dental forensic

Introduction Fingerprints found at the crime scene are important and valuable evidence, as they are unique to every individual. Determining the blood group from the blood samples obtained at the site of the crime helps in identifying a person. However, where blood stains are not available, saliva obtained at the crime site can be used to identify the victim. Since fingerprint patterns and blood groups are unique to every individual and remain unchanged throughout life, the correlation between dermatoglyphics and blood groups can be of use in victim identification...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the usability of morphometric features obtained from mandibular panoramic radiographs in gender determination using machine learning algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution radiographs of 200 patients aged 20-77 (41.0 ± 12.7) were included in the study. Twelve different morphometric measurements were extracted from each digital panoramic radiography included in the study. These measurements were used as features in the machine learning phase in which six different machine learning algorithms were used (k-nearest neighbor, decision trees, support vector machines, naive Bayes, linear discrimination analysis, and neural networks)...

(1) Background/Objectives: Accurate determination of chronological age is crucial in legal dental identification. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of different formulas in estimating the age of a Brazilian subpopulation by analyzing the pulp/tooth ratio of the maxillary canine and mandibular second premolar in panoramic and periapical radiographs. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of panoramic and periapical radiographs of 247 individuals. The file of each radiograph was opened in the Adobe Photoshop CS4® program to outline and obtain values in pixels for calculating the pulp/tooth ratio...

AIM: Age estimation plays a critical role in personal identification, especially when determining compliance with the age of consent for adolescents. The age of consent refers to the minimum age at which an individual is legally considered capable of providing informed consent for sexual activities. The purpose of this study is to determine whether adolescents meet the age of 14 or 18 by using dental development combined with machine learning. METHODS: This study combines dental assessment and machine learning techniques to predict whether adolescents have reached the consent age of 14 or 18...

OBJECTIVE: Crown dimensions data of deciduous teeth hold anthropological, forensic, and archaeological value. However, such information remains scarce for the Chinese population. This multi-center study aimed to collect a large sample of deciduous crown data from Chinese children using three-dimensional measurement methods and to analyze their dimensions. DESIGN: A total of 1592 children's deciduous dentition samples were included, and the sample size was distributed according to Northeast, North, East, Northwest, Southwest and South China...

AIM: In our study, we evaluated the gender dimorphism among dental measurements of selected people in a South Indian district. METHODOLOGY: In our research, 500 participants between 17 and 25 years of age were included after taking their maxillary arch impressions. Utilizing Korkhaus compass and digital caliper, depth of palatal area as well as maxillary arch as a whole was done. T-test was done to initiate the comparative analysis between the palatal arch and complete maxillary arch depths where P < 0...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility of using the pulp volume (Pv) to total volume (Tv) ratio (Pv:Tv), obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of single-rooted teeth, for age estimation in a Brazilian population sample. METHODS: After obtaining approval from the ethics committee, the study commenced by applying inclusion criteria to screen CBCT scans, resulting in a probability-based sample of participants aged 18 years and older (ranging from 18 to 82 years, with a mean age of 46...

Interest in the topic of age assessment for forensic medical identification of personality has not decreased for over the past decade. Establishing an exact age have a critical importance for law enforcement authorities, for example in case of wrongdoing by illegal migrants without identity documents. The search and systemic analysis of published researches devoted to age assessment by dental status in children and adolescents with subsequent updating of the directions of development in this scientific subject theme and the possibility of their realization in practice in the Russian Federation were carried out in order to have an objective concept of used methods of dental status assessment in the world practice...

The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and self-reported record for a list of items that are useful to forensic dentistry (FD) among dental professionals from the western region of Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 406 dental health professionals. A pre-validated questionnaire written in Google Forms was used as a study tool. The questionnaire contained 4 parts: 1 - demographics; 2 - knowledge about FD; 3 - the attitudes; 4 - assessing dental record maintenance...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the minimum number of teeth in the anterior dental arch that would yield accurate results for individual identification in forensic contexts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved the analysis of 28 sets of 3-dimensional (3D) point cloud data, focused on the labial surface of the anterior teeth. These datasets were superimposed within each group in both genuine and imposter pairs. Group A incorporated data from the right to the left central incisor, group B from the right to the left lateral incisor, and group C from the right to the left canine...

Gunshot wound analysis is an important part of medicolegal practice, in both autopsies and examinations of living persons. Well-established and studied simulants exist that exhibit both physical and biomechanical properties of soft-tissues and bones. Current research literature on ballistic wounds focuses on the biomechanical properties of skin simulants. In our extensive experimental study, we tested numerous synthetic and natural materials, regarding their macromorphological bullet impact characteristics, and compared these data with those from real bullet injuries gathered from medicolegal practice...

Reference data for dental age estimate is sparse in New Zealand (NZ), with only two contemporary studies. Te Moananui et al. (J For Sci. 53(2), 2008) presented modified Demirjian percentile curves to estimate dental age of Pasifika, Māori, and European males and females (n = 1383), while Timmins et al. (Forensic Sci Med Pathol. 8:101-8, 2012) found the Demirjian method (1973) was valid for a smaller sample (n = 200) of unknown ancestry. The study presented here sought to validate the Demirjian and the Te Moananui methods for a sample of the NZ population of unknown ancestry and a subgroup of known ancestry i...

Human dentition is unique to individuals and helps in identification of individuals in forensic odontology. This study proposes to study the manually ground sections of single rooted teeth using digital methods for dental age estimation. To assess the dentinal translucency from the scanned digital images of manually ground section of teeth using commercially available image edition software. Corroborating the root dentinal translucency length and region of interest (ROI) of translucency zone in pixels (as a marker of dental age) with the chronological age of the subject, as stratified by different age groups...

The field of forensic anthropology is characterised by its ongoing development and growth. Forensic anatomy is a burgeoning discipline that focuses on the analysis and identification of both preserved and unpreserved human body parts, both in deceased individuals and the living. This subject plays a crucial role in establishing the four key factors of forensic anthropology, namely sex, age, race, and height. The objective of this research endeavour was to evaluate the significance of anatomical information in the process of forensic age estimation...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Contamination with heavy metals (HM) has great environmental consequences in the environment due to lack of biodegradation, in addition, accumulation in living beings causes defects in tissues and organs, deteriorating their function and inducing a wide spectrum of diseases. Human biomonitoring consists of the periodic measurement of a certain chemical substance or metabolite in a particular population, using matrices that can be acute or chronic. Teeth are chronic matrices that have great characteristics of resistance and chronological storage of information...

Teeth are considered unique as fingerprints for identification purposes. Their structure and resilience mean they can remain for thousands and millions of years withstanding extreme conditions, including burning. During burning, bones undergo carbonization at approximately 400°C and calcination at approximately 700°C. This study aimed to investigate the effects of carbonization and calcination on dental tissue. It involved nondestructive analyses of 58 extracted human teeth before and after burning, using x-ray diffraction, micro-CT, and high-resolution confocal microscopy...

INTRODUCTION: Age Estimation has been considered as a human basic right, carried out through the use of tables for dental age assessment based on the chronology of tooth eruption. As such, the final aim of this investigation is to create tables with applicability to the Portuguese population, for the different scoring systems used and combined different statistical approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, dental age assessment was achieved in all four third molars, using different scoring systems, in a total sample of 626 orthopantomograms (324 females, 302 males), aged between 12 and 25 years old, from the database population of Lisbon North University Hospital Center, approved by the Ethic Committee...

The aim of this study is to compare a technique using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with the Demirjian's method for chronological age estimation of living individuals based on tooth age from panoramic radiographs. This research used 5898 panoramic X-ray images collected for diagnostic from pediatric patients aged 4-17 who sought treatment at Antalya Oral and Dental Health Hospital between 2015 and 2020. The Demirjian's method's grading was executed by researchers who possessed appropriate training and experience...

Postmortem fingerprinting is the fastest and most reliable way to scientifically identify unknown decedents from mass fatality incidents. In disaster victim identification (DVI), fingerprints, DNA, and dental examinations are the three primary methods of identification. Additional secondary identifiers such as comparative medical radiography, scars, marks, and tattoos can also be used if viable antemortem information can be located. As DNA technology continues to evolve, RAPID DNA may now identify a profile within 90 min if the remains are not degraded or comingled...

Forensic dentistry plays a pivotal role in identifying deceased individuals when visual or other means of identification are not possible, particularly in the aftermath of mass disasters or criminal activities. Accurate and timely identification of the deceased and injured becomes crucial following events like earthquakes, fires, transport accidents, gunshot incidents, floods, tsunamis, bomb blasts, and terrorist attacks. The process of creating a person's identity is a formidable task, often relying on prevalent methods such as dental, DNA, and fingerprint analyses...