keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25962145/pathogenicity-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-virus-h5n1-in-naturally-infected-poultry-in-egypt
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ibrahim Thabet Hagag, Shimaa M G Mansour, Zerui Zhang, Ahmed A H Ali, El-Bakry M Ismaiel, Ali A Salama, Carol J Cardona, James Collins, Zheng Xing
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 has been endemic in Egypt since 2006, and there is increasing concern for its potential to become highly transmissible among humans. Infection by HPAIV H5N1 has been described in experimentally challenged birds. However, the pathogenicity of the H5N1 isolated in Egypt has never been reported in naturally infected chickens and ducks. Here we report a 2013 outbreak of HPAIV H5N1 in commercial poultry farms and backyards in Sharkia Province, Egypt. The main symptoms were ecchymosis on the shanks and feet, cyanosis of the comb and wattles, subcutaneous edema of the head and neck for chickens, and nervous signs (torticollis) for ducks...
2015: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25435177/genetic-characterisation-of-influenza-b-viruses-detected-in-singapore-2004-to-2009
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Raihan Jumat, Richard J Sugrue, Boon-Huan Tan
BACKGROUND: Influenza B viruses are classified into two main lineages: Yamagata-like and Victoria-like, which differ antigenically and phylogenetically. To understand the evolution of influenza B viruses in South East Asia as well as to determine the vaccine efficacy, we genetically characterised gene segments 4, 6 and 8 from non-tissue culture adapted influenza B viruses detected in Singapore from 2004 to 2009. METHODS: vRNA were extracted from the nasopharyngeal swabs or nasal washes of SAF servicemen displaying febrile and respiratory symptoms, and subjected to PCR assay to test for the presence of influenza B virus...
2014: BMC Research Notes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25210166/accumulation-of-human-adapting-mutations-during-circulation-of-a-h1n1-pdm09-influenza-virus-in-humans-in-the-united-kingdom
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruth A Elderfield, Simon J Watson, Alexandra Godlee, Walt E Adamson, Catherine I Thompson, Jake Dunning, Mirian Fernandez-Alonso, Deena Blumenkrantz, Tracy Hussell, Maria Zambon, Peter Openshaw, Paul Kellam, Wendy S Barclay
UNLABELLED: The influenza pandemic that emerged in 2009 provided an unprecedented opportunity to study adaptation of a virus recently acquired from an animal source during human transmission. In the United Kingdom, the novel virus spread in three temporally distinct waves between 2009 and 2011. Phylogenetic analysis of complete viral genomes showed that mutations accumulated over time. Second- and third-wave viruses replicated more rapidly in human airway epithelial (HAE) cells than did the first-wave virus...
November 2014: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25100840/influenza-a-virus-acquires-enhanced-pathogenicity-and-transmissibility-after-serial-passages-in-swine
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kai Wei, Honglei Sun, Zhenhong Sun, Yipeng Sun, Weili Kong, Juan Pu, Guangpeng Ma, Yanbo Yin, Hanchun Yang, Xin Guo, Kin-Chow Chang, Jinhua Liu
Genetic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus was derived from well-established swine influenza lineages; however, there is no convincing evidence that the pandemic virus was generated from a direct precursor in pigs. Furthermore, the evolutionary dynamics of influenza virus in pigs have not been well documented. Here, we subjected a recombinant virus (rH1N1) with the same constellation makeup as the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus to nine serial passages in pigs. The severity of infection sequentially increased with each passage...
October 2014: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25003973/genetic-dynamic-analysis-of-the-influenza-a-h5n1-ns1-gene-in-china
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaifa Wei, Yanhui Chen, Yina Lin, Yutian Pan
The direct precursors of the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (GS/GD) virus lineage and its reassortants have been established geographically and ecologically. To investigate the variation and evolutionary dynamics of H5N1 viruses, whole-genome viral sequences (n = 164) were retrieved from the NCBI Influenza Virus Resource. Here, we present phylogenetic evidence for intrasubtype reassortments among H5N1 viruses isolated from China during 1996-2012. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, we identified four major groups and further classified the reassortant viruses into three subgroups...
2014: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24758106/characterization-of-a-low-pathogenic-avian-influenza-h5n2-virus-isolated-from-a-turkey-breeder-flock-in-manitoba-canada
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Y Berhane, T Joseph, H Kehler, T Hisanaga, C Embury-Hyatt, S Diederich, K Hooper McGreevy, K Handel, C Cottam-Birt, J Pasick
In November 2010, an outbreak of avian influenza (AI) due to the H5N2 subtype virus occurred in a turkey breeder farm in northern Manitoba, Canada. The only clinical signs observed were depression, decrease in food consumption, and loss of egg production. The hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage (HA(0)) site of the isolated H5N2 virus was PQRETR/GLF, consistent with low pathogenic AI viruses. The intravenous pathogenicity index of this virus was zero. Whole-genome sequencing of two isolates that originated from two different barns was performed, and both isolates had 100% identical protein sequence in PB2, HA, NP, M1, M2, NS1, and NS2...
March 2014: Avian Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24574395/an-unbiased-genetic-screen-reveals-the-polygenic-nature-of-the-influenza-virus-anti-interferon-response
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maite Pérez-Cidoncha, Marian J Killip, Juan C Oliveros, Víctor J Asensio, Yolanda Fernández, José A Bengoechea, Richard E Randall, Juan Ortín
UNLABELLED: Influenza A viruses counteract the cellular innate immune response at several steps, including blocking RIG I-dependent activation of interferon (IFN) transcription, interferon (IFN)-dependent upregulation of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and the activity of various ISG products; the multifunctional NS1 protein is responsible for most of these activities. To determine the importance of other viral genes in the interplay between the virus and the host IFN response, we characterized populations and selected mutants of wild-type viruses selected by passage through non-IFN-responsive cells...
May 2014: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24415946/intrasubtype-reassortments-cause-adaptive-amino-acid-replacements-in-h3n2-influenza-genes
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexey D Neverov, Ksenia V Lezhnina, Alexey S Kondrashov, Georgii A Bazykin
Reassortments and point mutations are two major contributors to diversity of Influenza A virus; however, the link between these two processes is unclear. It has been suggested that reassortments provoke a temporary increase in the rate of amino acid changes as the viral proteins adapt to new genetic environment, but this phenomenon has not been studied systematically. Here, we use a phylogenetic approach to infer the reassortment events between the 8 segments of influenza A H3N2 virus since its emergence in humans in 1968...
January 2014: PLoS Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24161299/molecular-phylogeny-and-evolutionary-dynamics-of-influenza-a-nonstructural-ns-gene
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianpeng Xu, Haizhen A Zhong, Alex Madrahimov, Tomáš Helikar, Guoqing Lu
While the nonstructural gene (NS) of the influenza A virus plays a crucial role in viral virulence and replication, the complete understanding of its molecular phylogeny and evolutionary dynamics remains lacking. In this study, the phylogenetic analysis of 7581 NS sequences revealed ten distinct lineages within alleles A and B: three host-specific (human, classical swine and equine), two reassortment-originated (A(H1N1)pdm09 and triple reassortment swine), one transmission-originated (Eurasian swine), and two geographically isolated avian (Eurasian/Oceanian and North American) for allele A and two geographically isolated avian (Eurasian/Oceanian and North American) for allele B...
March 2014: Infection, Genetics and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24016442/-genetic-evolution-of-non-structural-gene-among-avian-influenza-h5n1-viruses-isolated-from-the-boundary-of-yunnan-province
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xue Xiao, Wen-dong Zhang, Bo-fang Duan, Huan-yun Zhao, Qing-liang Liu, Ting-song Hu, Wei Qiu, Zi-liang Feng, Ying Zheng, Quan-shui Fan, Ying-guo Zhang, Fu-qiang Zhang
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the characteristics of variation and the genetic evolution of non-structural protein (NS1, NS2) genes related to avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses isolated from the boundary region of Yunnan province. METHODS: Swab samples were collected from foreign poultry and wild birds in the boundary regions of Yunnan province and screened by H5/N1 subtype-specific multiplex RT-PCR. The NS segment of H5N1 virus from the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vectors for sequencing...
May 2013: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue za Zhi, Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23959028/the-non-structural-ns-gene-segment-of-h9n2-influenza-virus-isolated-from-backyard-poultry-in-pakistan-reveals-strong-genetic-and-functional-similarities-to-the-ns-gene-of-highly-pathogenic-h5n1
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Munir, Siamak Zohari, Munir Iqbal, Muhammad Abbas, Daniel Roberto Perez, Mikael Berg
Apart from natural reassortment, co-circulation of different avian influenza virus strains in poultry populations can lead to generation of novel variants and reassortant viruses. In this report, we studied the genetics and functions of a reassorted non-structural gene (NS) of H9N2 influenza virus collected from back yard poultry (BYP) flock. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes indicates that an isolate from BYP belongs to H9N2. However, the NS gene-segment of this isolate cluster into genotype Z, clade 2...
October 1, 2013: Virulence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23667580/protein-clustering-and-rna-phylogenetic-reconstruction-of-the-influenza-a-corrected-virus-ns1-protein-allow-an-update-in-classification-and-identification-of-motif-conservation
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edgar E Sevilla-Reyes, David A Chavaro-Pérez, Elvira Piten-Isidro, Luis H Gutiérrez-González, Teresa Santos-Mendoza
The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A virus (IAV), coded by its third most diverse gene, interacts with multiple molecules within infected cells. NS1 is involved in host immune response regulation and is a potential contributor to the virus host range. Early phylogenetic analyses using 50 sequences led to the classification of NS1 gene variants into groups (alleles) A and B. We reanalyzed NS1 diversity using 14,716 complete NS IAV sequences, downloaded from public databases, without host bias. Removal of sequence redundancy and further structured clustering at 96...
2013: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23408626/synergistic-effect-of-the-pdz-and-p85%C3%AE-binding-domains-of-the-ns1-protein-on-virulence-of-an-avian-h5n1-influenza-a-virus
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shufang Fan, Catherine A Macken, Chengjun Li, Makoto Ozawa, Hideo Goto, N F N Iswahyudi, Chairul A Nidom, Hualan Chen, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
The influenza A virus NS1 protein affects virulence through several mechanisms, including the host's innate immune response and various signaling pathways. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 subtype continue to evolve through reassortment and mutations. Our recent phylogenetic analysis identified a group of HPAI H5N1 viruses with two characteristic mutations in NS1: the avian virus-type PDZ domain-binding motif ESEV (which affects virulence) was replaced with ESKV, and NS1-138F (which is highly conserved among all influenza A viruses and may affect the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI3K]/Akt signaling pathway) was replaced with NS1-138Y...
May 2013: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/23055004/molecular-characterization-of-avian-like-h1n1-swine-influenza-a-viruses-isolated-in-eastern-china-2011
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xian Qi, Yuning Pan, Yuanfang Qin, Rongqiang Zu, Fengyang Tang, Minghao Zhou, Hua Wang, Yongchun Song
Currently, three predominant subtypes of influenza virus are prevalent in pig populations worldwide: H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2. European avian-like H1N1 viruses, which were initially detected in European pig populations in 1979, have been circulating in pigs in eastern China since 2007. In this study, six influenza A viruses were isolated from 60 swine lung samples collected from January to April 2011 in eastern China. Based on whole genome sequencing, molecular characteristics of two isolates were determined. Phylogenetic analysis showed the eight genes of the two isolates were closely related to those of the avian-like H1N1 viruses circulating in pig populations, especially similar to those found in China...
October 2012: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22764530/-genetic-analysis-of-the-ns-genes-of-h5n1-avian-influenza-viruses-isolated-from-sewage-in-poultry-markets
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin-Hua Ou, Ru-Sheng Zhang, Ke-Yun Song, Tian-Mu Chen, Ru-Chun Liu, Bian-Cheng Sun, Fa-Ming Chen
In order to investigate the transmission risk of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIV) from sewage in Changsha poultry markets, the evolution relationship and molecular characteristics of non-structural (NS) genes of H5N1 AIV from sewage were analyzed. Nine H5N1 AIV environmental sewage specimens were collected from Changsha poultry markets. The NS genes were amplifyed by PCR and then sequenced with TA cloning. Amino acid(aa) sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis were conducted by Lasergene and Mega5 software...
May 2012: Bing du Xue Bao, Chinese Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22398283/influenza-virus-sequence-feature-variant-type-analysis-evidence-of-a-role-for-ns1-in-influenza-virus-host-range-restriction
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jyothi M Noronha, Mengya Liu, R Burke Squires, Brett E Pickett, Benjamin G Hale, Gillian M Air, Summer E Galloway, Toru Takimoto, Mirco Schmolke, Victoria Hunt, Edward Klem, Adolfo García-Sastre, Monnie McGee, Richard H Scheuermann
Genetic drift of influenza virus genomic sequences occurs through the combined effects of sequence alterations introduced by a low-fidelity polymerase and the varying selective pressures experienced as the virus migrates through different host environments. While traditional phylogenetic analysis is useful in tracking the evolutionary heritage of these viruses, the specific genetic determinants that dictate important phenotypic characteristics are often difficult to discern within the complex genetic background arising through evolution...
May 2012: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22217077/surveillance-in-eastern-india-2007-2009-revealed-reassortment-event-involving-ns-and-pb1-f2-gene-segments-among-co-circulating-influenza-a-subtypes
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mehuli Sarkar, Shampa Chanda, Sekhar Chakrabarti, Jaydeep Mazumdar, Anirban Ganguly, Mandeep S Chadha, Akhilesh C Mishra, Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus encodes for eleven proteins, of which HA, NA, NS1 and PB1-F2 have been implicated in viral pathogenicity and virulence. Thus, in addition to the HA and NA gene segments, monitoring diversity of NS1 and PB1-F2 is also important. METHODS: 55 out of 166 circulating influenza A strains (31 H1N1 and 24 H3N2) were randomly picked during 2007-2009 and NS and PB1-F2 genes were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out with reference to the prototype strains, concurrent vaccine strains and other reference strains isolated world wide...
2012: Virology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/22160937/phylogenetic-analysis-of-the-non-structural-ns-gene-of-influenza-a-viruses-isolated-in-kazakhstan-in-2002-2009
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrey Bogoyavlenskiy, Vladimir Berezin, Alexey Prilipov, Ilya Korotetskiy, Irina Zaitseva, Aydyn Kydyrmanov, Kobey Karamedin, Nailya Ishmukhametova, Saule Asanova, Marat Sayatov, Kainar Zhumatov
Although the important role of the non-structural (NS1 and NEP) gene of influenza A in virulence of the virus is well established, our knowledge about the extent of variation in the NS gene pool of influenza A viruses in their natural reservoirs in Kazakhstan is incomplete. 17 influenza A viruses of different subtypes were studied in this paper. Seven types of haemagglutinin and five different neuraminidase subtypes in eight combinations were found among the isolated viruses. A comparison of nucleotide sequences of isolated viruses revealed a substantial number of silent mutations, which results in high degree of homology in amino acid sequences...
December 2011: Virologica Sinica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21933546/-molecular-characterization-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-viruses-isolated-from-humans-in-hunan-province-2006-2009
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-wei Huang, Li-bo Dong, Jun-hua Li, Yun-zhi Liu, Li-dong Gao, Hong Zhang, Zhang Chen, Shi-xiong Hu, Fang-cai Li, Yue-long Shu
OBJECTIVE: To understand the possible origins, genetic re-assortment and molecular characterization of 4 highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated from humans in Hunan province, between 2006 and 2009. METHODS: H5N1 PCR test-positive specimens were inoculated in embryonated eggs while H5N1 virus was isolated and genomes sequenced. Genome homology and genetic molecular characterization were analyzed by BLAST and MEGA 4.0. RESULTS: All gene segments of the 4 viruses were avian in origin...
July 2011: Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue za Zhi, Zhonghua Liuxingbingxue Zazhi
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21620592/genetic-analysis-of-the-matrix-and-non-structural-genes-of-equine-influenza-virus-h3n8-from-epizootic-of-2008-2009-in-india
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nitin Virmani, B C Bera, K Shanumugasundaram, B K Singh, B R Gulati, R K Singh, R K Vaid
India faced an epizootic of equine influenza in 2008-2009. The isolated viruses were typed as H3N8 and grouped with the clade 2 viruses of Florida sublineage on the basis of haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence analysis. This report describes the genetic analysis and selection pressure of matrix (M) and non-structural 1 (NS1) genes of the Indian isolates. All isolates shared 98.41% and 99.54% homology with other clade 2 viruses of Asian origin for M1 and M2 amino acid (aa) sequences, respectively. There were 3 and 4 unique aa residue changes respectively in M1 and M2 proteins in all Asian isolates...
August 26, 2011: Veterinary Microbiology
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