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Keywords Cns tumours and molecular ther...

Cns tumours and molecular therapies

https://read.qxmd.com/read/34536944/second-paediatric-strategy-forum-for-anaplastic-lymphoma-kinase-alk-inhibition-in-paediatric-malignancies-accelerate-in-collaboration-with-the-european-medicines-agency-with-the-participation-of-the-food-and-drug-administration
#21
REVIEW
Andrew D J Pearson, Elly Barry, Yael P Mossé, Franca Ligas, Nick Bird, Teresa de Rojas, Zachary F Zimmerman, Keith Wilner, Willi Woessmann, Susan Weiner, Brenda Weigel, Rajkumar Venkatramani, Dominique Valteau, Toby Trahair, Malcolm Smith, Sonia Singh, Giovanni Selvaggi, Nicole Scobie, Gudrun Schleiermacher, Nicholas Richardson, Julie Park, Karsten Nysom, Koen Norga, Margret Merino, Joe McDonough, Yousif Matloub, Lynley V Marshall, Eric Lowe, Giovanni Lesa, Meredith Irwin, Dominik Karres, Amar Gajjar, François Doz, Elizabeth Fox, Steven G DuBois, Martha Donoghue, Michela Casanova, Hubert Caron, Vickie Buenger, Diana Bradford, Patricia Blanc, Amy Barone, Gregory Reaman, Gilles Vassal
The first (2017) and sixth (2021) multistakeholder Paediatric Strategy Forums focused on anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibition in paediatric malignancies. ALK is an important oncogene and target in several paediatric tumours (anaplastic large cell lymphoma [ALCL], inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour [IMT], neuroblastoma and hemispheric gliomas in infants and young children) with unmet therapeutic needs. ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated to be active both in ALK fusion-kinase positive ALCL and IMT...
November 2021: European Journal of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34403132/is-molecular-tailored-therapy-changing-the-paradigm-for-cns-metastases-in-breast-cancer
#22
REVIEW
Vincenzo Di Nunno, Enrico Franceschi, Alicia Tosoni, Antonella Mura, Santino Minichillo, Monica Di Battista, Lidia Gatto, Ilaria Maggio, Raffaele Lodi, Stefania Bartolini, Alba Ariela Brandes
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common tumour spreading to the central nervous system (CNS). The prognosis of patients with CNS metastases depends on several parameters including the molecular assessment of the disease. Although loco-regional treatment remains the best approach, systemic therapies are acquiring a role leading to remarkable long-lasting responses. The efficacy of these compounds diverges between tumours with different molecular assessments. Promising agents under investigation are drugs targeting the HER2 pathways such as tucatinib, neratinib, pyrotinib, trastuzumab deruxtecan...
September 2021: Clinical Drug Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34360713/targeted-therapies-in-rare-brain-tumours
#23
REVIEW
Francesco Bruno, Alessia Pellerino, Luca Bertero, Riccardo Soffietti, Roberta Rudà
Rare central nervous system (CNS) tumours represent a unique challenge. Given the difficulty of conducting dedicated clinical trials, there is a lack of therapies for these tumours supported by high quality evidence, and knowledge regarding the impact of standard treatments (i.e., surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) is commonly based on retrospective studies. Recently, new molecular techniques have led to the discovery of actionable molecular alterations. The aim of this article is to review recent progress in the molecular understanding of and therapeutic options for rare brain tumours, both in children and adults...
July 26, 2021: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34357128/molecular-pathology-and-targeted-therapies-for-personalized-management-of-central-nervous-system-germinoma
#24
REVIEW
Cristina Ilcus, Horatiu Silaghi, Carmen Emanuela Georgescu, Carmen Georgiu, Anca Ileana Ciurea, Simona Delia Nicoara, Cristina Alina Silaghi
Intracranial germinomas are rare tumours, usually affecting male paediatric patients. They frequently develop in the pineal and suprasellar regions, causing endocrinological disturbances, visual deficits, and increased intracranial pressure. The diagnosis is established on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers, and tumour stereotactic biopsy. Imaging techniques, such as susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), T2* (T2-star) gradient echo (GRE) or arterial spin labelling based perfusion-weighted MRI (ASL-PWI) facilitate the diagnosis...
July 14, 2021: Journal of Personalized Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33721063/imaging-of-the-glioma-microenvironment-by-tspo-pet
#25
REVIEW
Bastian Zinnhardt, Federico Roncaroli, Claudia Foray, Erjon Agushi, Bahiya Osrah, Gaëlle Hugon, Andreas H Jacobs, Alexandra Winkeler
Gliomas are highly dynamic and heterogeneous tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). They constitute the most common neoplasm of the CNS and the second most common cause of death from intracranial disease after stroke. The advances in detailing the genetic profile of paediatric and adult gliomas along with the progress in MRI and PET multimodal molecular imaging technologies have greatly improved prognostic stratification of patients with glioma and informed on treatment decisions. Amino acid PET has already gained broad clinical application in the study of gliomas...
December 2021: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33667420/rituximab-plus-high-dose-chemotherapy-megachoep-or-conventional-chemotherapy-choep-14-in-young-high-risk-patients-with-aggressive-b-cell-lymphoma-10-year-follow-up-of-a-randomised-open-label-phase-3-trial
#26
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Fabian Frontzek, Marita Ziepert, Maike Nickelsen, Bettina Altmann, Bertram Glass, Mathias Haenel, Lorenz Truemper, Gerhard Held, Martin Bentz, Peter Borchmann, Martin Dreyling, Andreas Viardot, Frank P Kroschinsky, Bernd Metzner, Annette M Staiger, Heike Horn, German Ott, Andreas Rosenwald, Markus Loeffler, Georg Lenz, Norbert Schmitz
BACKGROUND: R-MegaCHOEP was the first phase 3 study comparing high-dose chemotherapy plus rituximab followed by autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) with conventional chemotherapy plus rituximab in first-line therapy for patients aged 60 years or younger with high-risk aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Little is known about the long-term outcomes of these patients. We aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of conventional chemotherapy versus high-dose chemotherapy after 10 years of follow-up in the R-MegaCHOEP trial...
April 2021: Lancet Haematology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33398536/characterization-of-primary-glioma-cell-lines-derived-from-the-patients-according-to-2016-cns-tumour-who-classification-and-comparison-with-their-parental-tumours
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria Antonietta Oliva, Sabrina Staffieri, Salvatore Castaldo, Felice Giangaspero, Vincenzo Esposito, Antonietta Arcella
BACKGROUND: Gliomas represent about 80% of primary brain tumours and about 30% of malignant ones, which today don't have a resolution therapy because of their variability. A valid model for the study of new personalized therapies can be represented by primary cultures from patient's tumour biopsies. METHODS: In this study we consider 12 novel cell lines established from patients' gliomas and immunohistochemically and molecularly characterized according to the newly updated 2016 CNS Tumour WHO classification...
January 2021: Journal of Neuro-oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33293629/eano-guidelines-on-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-diffuse-gliomas-of-adulthood
#28
REVIEW
Michael Weller, Martin van den Bent, Matthias Preusser, Emilie Le Rhun, Jörg C Tonn, Giuseppe Minniti, Martin Bendszus, Carmen Balana, Olivier Chinot, Linda Dirven, Pim French, Monika E Hegi, Asgeir S Jakola, Michael Platten, Patrick Roth, Roberta Rudà, Susan Short, Marion Smits, Martin J B Taphoorn, Andreas von Deimling, Manfred Westphal, Riccardo Soffietti, Guido Reifenberger, Wolfgang Wick
In response to major changes in diagnostic algorithms and the publication of mature results from various large clinical trials, the European Association of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) recognized the need to provide updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of adult patients with diffuse gliomas. Through these evidence-based guidelines, a task force of EANO provides recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of adult patients with diffuse gliomas. The diagnostic component is based on the 2016 update of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System and the subsequent recommendations of the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumour Taxonomy - Not Officially WHO (cIMPACT-NOW)...
March 2021: Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33228567/spectroscopic-prediction-of-brain-tumours-sport-study-protocol-of-a-prospective-imaging-trial
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pamela Franco, Urs Würtemberger, Karam Dacca, Irene Hübschle, Jürgen Beck, Oliver Schnell, Irina Mader, Harald Binder, Horst Urbach, Dieter Henrik Heiland
BACKGROUND: The revised 2016 WHO-Classification of CNS-tumours now integrates molecular information of glial brain tumours for accurate diagnosis as well as for the development of targeted therapies. In this prospective study, our aim is to investigate the predictive value of MR-spectroscopy in order to establish a solid preoperative molecular stratification algorithm of these tumours. We will process a 1H MR-spectroscopy sequence within a radiomics analytics pipeline. METHODS: Patients treated at our institution with WHO-Grade II, III and IV gliomas will receive preoperative anatomical (T2- and T1-weighted imaging with and without contrast enhancement) and proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) by using chemical shift imaging (MRS) (5 × 5 × 15 mm3 voxel size)...
November 23, 2020: BMC Medical Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32151286/molecular-profiling-of-an-osseous-metastasis-in-glioblastoma-during-checkpoint-inhibition-potential-mechanisms-of-immune-escape
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Malte Mohme, Cecile L Maire, Simon Schliffke, Simon A Joosse, Malik Alawi, Jakob Matschke, Ulrich Schüller, Judith Dierlamm, Tobias Martens, Klaus Pantel, Sabine Riethdorf, Katrin Lamszus, Manfred Westphal
Peripheral metastases of glioblastoma (GBM) are very rare despite the ability of GBM cells to pass through the blood-brain barrier and be disseminated through the peripheral blood. Here, we describe a detailed genetic and immunological characterization of a GBM metastasis in the skeleton, which occurred during anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint therapy. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and 850 K methylation profiling of the primary and recurrent intracranial GBM as well as one of the bone metastases. Copy number alterations (CNA) and mutational profiles were compared to known genomic alterations in the TCGA data base...
March 9, 2020: Acta Neuropathologica Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32105622/larotrectinib-in-patients-with-trk-fusion-positive-solid-tumours-a-pooled-analysis-of-three-phase-1-2-clinical-trials
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David S Hong, Steven G DuBois, Shivaani Kummar, Anna F Farago, Catherine M Albert, Kristoffer S Rohrberg, Cornelis M van Tilburg, Ramamoorthy Nagasubramanian, Jordan D Berlin, Noah Federman, Leo Mascarenhas, Birgit Geoerger, Afshin Dowlati, Alberto S Pappo, Stefan Bielack, François Doz, Ray McDermott, Jyoti D Patel, Russell J Schilder, Makoto Tahara, Stefan M Pfister, Olaf Witt, Marc Ladanyi, Erin R Rudzinski, Shivani Nanda, Barrett H Childs, Theodore W Laetsch, David M Hyman, Alexander Drilon
BACKGROUND: The selective TRK inhibitor larotrectinib was approved for paediatric and adult patients with advanced TRK fusion-positive solid tumours based on a primary analysis set of 55 patients. The aim of our analysis was to explore the efficacy and long-term safety of larotrectinib in a larger population of patients with TRK fusion-positive solid tumours. METHODS: Patients were enrolled and treated in a phase 1 adult, a phase 1/2 paediatric, or a phase 2 adolescent and adult trial...
April 2020: Lancet Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31512645/malignant-transformation-of-pediatric-low-grade-gliomas-report-of-two-cases-and-review-of-a-rare-pathological-phenomenon
#32
K S Avinash, Sumit Thakar, Saritha Aryan, Nandita Ghosal, Alangar S Hegde
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the commonest benign central nervous system (CNS) tumors seen in children. Unlike LGGs in adults, pediatric LGGs rarely undergo malignant transformation. The incidence of malignant transformation of LGGs in the pediatric population has been reported to be up to 10%. Of these, a few patients have demonstrated this phenomenon even without adjuvant radiation therapy. We report two such unusual cases. A 7-year-old girl presented with a left temporal lesion that was operated upon and was reported as pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I)...
July 2019: Neurology India
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31384008/sustained-delivery-and-molecular-targeting-of-a-therapeutic-monoclonal-antibody-to-metastases-in-the-central-nervous-system-of-mice
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Wen, Di Wu, Meng Qin, Chaoyong Liu, Lan Wang, Duo Xu, Harry V Vinters, Yang Liu, Emiko Kranz, Xin Guan, Guibo Sun, Xiaobo Sun, YooJin Lee, Otoniel Martinez-Maza, Daniel Widney, Yunfeng Lu, Irvin S Y Chen, Masakazu Kamata
Approximately 15-40% of all cancers develop metastases in the central nervous system (CNS), yet few therapeutic options exist to treat them. Cancer therapies based on monoclonal antibodies are widely successful, yet have limited efficacy against CNS metastases, owing to the low levels of the drug reaching the tumour site. Here, we show that the encapsulation of rituximab within a crosslinked zwitterionic polymer layer leads to the sustained release of rituximab as the crosslinkers are gradually hydrolysed, enhancing the CNS levels of the antibody by approximately tenfold with respect to the administration of naked rituximab...
September 2019: Nature Biomedical Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31283392/combined-pet-mri-in-brain-glioma-imaging
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karar O Almansory, Francesco Fraioli
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours in children and adults, consisting of a heterogeneous group of neoplastic diseases arise from the supporting cells of the CNS (glial cells). Their histopathological and molecular characteristics vary considerably as do their management and prognosis. Conventional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the primary imaging modality for initial work up and follow up of patients with gliomas, although it has some limitations, especially in differentiating high from low grade tumours and in distinguishing disease recurrence from post-therapy changes...
July 2, 2019: British Journal of Hospital Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30977933/peering-through-a-keyhole-liquid-biopsy-in-primary-and-metastatic-central-nervous-system-tumours
#35
REVIEW
Luca Bertero, Giulia Siravegna, Roberta Rudà, Riccardo Soffietti, Alberto Bardelli, Paola Cassoni
Tumour molecular profiling by liquid biopsy is being investigated for a wide range of research and clinical purposes. The possibility of repeatedly interrogating the tumour profile using minimally invasive procedures is helping to understand spatial and temporal tumour heterogeneity, and to shed a light on mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies. Moreover, this approach has been already implemented in clinical practice to address specific decisions regarding patients' follow up and therapeutic management...
April 12, 2019: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30060998/primary-brain-tumours-in-adults
#36
REVIEW
Sarah Lapointe, Arie Perry, Nicholas A Butowski
Primary CNS tumours refer to a heterogeneous group of tumours arising from cells within the CNS, and can be benign or malignant. Malignant primary brain tumours remain among the most difficult cancers to treat, with a 5 year overall survival no greater than 35%. The most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults are gliomas. Recent advances in molecular biology have improved understanding of glioma pathogenesis, and several clinically significant genetic alterations have been described. A number of these (IDH, 1p/19q codeletion, H3 Lys27Met, and RELA-fusion) are now combined with histology in the revised 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumours...
August 4, 2018: Lancet
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29805091/combination-therapy-of-rabies-infected-mice-with-inhibitors-of-pro-inflammatory-host-response-antiviral-compounds-and-human-rabies-immunoglobulin
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
András Marosi, Lucie Dufkova, Barbara Forró, Orsolya Felde, Károly Erdélyi, Jana Širmarová, Martin Palus, Václav Hönig, Jiří Salát, Réka Tikos, Miklós Gyuranecz, Daniel Růžek, Byron Martina, Penelope Koraka, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Tamás Bakonyi
Recent studies demonstrated that inhibitors of pro-inflammatory molecular cascades triggered by rabies infection in the central nervous system (CNS) can enhance survival in mouse model and that certain antiviral compounds interfere with rabies virus replication in vitro. In this study different combinations of therapeutics were tested to evaluate their effect on survival in rabies-infected mice, as well as on viral load in the CNS. C57Bl/6 mice were infected with Silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV)-18 at virus dose approaching LD50 and LD100 ...
May 24, 2018: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29510639/-non-hodgkin%C3%A2-s-b-lymphoma-of-the-ovaries-with-an-unfavourable-prognosis-incidental-finding-during-caesarean-section
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Kopáčková, P Beránek, I Bydžovská, R Pytlík, J Soukup, M Mrhalová
OBJECTIVE: Presentation of a rare finding non-Hodgkin´s B-lymphoma of the ovary in a patient during caesarean section. DESIGN: Case report. SETTINGS: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Hospital Liberec, a.s.; First Internal Clinic - Clinic of Hematology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University in Prague; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Praque and Motol University Hospital...
December 0: Ceská Gynekologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28949028/cns-embryonal-tumours-who-2016-and-beyond
#39
REVIEW
J C Pickles, C Hawkins, T Pietsch, T S Jacques
Embryonal tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) present a significant clinical challenge. Many of these neoplasms affect young children, have a very high mortality and therapeutic strategies are often aggressive with poor long-term outcomes. There is a great need to accurately diagnose embryonal tumours, predict their outcome and adapt therapy to the individual patient's risk. For the first time in 2016, the WHO classification took into account molecular characteristics for the diagnosis of CNS tumours...
February 2018: Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28577295/response-assessment-with-the-cxcr4-directed-positron-emission-tomography-tracer-68-ga-pentixafor-in-a-patient-with-extranodal-marginal-zone-lymphoma-of-the-orbital-cavities
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Herhaus, Stefan Habringer, Tibor Vag, Katja Steiger, Julia Slotta-Huspenina, Carlos Gerngroß, Benedikt Wiestler, Hans-Jürgen Wester, Markus Schwaiger, Ulrich Keller
CXCR4 belongs to the family of chemokine receptors. Together with its sole known ligand CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha), it has a pivotal role during organogenesis and for homing of hematopoietic stem cells. CXCR4 is overexpressed in various malignancies, and this is often associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, molecular imaging of CXCR4 bears a great potential for diagnostics and selecting patients for CXCR4-directed therapies. The CXCR4-directed positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [(68)Ga]Pentixafor has been shown to visualize CXCR4 expression in various malignancies in vivo...
December 2017: EJNMMI Research
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