibits equipotent activity to (S)-RSL3 across a panel of CRC cell lines...

Ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin receptors I and II play a vital role in iron metabolism, health, and indication of iron deficiency anaemia in fish. To evaluate the use of high-iron diets to prevent or reverse channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) anaemia of unknown causes, we investigated the expression of these iron-regulatory genes and proteins in channel catfish fed plant-based diets. Catfish fingerlings were fed five diets supplemented with 0 (basal), 125, and 250 mg/kg of either inorganic iron or organic iron for 2 weeks...

The rational design of advanced electrocatalysts at the molecular or atomic level is important for improving the performance of hydrogen evolution reactions (HERs) and replacing precious metal catalysts. In this study, we describe the fabrication of electrocatalysts based on Fe, Co, or Ni single atoms supported on titanium carbide (TiC) using the molten salt method, i.e., TiC-FeSA , TiC-CoSA , or TiC-NiSA , to enhance HER performance. The introduction of uniformly distributed transition-metal single atoms successfully reduces the overpotential of HERs...

This work is aimed at relationships which govern zinc and copper uptake by four popular medicinal herbs: basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.), borage (Borago officinalis L.), common nettle ( Urtica dioica L.) and peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.). They are often grown in soils with significant copper or zinc levels. Herbs were cultivated by a pot method in controlled conditions. Manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations were determined by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The efficiency of photosynthesis was estimated by measuring the chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, net photosynthesis, intercellular CO2 , stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate...

Perovskite-style materials are cathode systems known for their stability in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Pr0.5 Sr0.5 FeO3-δ (PSF) exhibits excellent electrode performance in perovskite cathode systems at high temperatures. Via VB subgroup metals (V, Nb, and Ta) modifying the B-site, the oxidation and spin states of iron elements can be adjusted, thereby ultimately adjusting the cathode's physicochemical properties. Theoretical predictions indicate that PSF has poor stability, but the relative arrangement of the three elements on the B-site can significantly improve this material's properties...

Dinitrosyl iron complexes (DNICs) stabilize nitric oxide in cells and tissues and constitute an important form of its storage and transportation. DNICs may comprise low-molecular-weight ligands, e.g., thiols, imidazole groups in chemical compounds with low molecular weight (LMWDNICs), or high-molecular-weight ligands, e.g., peptides or proteins (HMWDNICs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of low- and high-molecular-weight ligands in DNIC formation. Lysosomal and proteasomal proteolysis was inhibited by specific inhibitors...

A growing interest in the recovery and enhancement of crops, particularly local varieties such as 'Caaveiro' wheat, has been observed. This study aims to investigate the impact of cultivation systems (organic versus conventional) on the nutritional quality of 'Caaveiro' flour and breads protected by the PGI "Pan Galego," employing two fermentation methods (sourdough versus sourdough and biological yeast). Organic flour exhibited significantly higher levels of moisture, fat, sucrose, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) while also exhibiting a lower total starch and zinc (Zn) content...

The effect of the production area on the quality of Hass avocados grown on the island of Tenerife was studied. For this purpose, several physicochemical parameters, such as fruit weight, percentage of pulp, seed and skin, proximate composition, minerals, total phenolic compounds (TP), total flavonoid compounds (TF), α-tocopherol, antioxidant capacity, and fatty acid profile were analyzed. The location of the orchards significantly influenced avocado weight; pulp and seed percentage; and fat, fiber, ash, α-tocopherol, TP, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and oleic and palmitoleic acid contents...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal liver cancer with significant heterogeneity, which poses challenges in predicting prognosis and treatment outcomes. The impact of iron metabolism and immune-related genes (IMRGs) on HCC patient prognoses remains elusive. We utilized The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset to obtain mRNA expression data and clinical information from HCC patients. Through the application of LASSO regression and univariate/multivariate Cox regression analyses, we identified five IMRGs significantly associated with survival of HCC patients...

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) occurs both in humans and domestic species. It has a particularly high incidence in pigs, and is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as impaired postnatal growth. A key feature of IUGR is impaired muscle development, resulting in decreased meat quality. Understanding the developmental origins of IUGR, particularly at the molecular level, is important for developing effective strategies to mitigate its economic impact on the pig industry and animal welfare...

We have previously reported the design of a portable 109Cd x-ray fluorescence (XRF) skin iron measurement system with a low detection limit of 1.35 μg Fe per g of tissue, which delivers a skin surface dose of 1.1 mSv in iron overload and iron deficiency disease. The system has been found to be precise but must also provide accurate measurements of iron levels in the skin. 
This article describes testing of the system's accuracy. Ten pigskin samples were measured using both the portable XRF system and ICP-MS analysis...

Banana is one of the most consumed and popular fruits in all regions of the world, being cultivated mainly in tropical countries. It is not only a rich source of vitamins A, C, and B, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorus, and other vitamins and nutrients, but it also contains several types of antioxidants with high nutritional value. In this context, the current study aimed to quantify the content of ascorbic acid, flavonoids, pigments, and minerals present in "Nanicão" bananas during the ripening process...

Stroke represents a significant threat to global human health, characterized by high rates of morbidity, disability, and mortality. Predominantly, strokes are ischemic in nature. Ischemic stroke (IS) is influenced by various cell death pathways, notably autophagy and ferroptosis. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted the interplay between autophagy and ferroptosis, a process likely driven by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Post-IS, either the inhibition of autophagy or its excessive activation can escalate ROS levels...

Ferroptosis is a newly identified iron-dependent form of death that is becoming increasingly recognized as a promising avenue for cancer therapy. N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant reversible methylation modification in mRNA contributing to tumorigenesis. However, the crucial role of m6 A modification in regulating ferroptosis during colorectal cancer (CRC) tumorigenesis remains elusive. Herein, we find that m6 A modification is increased during ferroptotic cell death and correlates with the decreased m6 A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) expression...

The chemical transformations of methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) greenhouse gases typically have high energy barriers. Here we present an approach of strategic coupling of CH4 oxidation and CO2 reduction in a switched microbial process governed by redox cycling of iron minerals under temperate conditions. The presence of iron minerals leads to an obvious enhancement of carbon fixation, with the minerals acting as the electron acceptor for CH4 oxidation and the electron donor for CO2 reduction, facilitated by changes in the mineral structure...

NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is an essential redox enzyme responsible for redox balance and energy metabolism. Despite of its importance, the brain contains high capacity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and maintains low levels of NQO1 expression. In this study, we examined how levels of NQO1 expression affects cell survival in response to toxic insults causing mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis, and whether NQO1 has a potential as a biomarker in different stressed conditions. Following treatment with rotenone, overexpressed NQO1 in SH-SY5Y cells improved cell survival by reducing mitochondrial reductive stress via increased NAD+ supply without mitochondrial biogenesis...

Ferroptosis is a type of lipid peroxidation-induced apoptosis brought on by imbalances in iron metabolism and redox. It involves both the thiol-associated anti-ferroptosis pathway and the excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which stimulates the ferroptosis pathway. Determining the precise control mechanism of ferroptosis requires examining the dynamic connection between reactive sulfur species (RSS) and ROS. Cysteine (Cys) and peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) are highly active redox species in organisms and play dynamic roles in the ferroptosis process...

Global climate change has already brought noticeable alterations to multiple regions of our planet. Several important steps of plant growth and development, such as embryogenesis, can be affected by environmental changes. For instance, these changes would affect how stored nutrients are used during early stages of seed germination as it transitions from a heterotrophic to autotrophic metabolism, a critical period for the seedling's survival. In this perspective, we provide a brief description of relevant processes that occur during embryo maturation and account for nutrient accumulation, which are sensitive to environmental change...