keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515027/headache-in-the-adult-population-of-cameroon-prevalence-estimates-and-demographic-associations-from-a-cross-sectional-nationwide-population-based-study
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Callixte Kuate Tegueu, Anastase Dzudie Tamdja, Franklin Kom, Blaise Forgwa Barche, Peter Ebasone, Mélanie Magnerou, Paul Mbonda, Jacques Doumbe, Andreas Husøy, Hallie Thomas, Timothy J Steiner
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of headache prevalence, and the burdens attributable to headache disorders, remains incomplete in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): reliable studies have been conducted only in Zambia (southern SSA) and Ethiopia (eastern SSA). As part of the Global Campaign against Headache, we investigated the prevalence of headache in Cameroon, in Central SSA. METHODS: We used the same methodology as the studies in Zambia and Ethiopia, employing cluster-randomized sampling in four regions of Cameroon, selected to reflect the country's geographic, ethnic and cultural diversities...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Headache and Pain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514441/first-report-of-expansion-of-virulence-in-puccinia-striiformis-f-sp-tritici-to-wheat-resistance-genes-yr10-and-yr24-in-the-middle-east
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kumarse Nazari, Ezgi Kurtulus, Handan Kavaz, Rola El Amil, Tina Thach, Hakan Hekiman, Gurkan Basbagci, Emine Burcu Turgay, Doaa R El-Naggar, Walid El-Orabey, Reda I Omara, Kholoud M Alananbeh, Ayed Al-Abdallat, Monther M Tahat, Khaled Heimoun, Ghias Mhairy, Samer Abau Ghorrah
Over the last decade, field assessments of the yellow rust differential lines for resistance genes Yr10 and Yr24 and race analysis in the Middle East have demonstrated efficient yellow rust control by Yr10 and Yr24 (=Yr26). Yellow rust samples collected during 2018-21 in Central West Asia & North and sub-Saharan Africa underwent race analysis at the Regional Cereal Rust Research Center in Izmir, Türkiye. The infected leaf segments were subjected to rehydration at 20°C for three hours. Subsequently, the leaf segments were rubbed on the first leaves of seedlings of susceptible cultivar Morocco...
March 21, 2024: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512767/tuberculosis-preventive-treatment-update-u-s-president-s-emergency-plan-for-aids-relief-36-countries-2016-2023
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aderonke S Ajiboye, Stephanie O'Connor, Jonathan P Smith, Sevim Ahmedov, William L Coggin, Macarthur Charles, Smita Ghosh, Paul Pierre, Neha Shah, Richard A Teran, Patrick K Moonan, Anand Date
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death among persons with HIV. In 2022, an estimated 167,000 TB-related deaths occurred globally among persons with HIV. TB preventive treatment (TPT) helps prevent TB disease and is recommended for persons at high risk for developing TB, including those with HIV. TPT, when taken with antiretroviral treatment (ART), can reduce TB-attributable deaths among persons with HIV. In 2018, the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program committed to offer one course of TPT to all eligible clients receiving ART...
March 21, 2024: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511668/community-views-on-active-case-finding-for-tuberculosis-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-a-qualitative-evidence-synthesis
#24
REVIEW
Melissa Taylor, Nancy Medley, Susanna S van Wyk, Sandy Oliver
BACKGROUND: Active case finding (ACF) refers to the systematic identification of people with tuberculosis in communities and amongst populations who do not present to health facilities, through approaches such as door-to-door screening or contact tracing. ACF may improve access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for the poor and for people remote from diagnostic and treatment facilities. As a result, ACF may also reduce onward transmission. However, there is a need to understand how these programmes are experienced by communities in order to design appropriate services...
March 21, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510963/a-comprehensive-review-of-monkeypox-virus-and-mpox-characteristics
#25
REVIEW
Emmanuel Alakunle, Daniel Kolawole, Diana Diaz-Cánova, Faith Alele, Oyelola Adegboye, Ugo Moens, Malachy Ifeanyi Okeke
Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is the etiological agent of monkeypox (mpox), a zoonotic disease. MPXV is endemic in the forested regions of West and Central Africa, but the virus has recently spread globally, causing outbreaks in multiple non-endemic countries. In this paper, we review the characteristics of the virus, including its ecology, genomics, infection biology, and evolution. We estimate by phylogenomic molecular clock that the B.1 lineage responsible for the 2022 mpox outbreaks has been in circulation since 2016...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506246/interventions-for-self-harm-and-suicidal-ideation-in-africa-a-systematic-review
#26
REVIEW
Dung Ezekiel Jidong, Tarela Juliet Ike, Maisha Murshed, Pam Patrick Nyam, Nusrat Husain, John Ezekiel Jidong, Juliet Yop Pwajok, Christopher Francis, Shadrack Bitrus Mwankon, Emeka Okoli
BACKGROUND: Self-harm and suicidal ideation are increasing public health concerns globally and are paramount in Africa. Therefore, a review of suicidal ideation and self-harm interventions would be beneficial in identifying culturally appropriate interventions for the African context. METHOD: The Population, phenomenon of Interest and Context (PICo) model was adopted to formulate the review strategy. Thus, the Population (Africans), phenomenon of Interest (intervention) and Context (self-harm and suicidal ideation)...
March 20, 2024: Archives of Suicide Research: Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505477/pest-categorisation-of-pyrrhoderma-noxium
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claude Bragard, Paula Baptista, Elisavet Chatzivassiliou, Francesco Di Serio, Paolo Gonthier, Josep Anton Jaques Miret, Annemarie Fejer Justesen, Alan MacLeod, Christer Sven Magnusson, Panagiotis Milonas, Juan A Navas-Cortes, Stephen Parnell, Roel Potting, Emilio Stefani, Hans-Hermann Thulke, Wopke Van der Werf, Antonio Vicent Civera, Jonathan Yuen, Lucia Zappalà, Dejana Golic, Alex Gobbi, Andrea Maiorano, Marco Pautasso, Philippe Lucien Reignault
Following the commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii ) from China performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium , a clearly defined plant pathogenic basidiomycete fungus of the order Hymenochaetales and the family Hymenochaetaceae. The pathogen is considered as opportunistic and has been reported on a wide range of hosts, mainly broad-leaved and coniferous woody plants, causing root rots. In addition, the fungus was reported to live saprophytically on woody substrates and was isolated as an endophyte from a few plant species...
March 2024: EFSA journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503829/the-pleistocene-high-elevation-environments-between-2-02-and-0-6%C3%A2-ma-at-melka-kunture-upper-awash-valley-ethiopia-based-upon-stable-isotope-analysis
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giuseppe Briatico, Hervé Bocherens, Denis Geraads, Rita T Melis, Margherita Mussi
Pleistocene environments are among the most studied issues in paleoecology and human evolution research in eastern Africa. Many data have been recorded from archaeological sites located at low and medium elevations (≤ 1500 m), whereas few contexts are known at 2000 m and above. Here, we present a substantial isotopic study from Melka Kunture, a complex of prehistoric sites located at 2000-2200 m above sea level in the central Ethiopian highlands. We analyzed the stable carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of 308 faunal tooth enamel samples from sites dated between 2...
March 19, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503367/multiplex-pcr-method-for-minion-sequencing-of-bagaza-virus-isolated-from-wild-caught-mosquitoes-in-south-africa
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T R Sekee, R Bubuluma, D van Jaarsveldt, P A Bester, F J Burt
Bagaza virus (BAGV) is a mosquito-borne orthoflavivirus known to occur in regions of southern Europe, Africa, India and the Middle East. The virus has been associated with neurological disease and fatalities in various wild bird species. Association with human disease is not confirmed although limited serological evidence has suggested human infection. Surveillance programs for screening mosquitoes for evidence of arbovirus infection play an important role in providing information regarding the circulation and spread of viruses in specific regions...
March 17, 2024: Journal of Virological Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498589/long-term-hiv-care-outcomes-under-universal-hiv-treatment-guidelines-a-retrospective-cohort-study-in-25-countries
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ellen Brazier, Olga Tymejczyk, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Awachana Jiamsakul, Marco Tulio Luque Torres, Jennifer S Lee, Lisa Abuogi, Vohith Khol, Fernando Mejía Cordero, Keri N Althoff, Matthew G Law, Denis Nash
BACKGROUND: While national adoption of universal HIV treatment guidelines has led to improved, timely uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART), longer-term care outcomes are understudied. There is little data from real-world service delivery settings on patient attrition, viral load (VL) monitoring, and viral suppression (VS) at 24 and 36 months after HIV treatment initiation. METHODS AND FINDINGS: For this retrospective cohort analysis, we used observational data from 25 countries in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium's Asia-Pacific, Central Africa, East Africa, Central/South America, and North America regions for patients who were ART naïve and aged ≥15 years at care enrollment between 24 months before and 12 months after national adoption of universal treatment guidelines, occurring 2012 to 2018...
March 18, 2024: PLoS Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498415/anaesthesia-delivery-systems-in-low-and-lower-middle-income-asian-countries-a-scoping-review-of-capacity-and-effectiveness
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sumbal Shahbaz, Natasha Howard
Literature on anaesthesia systems in low and lower middle-income countries is limited, focused on the Africa region, and provides minimal data on anaesthesia or associated disciplines within intensive care, pain management and emergency medicine. We thus conducted a scoping review of primary and secondary research literature on capacity and effectiveness of anaesthesia delivery in low and lower middle-income countries in the Asia region from 2000-2021, to clarify existing knowledge, important gaps, and possible subsequent steps...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495958/innovation-in-sport-medicine-and-science-a-global-social-network-analysis-of-stakeholder-collaboration-in-rugby-union
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natalie R Erskine, Sharief Hendricks, Ben Jones, Faatiema Salie
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the network of stakeholders involved in rugby union research across the globe. METHODS: Using author affiliations listed on scientific publications, we identified the organisations that contributed to rugby union research from 1977 to 2022 and examine collaboration through coauthorship indicators. We determined the locations and sectors of identified organisations and constructed a collaboration network. Network metrics, including degree centrality and betweenness centrality, are computed to identify influential organisations and measure intersector collaboration...
2024: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495424/a-global-study-into-indian-women-s-experiences-of-domestic-violence-and-control-the-role-of-patriarchal-beliefs
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lata Satyen, Madeleine Bourke-Ibbs, Bosco Rowland
Domestic violence (DV) is a serious and preventable human rights issue that disproportionately affects certain groups of people, including Indian women. Feminist theory suggests that patriarchal ideologies produce an entitlement in male perpetrators of DV; however, this has not been examined in the context of women from the Indian subcontinent. This study examined Indian women's experiences of abuse (physical, sexual, and psychological) and controlling behavior across 31 countries by examining the relationship between the patriarchal beliefs held by the women's partners and the women's experience of DV...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493088/postnatal-care-and-acceptability-of-emollient-therapy-in-very-low-birthweight-infants-in-harare-zimbabwe-a-qualitative-analysis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexa Hui, Gwendoline Chimhini, Margaret Saungweme, Dorah Kaisi, Elisabeth Munetsi, Hilda A Mujuru, Gary L Darmstadt
BACKGROUND: Preterm birth (birth before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy) is the leading cause of neonatal and child under-five mortality globally, both of which are highest regionally in sub-Saharan Africa. The skin barrier plays a critical role in neonatal health and increasing evidence supports the use of topical emollient therapy to promote postnatal growth and reduce hospital-acquired infections in preterm infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends emollient therapy in preterm or low birthweight infants globally but calls for further research on impacts of emollient use, especially in Africa...
March 16, 2024: BMC Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491557/low-diagnostic-performance-of-thick-blood-smears-of-50-%C3%A2%C2%B5l-in-comparison-with-direct-examination-of-10-%C3%A2%C2%B5l-blood-and-the-leukoconcentration-technique-of-5ml-blood-among-loiasis-suspected-patients-with-low-microfilaremia-in-gabon-central-africa-using-the-stard
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noé Patrick M'Bondoukwé, Matthieu Owono-Medang, Marie Noëlle Moussavou-Boussougou, Yvan Akoue, Valentin Migueba, Dmitry Bulaev, Anouk Neven, Luice Aurtin Joel James, Sylvie Alberte Ntsame Ella, Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba, Julienne Atsame, Michel Vaillant, Marielle Karine Bouyou Akotet
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine performance indicators of thick blood smears of 50 µl (TBS-50), following the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-Bayesian Latent Class Model (STARD-BLCM) guidelines. TBS-50 was compared with two common parasitological techniques-direct examination of 10 µl blood and a leukoconcentration of 5 ml-for the diagnosis of microfilaremic loiasis. METHODS: The study population was recruited among patients of the Department of Parasitology-Mycology-Tropical Medicine over a period of 1 year...
March 15, 2024: Parasites & Vectors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489932/transfusion-and-mortality-in-acute-care-surgical-patients-in-malawi-a-propensity-matched-analysis
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Selena J An, Natasha Ngwira, Dylane Davis, Jared Gallaher, Anthony Charles
INTRODUCTION: Information on transfusion-associated outcomes is limited in sub-Saharan Africa. We sought to characterize predictors of mortality in transfused patients with acute care surgical conditions in Malawi. METHODS: We performed a retrospective propensity-matched analysis of patients with acute care surgical conditions at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi from 2013 to 2021. We compared outcomes between patients who did and did not receive transfusions. RESULTS: A total of 7395 patients were included...
March 14, 2024: Journal of Surgical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489811/pediatric-brain-tumors-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arsene Daniel Nyalundja, Ulrick Sidney Kanmounye, Claire Karekezi, Tsegazeab Laeke, Nqobile Thango, James A Balogun
OBJECTIVE: Brain tumors are a global problem, leading to higher cancer-related morbidity and mortality rates in children. Despite the progressive though slow advances in neuro-oncology care, research, and diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the epidemiological landscape of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs) remains underestimated. This study aimed to systematically analyze the distribution of PBT types in SSA. METHODS: Ovid Medline, Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, and faculty of medicine libraries were searched for literature on PBTs in SSA published before October 29, 2022...
March 15, 2024: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488451/raw-unadulterated-african-honey-for-ulcer-healing-in-leprosy-protocol-for-the-honey-experiment-on-leprosy-ulcer-help-randomized-controlled-trial
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sunday Udo, Pius Ogbu Sunday, Paul Alumbugu Tsaku, Israel Olaoluwa Oladejo, Anthony Meka, Linda Chinonso Ugwu, Motunrayo Ajisola, Joshua Akinyemi, Abiola Oladejo, Akinyinka Omigbodun, Sopna Mannan Choudhury, Jo Sartori, Onaedo Ilozumba, Sam Watson, Richard Lilford
BACKGROUND: Leprosy leads to nerve damage and slow-healing ulcers, which are treatable with routine therapy. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of honey for the treatment of different kinds of wounds. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study, Honey Experiment on Leprosy Ulcer (HELP), is to evaluate the healing properties of raw, unadulterated African honey in comparison with normal saline dressing for the treatment leprosy ulcers. METHODS: This is a multicenter, comparative, prospective, single-blinded, parallel-group, and 1:1 individually randomized controlled trial to be conducted at The Leprosy Referral Hospital, Chanchaga in Minna, Niger State, North Central Nigeria, and St...
March 1, 2024: JMIRx med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486241/impact-of-covid-19-on-ophthalmic-surgical-procedures-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-multicentre-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naseer Ally, Sarah Ismail, Natasha Naidu, Ismail Makda, Ismail Mayet, Michael E Gyasi, Peter Makafui, Arlette Nomo, Chantal Nanfack, Anesu T Madikane, Walda D Pohl, Bayanda N Mbambisa, Jonathan T Oettle, Feyi Adepoju, Toibat B Tota-Bolarinwa, Amelia Buque, Sidonia J N Khalau, Douglas Zirima, Brian Takayidza, Ugochukwu A Eze, Akinyemi Adedeji, Frank Sandi, Jacinta Feksi, Ogugua Okonkwo, Adekunle Hassan, Nagib du Toit, Shahlaa Petersen, Caroline Tsimi, Viola Dovoma, Mustapha Bature, Mohammed Adamu, Suhanyah Okeke, Ifeoma N Asimadu, Nkiru N Kizor-Akaraiwe, Chinyelu N Ezisi, Henry E Nkumbe, Tchoyou T M Olivier, Hassan D Alli
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on healthcare and ophthalmology services globally. Numerous studies amongst various medical and surgical specialties showed a reduction in patient attendance and surgical procedures performed. Prior published ophthalmic literature focused on specific types of procedures and were usually single centre. The current study attempts to quantify the impact on a larger scale, namely that of sub-Saharan Africa, and to include all ophthalmic subspecialties...
March 15, 2024: Tropical Medicine and Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484745/elimination-of-transmission-of-onchocerciasis-river-blindness-with-long-term-ivermectin-mass-drug-administration-with-or-without-vector-control-in-sub-saharan-africa-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nyamai Mutono, Maria-Gloria Basáñez, Ananthu James, Wilma A Stolk, Anita Makori, Teresia Njoki Kimani, T Déirdre Hollingsworth, Andreia Vasconcelos, Matthew A Dixon, Sake J de Vlas, S M Thumbi
BACKGROUND: WHO has proposed elimination of transmission of onchocerciasis (river blindness) by 2030. More than 99% of cases of onchocerciasis are in sub-Saharan Africa. Vector control and mass drug administration of ivermectin have been the main interventions for many years, with varying success. We aimed to identify factors associated with elimination of onchocerciasis transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis we searched for published articles reporting epidemiological or entomological assessments of onchocerciasis transmission status in sub-Saharan Africa, with or without vector control...
March 11, 2024: Lancet Global Health
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