Anti-thrombosis

Purpose: The absence of a complete endothelial cell layer is a well-recognized reason leading to small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular graft failure. Here we reported a multifunctional system consisting of chitosan (CS), Arg-Glu-Asp-Val (REDV) peptide, heparin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to achieve sustained anti-thrombosis and rapid endothelialization for decellularized and photo-oxidized bovine internal mammary arteries (DP-BIMA). Methods: CS-REDV copolymers were synthesized via a transglutaminase (TGase) catalyzed reaction...

Holothurian glycosaminoglycan (hGAG) is extracted from the body wall of the sea cucumber, and previous studies have shown many unique bioactivities of hGAG, including antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, anti coagulation, anti thrombosis, anti-inflammation, antidiabetic effect, antivirus, and immune regulation. The effects of 3W and 5W molecular weights hGAG with hematoporphyrin derivative-photodynamic therapy (HPD-PDT) on lung cancer were investigated. Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, 3W molecular weight hGAG group, 5W molecular weight hGAG group, HPD-PDT group, 3W molecular weight hGAG + HPD-PDT group, and 5W molecular weight hGAG + HPD-PDT group...

Commercial glutaraldehyde (Glut) cross-linked bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) fabricated from the pericardium have become the most popular choice for treating heart valve diseases. Nevertheless, thrombosis, inflammation and calcification might lead to structural valve degeneration (SVD), which limited the durability of BHVs. Herein, to improve the biocompatibility of BHVs, we fabricated a poly-(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) coated porcine pericardium (PMEA-PP) through grafting PMEA to the porcine pericardium (PP) that was pre-treated with Glut and methacrylated polylysine...

Endowing materials with catalytic activities analogous to those of the natural endothelium to thus enhance their biological performance has become an option for constructing advanced blood-contact materials. The electron transfer between Cu2+ and Cu+ in the porphyrin center can catalyze the reaction of GSH and GSNO to generate NO, and this electron transfer can also catalyze the decomposition of ROS. Based on this, we created a dual-catalytic surface possessing NO-generating and ROS-scavenging activities to better mimic the versatile catalytic abilities of the endothelium...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemic poses a major global public health threat with more than one million daily new infections and hundreds of deaths. To combat this global pandemic, efficient prevention and management strategies are urgently needed. Together with the main characteristics of COVID-19, impaired coagulation with dysfunctions of the immune response in COVID-19 pathophysiology causes high mortality and morbidity...

Lonicerae Japonicae Flos has been used as a tea and medicine for more than 1,500 years. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxification, and is often used to treat carbuncle, furuncle, throat arthralgia, erysipelas, heat-toxic blood dysentery, febrile fever. This paper summarizes the botany, ethnopharmacology, chemical composition and pharmacological action of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos from 1986 to 2022, and looks forward to the future research direction of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. At present, the components isolated from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos include essential oils, organic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, saponins and other compounds...

Cardiovascular disease (especially atherosclerosis) is a major cause of death worldwide, and novel diagnostic tools and treatments for this disease are urgently needed. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that specifically recognize and bind to the targets by forming unique structures in vivo , enabling them to rival antibodies in cardiac applications. Chemically synthesized aptamers can be readily modified in a site-specific way, so they have been engineered in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases and anti-thrombosis therapeutics...

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial result of complicated pathophysiology. Changes in the expression of polygenes, coupled with environmental and lifestyle factors, trigger a cascade of adverse events involving a variety of cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages. In this review, we summarize the function and therapeutic targets of atherosclerotic cells. This article reviews the role of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells in the development of atherosclerosis and the progress in the treatment of atherosclerosis by targeting these cells...

Background: The florets of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is an important traditional medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. However, its bioactive compounds and mechanism of action need further clarification. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of 6-hydroxykaempferol 3,6- di - O -glucoside-7- O -glucuronide (HGG) from Safflower on endothelial injury in vitro , and to verify its anti-thrombotic activity in vivo . Methods: The endothelial injury on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R)...

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is calcium-dependent aryldialkylphosphatase, thought to possess; anti-oxidant, anti-adhesion, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis and anti-apoptosis effects, as well as lipid-modifying properties. Numerous clinical studies have shown associations between different PON1 polymorphisms and different cardiovascular pathologies. The rs622 (c.575A > G) and the rs854560 (c.163A > T) are the most studied PON1 SNPs in the coding region, with rs705381 (- 162A/G), rs854572 (- 909G/C) and rs705379 (- 108C/T) being the most studied SNPs in the regulatory PON1 gene region...

Patients with multiple myeloma are at increased risk of vascular thromboembolic events (VTEs). This post hoc analysis evaluated VTEs in the randomised phase 2 GRIFFIN study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02874742) that investigated lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (RVd) ± daratumumab (D). Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who were eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) received D-RVd/RVd induction, high-dose therapy and ASCT, D-RVd/RVd consolidation and up to 2 years of lenalidomide maintenance therapy ± D...

As a result of thrombosis or intimal hyperplasia, synthetic artificial vascular grafts had a low success rate when they were used to replace small-diameter arteries (inner diameter < 6 mm). C-type natriuretic peptides (CNP) have anti-thrombotic effects, and can promote endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) over-growth. In this study, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) vascular grafts loaded with CNP (PCL-CNP) were constructed by electrospinning. The PCL-CNP grafts were able to continuously release CNP at least 25 days in vitro...

Prosthetic implants of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) in the cardiovascular system have a high failure rate over the long term because of thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. Although multiple surface modification methods have been applied to improve the anti-thrombotic and in situ endothelialization abilities of ePTFE, none have delivered outstanding results in vivo . Our previous study combined heparin/collagen multilayers and REDV peptides to modify ePTFE, and the in-vitro results showed that modification ePTFE with heparin/collagen-REDV can promote the cytocompatibility and antiplatelet property...

BACKGROUND: As one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, stroke and its recurrence has attracted more and more attention. Dl-3-n-butylphthalidle(NBP) has been widely used for treating acute ischemic stroke in China and shows a great clinical effect. NBP plays a role in different pathophysiological processes in the treatment of ischemic stroke, including antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-thrombosis, and mitochondrial protection. Many randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trials suggest that NBP is a safe and effective treatment for ischemic stroke...

Background and Objective: Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the main diseases threatening human health and survival and is a commonly occurring disease in neurology. Due to its high disability rate, ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the most important diseases to be prevented and treated at present. The risk factors of cerebral ischemia include atherosclerosis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and blood viscosity caused by thrombocytosis. After cerebral ischemia, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury may be induced by oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory reaction, nitric oxide damage, apoptosis, excitatory amino acid toxicity, calcium (Ca2+ ) overload, and other mechanisms...

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most commonly inherited metabolic disease and has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Patients with FH usually present with high levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, xanthomas and early coronary artery disease. Children with FH are subject to developing early and enhanced atherosclerosis, leading to an increased risk of coronary events. We report here an 8-year-old patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who was diagnosed with homozygous FH (HoFH) due to mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene and subsequently treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) after filtration plasma...

BACKGROUND: After thrombosis, t-PA thrombolysis is the first choice, but the use of t-PA can easily lead to hemorrhagic injury and neurotoxicity. The combination of Danhong injection (DHI) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) therapy may be a new strategy to find high-efficiency anti-thrombosis and low bleeding risk. However, nothing is about the effect of DHI plus t-PA on platelet activation. PURPOSE: The present research was to explore the optimal dose of DHI and t-PA in vivo and mechanisms involved with the treatment of combining DHI and t-PA for thrombotic disease and determined whether DHI plus t-PA affects thrombotic processes related to platelet activation...

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed worse prognosis and higher mortality in individuals with obesity. Dyslipidemia is a major link between obesity and COVID-19 severity. Statins as the most common lipid regulating drugs have shown favorable effects in various pathophysiological states. Importantly, accumulating observational studies have suggested that statin use is associated with reduced risk of progressing to severe illness and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Possible explanations underlie these protective impacts include their abilities of reducing cholesterol, suppressing viral entry and replication, anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, as well as anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative properties...

In-stent restenosis (ISR) is seriously affecting the long-term prognosis of vascular interventional therapy and leading to enormous medical burdens. Great efforts have been devoted to developing functional vascular stents with desired features and properties for effective ISR prevention. Here, a multifunctional bionic vascular stent with designed coatings prepared using microfluidic electrospinning technology is presented. Such stents are composed of biocompatible, drug-loaded methylacrylated gelatin-polyethylene glycol diacrylate (GelMA-PEGDA) and polycaprolactone composite nanofibers on 316L stainless steel stents by an easy-to-operate step-by-step spraying method...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the combination effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS)and dual antiplatelet drugs (DAPT), and to explore the mechanism via cyclooxygenase /prostaglandin pathway. METHODS: Right carotid artery thrombosis was induced in Wistar rats by infiltration with 70% FeCl3 , and the animals were randomly divided into sham group, model group, DAPT group and PNS + DAPT group, intragastrically treated for 4 weeks. The cerebral pia mater microcirculation was observed in vivo after anesthetizing by anatomical microscope...