keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516100/early-treatment-with-fluvoxamine-bromhexine-cyproheptadine-and-niclosamide-to-prevent-clinical-deterioration-in-patients-with-symptomatic-covid-19-a-randomized-clinical-trial
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dhammika Leshan Wannigama, Cameron Hurst, Phatthranit Phattharapornjaroen, Parichart Hongsing, Natchalaikorn Sirichumroonwit, Kanokpoj Chanpiwat, Ali Hosseini Rad S M, Robin James Storer, Puey Ounjai, Phitsanuruk Kanthawee, Natharin Ngamwongsatit, Rosalyn Kupwiwat, Chaisit Kupwiwat, James Michael Brimson, Naveen Kumar Devanga Ragupathi, Somrat Charuluxananan, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Talerngsak Kanjanabuch, Paul G Higgins, Vishnu Nayak Badavath, Mohan Amarasiri, Valerie Verhasselt, Anthony Kicic, Tanittha Chatsuwan, Kashif Pirzada, Farid Jalali, Angela M Reiersen, Shuichi Abe, Hitoshi Ishikawa
BACKGROUND: Repurposed drugs with host-directed antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have shown promise in the treatment of COVID-19, but few trials have studied combinations of these agents. The aim of this trial was to assess the effectiveness of affordable, widely available, repurposed drugs used in combination for treatment of COVID-19, which may be particularly relevant to low-resource countries. METHODS: We conducted an open-label, randomized, outpatient, controlled trial in Thailand from October 1, 2021, to June 21, 2022, to assess whether early treatment within 48-h of symptoms onset with combinations of fluvoxamine, bromhexine, cyproheptadine, and niclosamide, given to adults with confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection, can prevent 28-day clinical deterioration compared to standard care...
April 2024: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502567/antagonism-of-5-ht-2-receptors-attenuates-self-sustained-firing-of-human-motor-units
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benjamin I Goodlich, Gregory E P Pearcey, Alessandro Del Vecchio, Sean A Horan, Justin J Kavanagh
5-HT2 receptors on motoneurones play a critical role in facilitating persistent inward currents (PICs). Although facilitation of PICs can enhance self-sustained firing after periods of excitation, the relationship between 5-HT2 receptor activity and self-sustained firing in human motor units (MUs) has not been resolved. MU activity was assessed from the tibialis anterior of 10 healthy adults (24.9 ± 2.8 years) during two contraction protocols. Both protocols featured steady-state isometric contractions with constant descending drive to the motoneurone pool...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451521/drug-efficacy-in-the-treatment-of-antipsychotic-induced-akathisia-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cyril Gerolymos, Romain Barazer, Dong Keon Yon, Anderson Loundou, Laurent Boyer, Guillaume Fond
IMPORTANCE: Antipsychotic-induced akathisia (AIA) occurs in 14% to 35% of patients treated with antipsychotics and is associated with increased suicide and decreased adherence in patients with schizophrenia. However, no comprehensive review and network meta-analysis has been conducted to compare the efficacy of treatments for AIA. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy associated with AIA treatments. DATA SOURCES: Three databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched by multiple researchers for double-blind randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing active drugs for the treatment of AIA with placebo or another treatment between May 30 and June 18, 2023...
March 4, 2024: JAMA Network Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38433019/serotonergic-neurotransmission-mediated-cognitive-dysfunction-in-two-mouse-models-of-sepsis-associated-encephalopathy
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chen Zhang, Fafa Tian, Jing Peng, Xia Wang, Jingchen Li, Lina Zhang, Zheren Tan
BACKGROUND: Patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) often exhibit cognitive impairments. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms of SAE remain largely unexplored. Here, we explored the role of serotonergic neurotransmission in cognitive dysfunction of two mouse models of SAE. METHODS: The mouse models of SAE were established by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) and cecal ligation puncture (CLP) respectively. Barnes maze, new object recognition test and open field test were used to evaluate the effects of fluoxetine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and cyproheptadine (nonselective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) on cognition and motor activity of mice...
March 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38410740/case-report-treatment-of-cyclobenzaprine-ingestion-in-two-dogs-with-intravenous-intralipid-therapy
#5
Kaitlyn Dreese, Adesola Odunayo, Melissa C Bucknoff
INTRODUCTION: The objective of this case series is to describe the clinical signs and outcome of cyclobenzaprine ingestion in two dogs treated with intralipid emulsion (ILE) and supportive care. CASE OR SERIES SUMMARY: Two dogs presented for evaluation of cyclobenzaprine ingestion. A 4-year-old female spayed Rat Terrier (dog 1) presented within 4 h of ingestion of cyclobenzaprine (between 9.7 and 25.9 mg/kg). The dog experienced abnormal behavior, agitation, tremors, tachycardia, and hypertension...
2024: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408181/green-chromatographic-assay-of-toxic-impurities-of-cyproheptadine-in-silico-toxicity-profiling
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raghda A Emam, Aml A Emam
Cyproheptadine (CYP) is an antihistaminic and anti-serotonin drug used to improve the clinical course of hospitalized patients severely affected by COVID-19 and requiring supplemental oxygen. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry method was developed and validated for the estimation of CYP and its impurity, dibenzosuberone and its degradation product: 10, 11-dihydroxy-dibenzosuberone. The toxicity profiles of CYP impurity and degradation product were studied and the in silico data, using pre-ADMET software, proved their toxicity...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Chromatographic Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406216/serotonin-syndrome-an-often-neglected-medical-emergency
#7
REVIEW
Ahmed Badar
Optimum serotonin level in the serotonergic synapses of the central nervous system (CNS) is related to mood, behavior, and sleep. Serotonin syndrome (SS) is a rare yet very dangerous adverse effect resulting from increased serotonin in CNS. The diagnosis of SS is based on the presence of clinical symptoms, which can include agitation, confusion, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, muscle rigidity, tremors, sweating, and diarrhea. SS is invariably caused by inadvertent use of serotonergic medicines...
2024: Journal of Family & Community Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38312440/serotonin-syndrome-and-neuroleptic-malignant-syndrome-a-case-report-of-intersecting-symptomatology
#8
Loulwa Maktabi, Denver Shipman, Justin P Reinert
INTRODUCTION: Serotonin syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome are caused by 2 distinct pathologies; however, the clinical presentation associated with both syndromes share many features. METHODS: We describe a 56-year-old male patient who presented to our facility with seizures, leukocytosis, fevers, extremity hyperreflexia, and signs of autonomic dysfunction as evidenced by cardiovascular instability. The patient was noted to be taking vortioxetine, trazodone, lamotrigine, lurasidone, and carbidopa-levodopa as outpatient medications for his depression, an unspecified mood disorder, and Parkinson disease...
February 2024: Mental Health Clinician
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290200/repositioning-fda-approved-drug-against-chagas-disease-and-cutaneous-leishmaniosis-by-structure-based-virtual-screening
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alfredo Juarez-Saldivar, Rogelio Gómez-Escobedo, Gerardo Corral-Ruiz, Karla Fabiola Chacón-Vargas, Vanessa Horta-Montaño, Luvia Sanchez-Torres, Lenci K Vazquez-Jimenez, Benjamín Nogueda-Torres, Gildardo Rivera
BACKGROUND: Chagas disease and cutaneous leishmaniasis, two parasitic diseases caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Leishmania mexicana (L. mexicana), respectively, have a major global impact. Current pharmacological treatments for these diseases are limited and can cause severe side effects; thus, there is a need for new antiprotozoal drugs. METHODS: Using molecular docking, this work describes a structure-based virtual screening of an FDA-approved drug library against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania mexicana glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TIM), which is highly conserved in these parasites...
January 29, 2024: Archives of Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176752/medication-overuse-headache-overlapping-with-serotonin-syndrome
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjay Prakash, Harsh Patel, Chetsi Sudhir Shah
Serotonin syndrome (SS) is an iatrogenic, drug-induced clinical syndrome caused by an increase in the intrasynaptic concentration of serotonin. Serotonin plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of migraines. Upregulation of 5-HT2A receptors is found in medication-overuse headache (MOH). Several migraine medications, both preventative and abortive drugs, act on serotonin receptors. We report two patients with chronic migraine who developed MOH. Besides headache, patients had frequent attacks of dizziness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, excessive sweating, abdominal discomforts and tremors...
January 4, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38123184/anti-inflammatory-and-antinociceptive-effects-of-sitagliptin-in-animal-models-and-possible-mechanisms-involved-in-the-antinociceptive-activity
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Valiollah Hajhashemi, Hossein Sadeghi, Fatemeh Karimi Madab
BACKGROUND: : Sitagliptin is an antidiabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin in formalin and carrageenan tests and determine the possible mechanism(s) of its antinociceptive activity. METHODS: : Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) and male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were used for formalin and carrageenan tests, respectively. In the formalin test, paw licking time and in the carrageenan test, paw thickness were considered as indexes of pain behavior and inflammation respectively...
December 21, 2023: Korean Journal of Pain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070312/improving-fluorescence-emission-of-cyproheptadine-by-hindering-its-intramolecular-photoinduced-electron-transfer-pet-application-to-content-uniformity-testing-and-human-plasma
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahmoud A Omar, Abobakr A Mohamed, Yaser Alahmadi, Ahmed M Shehata, Hossein M Elbadawy, Islam M Mostafa
The ability to determine antihistaminic drugs in biological matrices is critical for the medication adherence assessment. Among these antihistaminic medications, cyproheptadine (CPD); that is acting as a potent first-generation antihistaminic drug that has been extensively prescribed for allergic patients. Most of the established approaches for CPD detection are not appropriate for this purpose owing to their weak sensitivity, lack of rapidity, and complicated experimental procedures. Herein, we present a very fast, highly sensitive, and reproducible approach for the detection of CPD in its pure form, tablet formulation, and spiked human plasma...
December 6, 2023: Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38047882/bomb%C3%A3-an-undetermined-substance-that-caused-an-outbreak-of-illicit-drug-use-in-kinshasa-democratic-republic-of-the-congo
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Musa Obadia, Patrice Milambo Kapia, Arne Bonneure, Radu-Corneliu Duca, Matteo Creta, Tony Kayembe-Kitenge, Jan Tytgat, Daniel Okitundu, Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu, Benoit Nemery
BACKGROUND: Illegal drugs are becoming a public health problem in African cities. In 2021, Bombé, a new drug of unknown composition, caused an outbreak of neuro-psychiatric symptoms in Kinshasa. Bombé was rumored to be based on ground catalytic exhausts stolen from cars. METHODS: The chemical composition of six samples of Bombé obtained from different neighborhoods in Kinshasa was determined by Triple Quad Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry with confirmation by Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry...
December 4, 2023: Clinical Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37994250/excitatory-drive-to-spinal-motoneurones-is-necessary-for-serotonin-to-modulate-motoneurone-excitability-via-5-ht-2-receptors-in-humans
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tyler T Henderson, Janet L Taylor, Jacob R Thorstensen, Justin J Kavanagh
Serotonin modulates corticospinal excitability, motoneurone firing rates and contractile strength via 5-HT2 receptors. However, the effects of these receptors on cortical and motoneurone excitability during voluntary contractions have not been explored in humans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate how 5-HT2 antagonism affects corticospinal and motoneuronal excitability with and without descending drive to motoneurones. Twelve individuals (aged 24 ± 4 years) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, whereby the 5-HT2 antagonist cyproheptadine was administered...
November 22, 2023: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37867371/treatment-options-for-cyclic-vomiting-syndrome-a-real-world-single-center-experience-with-systematic-literature-review-and-meta-analysis
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raffaele Falsaperla, Bruna Scalia, Ausilia Desiree Collotta, Valentina Giacchi, Carla Cimino, Martino Ruggieri
The optimal therapeutic management of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) remains elusive. The objective of this study is to document our clinical experience in the Pediatric Department of San Marco Hospital and to survey the literature on pediatric CVS treatment, aiming to update information on the most effective treatment strategies for this not-so-uncommon condition. Data from 70 patients with CVS, admitted to our Pediatric Department between September 2011 and December 2021, were aggregated and included in the study...
October 22, 2023: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37821573/pharmacological-interventions-for-antipsychotic-related-sialorrhea-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials
#16
Michele Fornaro, Claudio Caiazza, Niccolò Solini, Michele De Prisco, Martina Billeci, Martina Vannini, Risa Shorr, Stefano Caiolo, Marialaura Lussignoli, Dan Siskind, Giorgio Pigato, Annarita Barone, Fabio Sambataro, Andrea de Bartolomeis, Christoph U Correll, Marco Solmi
Antipsychotic-induced sialorrhea carries a significant burden, but evidence-based treatment guidance is incomplete, warranting network meta-analysis (NMA) of pharmacological interventions for antipsychotic-related sialorrhea. PubMed Central/PsycInfo/Cochrane Central database/Clinicaltrials.gov/WHO-ICTRP and the Chinese Electronic Journal Database (Qikan.cqvip.com) were searched for published/unpublished RCTs of antipsychotic-induced sialorrhea (any definition) in adults, up to 06/12/2023. We assessed global/local inconsistencies, publication bias, risk of bias (RoB2), and confidence in the evidence, conducting subgroup/sensitivity analyses...
October 11, 2023: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37819997/establishment-of-ultrasensitive-immunoassay-strip-based-on-colloidal-gold-mcab-probe-for-detecting-cyproheptadine-hydrochloride-and-six-phenothiazines-in-feed
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaofei Hu, Guanqiong Na, Yaning Sun, Yunrui Xing, Linlin Chen, Zhang Gaiping
An ultrasensitive and broad-specific monoclonal antibody recognising cyproheptadine hydrochloride and six phenothiazines was produced. The 50% inhibition concentration against cyproheptadine hydrochloride was 0.036 ng/mL, and the cross-reactivities for six phenothiazines were from 6.33% to 63.16%. Based on the developed monoclonal antibody, an immunochromatographic strip was established, with the visual detection limits (cut-off values) of seven drugs ranging from 5 to 100 ng/g in feedstuffs. With the strip reader, the 50% inhibition concentration of the developed immunochromatographic strip for seven drugs ranged from 0...
October 11, 2023: Food Additives & Contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37795557/beva-primary-care-clinical-guidelines-diagnosis-and-management-of-equine-pituitary-pars-intermedia-dysfunction
#18
REVIEW
Nicola J Menzies-Gow, Heidi E Banse, Aimi Duff, Nicholas Hart, Joanne L Ireland, Edward J Knowles, Dianne McFarlane, David Rendle
BACKGROUND: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is a prevalent, age-related chronic disorder in equids. Diagnosis of PPID can be challenging because of its broad spectrum of clinical presentations and disparate published diagnostic criteria, and there are limited available treatment options. OBJECTIVES: To develop evidence-based primary care guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of equine PPID based on the available literature. STUDY DESIGN: Evidence-based clinical guideline using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework...
October 5, 2023: Equine Veterinary Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37795388/percutaneous-electrical-nerve-field-stimulation-compared-to-standard-medical-therapy-in-adolescents-with-functional-abdominal-pain-disorders
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Neha R Santucci, Rashmi Sahay, Khalil I El-Chammas, Kahleb Graham, Mikaela Wheatley, Madeleine Vandenbrink, Jennifer Hardy, Lin Fei
INTRODUCTION: Standard medical therapy (SMT) in children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) includes cyproheptadine and amitriptyline. While percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) has shown benefit, no study has compared outcomes of PENFS to SMT. We aimed to examine changes in abdominal pain, nausea and disability before and after treatment and compare outcomes between treatments. METHODS: The records of FAPD patients ages 11-21 years, treated with 4 weeks of PENFS, cyproheptadine or amitriptyline were reviewed...
2023: Front Pain Res (Lausanne)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37745730/wernicke-s-encephalopathy-and-serotonin-syndrome-a-case-report-of-overlapping-pathologies
#20
Justin P Reinert, Paul Brady
Objective: Acute encephalopathy is a common symptom encountered in critically ill patients and may be associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) or serotonin syndrome (SS). We describe a patient who presented with clinical manifestations of both WE and SS and who responded to treatment for both pathologies. Case: A 56-year-old male presented after being found unresponsive and in a questionable tonic-clonic state. Past medical history was significant for depression managed with fluoxetine 20 mg by mouth daily and alcohol use disorder...
October 2023: Journal of Pharmacy Technology: JPT: Official Publication of the Association of Pharmacy Technicians
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