keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38546739/the-landscape-and-predicted-roles-of-structural-variants-in-fusarium-graminearum-genomes
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Upasana Dhakal, Hye-Seon Kim, Christopher Toomajian
Structural rearrangements, such as inversions, translocations, duplications, and large insertions and deletions, are large-scale genomic variants that can play an important role in shaping phenotypic variation and in genome adaptation and evolution. We used chromosomal-level assemblies from eight Fusarium graminearum isolates to study structural variants and their role in fungal evolution. We generated the assemblies of four of these genomes after Oxford Nanopore sequencing. A total of 87 inversions, 159 translocations, 245 duplications, 58,489 insertions and 34,102 deletions were detected...
March 28, 2024: G3: Genes—Genomes—Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536757/maintenance-of-persistent-transmission-of-a-plant-arbovirus-in-its-insect-vector-mediated-by-the-toll-dorsal-immune-pathway
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Juan He, Gang Lu, Bo-Jie Xu, Qian-Zhuo Mao, Yu-Hua Qi, Gao-Yang Jiao, Hai-Tao Weng, Yan-Zhen Tian, Hai-Jian Huang, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Jian-Ping Chen, Jun-Min Li
Throughout evolution, arboviruses have developed various strategies to counteract the host's innate immune defenses to maintain persistent transmission. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to bacteria and fungi, the innate Toll-Dorsal immune system also plays an essential role in preventing viral infections in invertebrates. However, whether the classical Toll immune pathway is involved in maintaining the homeostatic process to ensure the persistent and propagative transmission of arboviruses in insect vectors remain unclear...
April 2, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530785/identification-of-parthenogenesis-inducing-effector-proteins-in-wolbachia
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura C Fricke, Amelia R I Lindsey
Bacteria in the genus Wolbachia have evolved numerous strategies to manipulate arthropod sex, including the conversion of would-be male offspring to asexually reproducing females. This so-called "parthenogenesis-induction" phenotype can be found in a number of Wolbachia strains that infect arthropods with haplodiploid sex determination systems, including parasitoid wasps. Despite the discovery of microbe-mediated parthenogenesis more than 30 years ago, the underlying genetic mechanisms have remained elusive...
March 26, 2024: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38524179/advances-in-application-of-crispr-cas13a-system
#4
REVIEW
Yue Zhang, Shengjun Li, Rongrong Li, Xu Qiu, Tianyu Fan, Bin Wang, Bei Zhang, Li Zhang
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins serve as an adaptive immune system that safeguards prokaryotes and some of the viruses that infect prokaryotes from foreign nucleic acids (such as viruses and plasmids). The genomes of the majority of archaea and about half of all bacteria contain various CRISPR-Cas systems. CRISPR-Cas systems depend on CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). They act as a navigation system to specifically cut and destroy foreign nucleic acids by recognizing invading foreign nucleic acids and binding Cas proteins...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513884/structural-analyzes-suggest-that-missp13-and-missp16-5-may-act-as-proteases-inhibitors-during-ectomycorrhiza-establishment-in-laccaria-bicolor
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ariadne N M Furtado, Sávio Torres de Farias, Mayara Dos Santos Maia
•The signaling process during mycorrhiza establishment involves intense molecular communication between symbionts. It has been suggested that a group of protein effectors, the so-called MiSSPs, plays a broader function in the symbiosis metabolism, however, many of these remain uncharacterized structurally and functionally. •Herein we used three-dimensional protein structure modeling methods, ligand analysis, and molecular docking to structurally characterize and describe two protein effectors, MiSSP13 and MiSSP16...
March 19, 2024: Bio Systems
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510150/exogenous-il-2-delays-memory-precursors-generation-and-is-essential-for-enhancing-memory-cells-effector-functions
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shaoying Wang, Margaux Prieux, Simon de Bernard, Maxence Dubois, Daphne Laubreton, Sophia Djebali, Manon Zala, Christophe Arpin, Laurent Genestier, Yann Leverrier, Olivier Gandrillon, Fabien Crauste, Wenzheng Jiang, Jacqueline Marvel
To investigate the impact of paracrine IL-2 signals on memory precursor (MP) cell differentiation, we activated CD8 T cell in vitro in the presence or absence of exogenous IL-2 (ex-IL-2). We assessed memory differentiation by transferring these cells into virus-infected mice. Both conditions generated CD8 T cells that participate in the ongoing response and gave rise to similar memory cells. Nevertheless, when transferred into a naive host, T cells activated with ex-IL-2 generated a higher frequency of memory cells displaying increased functional memory traits...
April 19, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508089/b-cell-clonality-in-cancer
#7
REVIEW
E A Bryushkova, N V Mushenkova, M A Turchaninova, D K Lukyanov, D M Chudakov, E O Serebrovskaya
Carcinogenesis in the process of long-term co-evolution of tumor cells and immune environment essentially becomes possible due to incorrect decisions made, remembered, and reproduced by the immune system at the level of clonal populations of antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes. Tumor-immunity interaction determines the nature of such errors and, consequently, delineates the possible ways of successful immunotherapeutic intervention. It is generally recognized that tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-B) can play both pro-tumor and anti-tumor roles...
March 18, 2024: Seminars in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497268/tethering-of-soluble-immune-effectors-to-mucin-and-chitin-reflects-a-convergent-and-dynamic-role-in-gut-immunity
#8
REVIEW
L J Dishaw, G W Litman, A Liberti
The immune system employs soluble effectors to shape luminal spaces. Antibodies are soluble molecules that effect immunological responses, including neutralization, opsonization, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity and complement activation. These molecules are comprised of immunoglobulin (Ig) domains. The N-terminal Ig domains recognize antigen, and the C-terminal domains facilitate their elimination through phagocytosis (opsonization). A less-recognized function mediated by the C-terminal Ig domains of the IgG class of antibodies (Fc region) involves the formation of multiple low-affinity bonds with the mucus matrix...
May 6, 2024: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497259/when-the-microbiome-shapes-the-host-immune-evolution-implications-for-infectious-disease
#9
REVIEW
Mark A Hanson
The microbiome includes both 'mutualist' and 'pathogen' microbes, regulated by the same innate immune architecture. A major question has therefore been: how do hosts prevent pathogenic infections while maintaining beneficial microbes? One idea suggests hosts can selectively activate innate immunity upon pathogenic infection, but not mutualist colonization. Another idea posits that hosts can selectively attack pathogens, but not mutualists. Here I review evolutionary principles of microbe recognition and immune activation, and reflect on newly observed immune effector-microbe specificity perhaps supporting the latter idea...
May 6, 2024: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490361/recombination-and-repeat-induced-point-mutation-landscapes-reveal-trade-offs-between-the-sexual-and-asexual-cycles-of-magnaporthe-oryzae
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xifang Zong, Yaxin Lou, Mengshuang Xia, Kunyang Zhao, Jingxuan Chen, Ju Huang, Sihai Yang, Long Wang
The fungal disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating diseases that endangers many crops worldwide. Evidences show that sexual reproduction can be advantageous for fungal diseases as hybridization facilitates host-jumping. However, the pervasive clonal lineages of M. oryzae observed in natural fields contradict this expectation. A better understanding of the roles of recombination and the fungi-specific repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation in shaping its evolutionary trajectory is essential to bridge this knowledge gap...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Genetics and Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459243/mucosal-t-cell-responses-to-chronic-viral-infections-implications-for-vaccine-design
#11
REVIEW
Mohammed Al-Talib, Sandra Dimonte, Ian R Humphreys
Mucosal surfaces that line the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts are the major interfaces between the immune system and the environment. Their unique immunological landscape is characterized by the necessity of balancing tolerance to commensal microorganisms and other innocuous exposures against protection from pathogenic threats such as viruses. Numerous pathogenic viruses, including herpesviruses and retroviruses, exploit this environment to establish chronic infection. Effector and regulatory T-cell populations, including effector and resident memory T cells, play instrumental roles in mediating the transition from acute to chronic infection, where a degree of viral replication is tolerated to minimize immunopathology...
March 8, 2024: Cellular & Molecular Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441767/anti-crispr-proteins-and-their-application-to-control-crispr-effectors-in-mammalian-systems
#12
REVIEW
Carolin Maja Gebhardt, Dominik Niopek
CRISPR-Cas effectors are powerful tools for genome and transcriptome targeting and editing. Naturally, these protein-RNA complexes are part of the microbial innate immune system, which emerged from the evolutionary arms race between microbes and phages. This coevolution has also given rise to so-called anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that counteract the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity. Acrs constitutively block cognate CRISPR-Cas effectors, e.g., by interfering with guide RNA binding, target DNA/RNA recognition, or target cleavage...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435982/characterizing-cd8-temra-cells-in-cp-cpps-patients-insights-from-targeted-single-cell-transcriptomic-and-functional-investigations
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Zhang, Qintao Ge, Jialin Meng, Jia Chen, Chaozhao Liang, Meng Zhang
BACKGROUND: The specific involvement of the CD8+ T effector memory RA (TEMRA) subset in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) has largely not been explored in the literature. METHODS: Targeted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiles were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from two CP/CPPS patients and two healthy controls (HCs) in our recent study. Pseudotime series algorithms were used to reveal the differentiation trajectory, CellChat analysis was used to explore the communication between individual cells, and the SCENIC program was used to identify potential transcription factors (TFs)...
2024: ImmunoTargets and Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415583/a-hydrogel-electrolyte-toward-a-flexible-zinc-ion-battery-and-multifunctional-health-monitoring-electronics
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhiqiao Wang, Rongrong Xue, Huiqing Zhang, Yichi Zhang, Xiaoyu Tang, Helin Wang, Ahu Shao, Yue Ma
The compact design of an environmentally adaptive battery and effectors forms the foundation for wearable electronics capable of time-resolved, long-term signal monitoring. Herein, we present a one-body strategy that utilizes a hydrogel as the ionic conductive medium for both flexible aqueous zinc-ion batteries and wearable strain sensors. The poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel network incorporates nano-SiO2 and cellulose nanofibers (referred to as PSC) in an ethylene glycol/water mixed solvent, balancing the mechanical properties (tensile strength of 6 MPa) and ionic diffusivity at -20 °C (2 orders of magnitude higher than 2 M ZnCl2 electrolyte)...
February 28, 2024: ACS Nano
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410372/natural-killer-cells-affect-the-natural-course-drug-resistance-and-prognosis-of-multiple-myeloma
#15
REVIEW
Li Zhang, Xiaohuan Peng, Tao Ma, Jia Liu, Zhigang Yi, Jun Bai, Yanhong Li, Lijuan Li, Liansheng Zhang
Multiple myeloma (MM), a stage-developed plasma cell malignancy, evolves from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or smoldering MM (SMM). Emerging therapies including immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen-T/natural killer (NK) cells, bispecific T-cell engagers, selective inhibitors of nuclear export, and small-molecule targeted therapy have considerably improved patient survival. However, MM remains incurable owing to inevitable drug resistance and post-relapse rapid progression...
2024: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409527/b-cell-lineage-reconstitution-underlies-car-t-cell-therapeutic-efficacy-in-patients-with-refractory-myasthenia-gravis
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dai-Shi Tian, Chuan Qin, Ming-Hao Dong, Michael Heming, Luo-Qi Zhou, Wen Wang, Song-Bai Cai, Yun-Fan You, Ke Shang, Jun Xiao, Di Wang, Chun-Rui Li, Min Zhang, Bi-Tao Bu, Gerd Meyer Zu Hörste, Wei Wang
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), expressed in plasmablasts and plasma cells, could serve as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. We reported here chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting BCMA in two patients with highly relapsed and refractory myasthenia gravis (one with AChR-IgG, and one with MuSk-IgG). Both patients exhibited favorable safety profiles and persistent clinical improvements over 18 months. Reconstitution of B-cell lineages with sustained reduced pathogenic autoantibodies might underlie the therapeutic efficacy...
February 26, 2024: EMBO Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409291/pooled-effector-library-screening-in-protoplasts-rapidly-identifies-novel-avr-genes
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taj Arndell, Jian Chen, Jana Sperschneider, Narayana M Upadhyaya, Cheryl Blundell, Nathalie Niesner, Megan A Outram, Aihua Wang, Steve Swain, Ming Luo, Michael A Ayliffe, Melania Figueroa, Thomas Vanhercke, Peter N Dodds
Crop breeding for durable disease resistance is challenging due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence. While progress in resistance (R) gene cloning and stacking has accelerated in recent years1-3 , the identification of corresponding avirulence (Avr) genes in many pathogens is hampered by the lack of high-throughput screening options. To address this technology gap, we developed a platform for pooled library screening in plant protoplasts to allow rapid identification of interacting R-Avr pairs. We validated this platform by isolating known and novel Avr genes from wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f...
February 26, 2024: Nature Plants
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38402521/segmental-duplications-drive-the-evolution-of-accessory-regions-in-a-major-crop-pathogen
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anouk C van Westerhoven, Carolina Aguilera-Galvez, Giuliana Nakasato-Tagami, Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne, Einar Martinez de la Parte, Edgar Chavarro-Carrero, Harold J G Meijer, Alice Feurtey, Nani Maryani, Nadia Ordóñez, Harrie Schneiders, Koen Nijbroek, Alexander H J Wittenberg, Rene Hofstede, Fernando García-Bastidas, Anker Sørensen, Ronny Swennen, Andre Drenth, Eva H Stukenbrock, Gert H J Kema, Michael F Seidl
Many pathogens evolved compartmentalized genomes with conserved core and variable accessory regions (ARs) that carry effector genes mediating virulence. The fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has such ARs, often spanning entire chromosomes. The presence of specific ARs influences the host range, and horizontal transfer of ARs can modify the pathogenicity of the receiving strain. However, how these ARs evolve in strains that infect the same host remains largely unknown. We defined the pan-genome of 69 diverse F...
February 25, 2024: New Phytologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399981/translational-control-of-alphavirus-host-interactions-implications-in-viral-evolution-tropism-and-antiviral-response
#19
REVIEW
Iván Ventoso, Juan José Berlanga, René Toribio, Irene Díaz-López
Alphaviruses can replicate in arthropods and in many vertebrate species including humankind, but only in vertebrate cells do infections with these viruses result in a strong inhibition of host translation and transcription. Translation shutoff by alphaviruses is a multifactorial process that involves both host- and virus-induced mechanisms, and some of them are not completely understood. Alphavirus genomes contain cis-acting elements (RNA structures and dinucleotide composition) and encode protein activities that promote the translational and transcriptional resistance to type I IFN-induced antiviral effectors...
January 30, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38392781/functional-evolution-of-pseudofabraea-citricarpa-as-an-adaptation-to-temperature-change
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saifei Liu, Li Chen, Xinghua Qiao, Jiequn Ren, Changyong Zhou, Yuheng Yang
Citrus target spot, caused by Pseudofabraea citricarpa , was formerly considered a cold-tolerant fungal disease. However, it has now spread from high-latitude regions to warmer low-latitude regions. Here, we conducted physiological observations on two different strains of the fungus collected from distinct regions, and evaluated their pathogenicity. Interestingly, the CQWZ collected from a low-latitude orchard, exhibited higher temperature tolerance and pathogenicity when compared to the SXCG collected from a high-latitude orchard...
January 28, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
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