Parenteral nutriton

BACKGROUND: Oral intake in infants with intestinal failure (IF) may be limited due to intolerance or feeding difficulties. Guidelines for the introduction of semisolid or solid complementary foods (CFs) to infants with IF do not exist. CF intake and caloric contribution from CF is difficult to assess due to malabsorption and incomplete recording. The aim of this study was to identify institutional approaches to introducing CF to infants with IF. METHODS: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutriton (ASPEN) Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section Registered Dietitian/Nutritionist (RDN) working group designed a 10-question online cloud-based survey to assess group member practice related to the introduction of CF to infants with IF...

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Objective - to determine current clinical practice of nutrition support in hospitals in the UK and to determine whether there have been any apparent changes in practices since 1988. Design - An 81 question survey about enteral and parenteral nutriton was sent to all District Dietitians registered with the British Dietetic Association. Information was collected additionally from pharmacists and clinicians. Results - 61.2% of questionnaires distributed were completed and returned. 32.5% of respondents had access to nutrition support teams, compared with 27% in 1988...

Over the last decades, scientific advances in the knowledge of anti-inflammatory properties of lipids have lead to the development of new formulas for enteral and parenteral nutrition. These products have been utilised as a treatment for a variety of inflammatory diseases. In this review we expose the effects of lipids used in enteral nutriton on different inflammatory pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, lung fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. During inflammatory diseases, eicosanoids are produced from polyunsaturated fatty acids present in cellular membranes...

Although parenteral nutrition has been used widely in the management of sick very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, a smooth transition to the enteral route is most desirable. Animal studies have shown that long periods of starvation are associated with mucosal atrophy and reduction of enzymatic activity. Studies have shown that giving small volumes of feeds frequently exerts a trophic effect on the gut mucosa. This concept has been termed as Minimal Enteral Nutriton (MEN). Clinical benefits of MEN include faster progression to full enteral feeds, lesser episodes of feed intolerance and reduction in hospital stay without a concomitant increase in the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis...

A fully pump-assisted continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration system (CVVHDF) was studied in 10 acute renal failure patients. A counter current pump system ensured slow dialysis at a mean flow rate of 24.6 +/- 0.6 ml/min (single pass) and guaranteed recovery of 97% of dialysate. Ultrafiltration rates were controlled by a separate occlusive pump, connected to the dialysate compartment. Blood was circulated by mean of a third pump at flow rates ranging form 100 to 150 ml/min. Mean duration of CVVHDF was 197 +/- 32 h (range 96-336)...

16 term and preterm neonates received intravenous nutriton for at least three days. The dosage was 1--2 g amino acids, 1 g of fat, and 8--10 g glucose per kg body weight and day. Compatibility was investigated by daily determinations of the amino acid pattern in the serum and measurement of free fatty acids and triglycerides. All results were compared to five neonates who were fed completely orally from the first day of life. Leucine, methionine, proline, and valine levels were elevated during intravenous nutrition, but only the high methionine levels were regarded as a nutrional imbalance...

Two women, aged 41 and 51 years, developed jaundice, encephalopathy, and hypoprothrombinemia during rapid weight loss four and 12 months after jejunoileal bypass for refractory obesity. Both were treated for liver failure and received a prolonged course of nutrition parenterally and orally. Serial liver biopsy specimens demonstrated extensive alcoholic-like hepatitis and cirrhosis that improved with nutritional repletion and reanastomosis. Postoperative biopsy specimens later demonstrated minimal portal fibrosis in one patient and inactive mild cirrhosis in the other...