Coloproctal

CONTEXT: In the context of ulcerative coloproctitis (UC), a chronic and non-specific inflammatory condition of the colon and rectum with an elusive etiology, the therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a) has gained prominence. GPR109a is expressed in various cell types including colonic epithelium, adipocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, positioning it as a promising candidate for pharmacological intervention in colitis. OBJECTIVE: the mechanistic role of GPR109a in a mouse model of UC and to assess its capacity to mitigate the disease's progression...

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimillis (SDSE) is classified as a group G streptococcus (GGS). In systemic SDSE infection, septic shock is easily induced and has a high mortality of 44%. The case was a 78-year-old man presented with fever and chills of 20 hours duration. He was in shock at the presentation and developed melena on day nine. CT images showed bowel wall thickening with emphysema and bedside colonoscopy showed active bleeding in the descending colon and rectum. Blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus dysgalactiae and a diagnosis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) due to SDSE was made...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system and has become the third most common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of malignancy-related death. Ulcerative coloproctitis (UC) is a precancerous lesion, and UC-associated CRC (UC-CRC) is the most common subtype of CRC. Therefore, a reasonable UC-CRC model is the cornerstone and guarantee of new drug development. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of UC-CRC due to its good efficacy...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disease that affects young adults. Histological findings are essential for its diagnosis; however, the number of diagnostic pathologists is limited. Herein, we used a no-code artificial intelligence (AI) platform "Teachable Machine" to train a model that could distinguish between histological images of UC, non-UC coloproctitis, adenocarcinoma, and control. A total of 5100 histological images for training and 900 histological images for testing were prepared by pathologists...

The paper describes a rare manifestation of Blastocystis hominis infection in a 3-month-old baby with food allergy that appeared as atopic dermatitis and coloproctitis induced by food proteins (cow's milk, hen's egg). The fact that food allergy may be one of the predisposing factors in the development of clinical manifestations of B. hominis infection is discussed. The assumption that the amoeboid form of blastocysts accompanies the clinical manifestation of the infection is confirmed.

To safely avoid the construction of a covering stoma in patients with advanced lower rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopy assisted colorectal surgery (LACS), we added circumferential manual reinforcing sutures via the transanal approach at the site of mechanical anastomosis. In June 2008, LACS was performed for a tumor of 6 cm in longer diameter in the Rb region of the lower rectum approximately 5 cm from the anal verge. After intraperitoneal coloproctal anastomosis was performed in the pelvis by the double stapling technique (DST), reinforcement was provided by manual trans-anal suturing (trans-anal reinforcing sutures: TARS)...

A typical symptom of microscopic colitis (MC) is chronic watery diarrhea with normal endoscopic findings and characteristic inflammatory changes in histopathology. Treatment of the disease is mainly empiric. MC has two main subtypes: lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. There are also untypical histopathological forms of MC: MC with giant cells, MC not otherwise specified (NOS) and cryptal lymphocytic coloproctitis. Some other histopathological changes in MC have been observed, especially Paneth cell hyperplasia or epithelial degeneration...

PURPOSE: Perianal disease is a serious complication of Crohn's disease and its surgical management is still controversial. It has been suggested that the local injection of infliximab has resulted in some potential benefit. This pilot study analyzed the feasibility and safety of such therapy in selected patients with severe perianal Crohn's disease. METHODS: The study included 15 patients with complex perianal Crohn's disease in which sepsis was not controllable using surgical and medical therapy...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lymphocytic colitis is a clinicopathological entity characterised by protracted watery diarrhoea and an increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in the surface epithelium of the colonic mucosa. This report describes two patients with symptoms similar to those of lymphocytic colitis and an increased number of IELs, but within the cryptal epithelium. METHODS: The numbers of IELs were assessed in colorectal biopsies from the two patients...

Radiation-associated ischemic coloproctitis is a rare clinical entity caused by vascular insufficiency to the rectosigmoid colon. It most commonly occurs after radiotherapy for gynecological cancer. We present herein the cases of two patients who developed radiation-associated coloproctitis with transmural necrosis and eventual perforation. Perforation of the rectosigmoid colon occurred 3.5 years after radiotherapy in case 1, a 46-year-old woman, and presented as a well-defined small area of transmural necrosis...

The following conclusions were drawn from a study of 15 cases of pseudo-membranous coloproctitis (PMCP): PMCP was seen in subjects of both sexes and all ages. The causative agent was found in all antibiotic classes. Clinical signs comprised constant diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, toxic shock and, more rarely, pseudo-occlusive, pseudo-perforative surgical evidence. Diagnosis involved visualization of pseudo-membranes by endoscopy. Lesions were most frequent in the left colon and increased in severity towards the distal end...

Ileorectal anastomosis is a classical method for re-establishing continuity after total colectomy. It is usually immediate and terminoterminal, but if local circumstances or emergency considerations demand it is carried out secondarily using mechanical sutures. The effects of colic suppression are rapidly compensated and the minimal functional sequelae are compatible with a normal life. Any change in intestinal rhythm or flow suggests organic alteration of the anastomosis or of the under- or overlying intestine...

A 3-year-old female Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen is presented with tenesmus alvi caused by a 15 cm long chronic regional cicatrising eosinophilic coloproctitis with bacterial masses surrounded by clubs, resembling actinomycosis. Similar changes were found in the caecum, next to a nodular eosinophilic inflammation in the ileal mucosa.