Shape analysis

BACKGROUND: Gliomas, as Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, are greatly common with 80% of malignancy. Treatment methods for gliomas, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy depend on the grade, size, location, and the patient's age. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify glioma based on the radiomics analysis and classify its grade into High-grade Glioma (HGG) or Low-grade Glioma (LGG) by various machine-learning methods using contrast-enhanced brain Computerized Tomography (CT) scans...

INTRODUCTION: The rumen microbial community plays a crucial role in the digestion and metabolic processes of ruminants. Although sequencing-based studies have helped reveal the diversity and functions of bacteria in the rumen, their physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as their dynamic regulation along the digestion process in the rumen, remain poorly understood. Addressing these gaps requires pure culture studies to demystify the intricate mechanisms at play. Bacteria exhibit morphological differentiation associated with different species...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Because of the global population aging, more informal carers become older adults. In Nigeria, the African country with the largest population of adults aged 60 years and older, self-construal rooted in the African collectivist philosophy generally shapes informal caregiving for older adults. However, there is a general paucity of studies on older adults' informal caregiving roles, particularly about their motivations for caregiving. This study explored older adults' motives for informal caregiving to their care recipients in urban Southeast Nigeria...

BACKGROUND: People living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face an increased risk of severe outcomes such as hospitalization or death from COVID-19. COVID-19 vaccination is a vital approach to mitigate the risk and severity of infection in patients with CKD. Limited information exists regarding the factors that shape COVID-19 vaccine uptake, including health information-seeking behavior and perceptions, within the CKD population. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to describe among CKD patients, (1) health information-seeking behavior on COVID-19, (2) their capacity to comprehend and trust COVID-19 information from different sources, and (3) their perceptions concerning COVID-19 infection and vaccination...

In this research, a free convective flow of water inside an H -shaped hollow structure which is subjected to the existence of an exterior magnetic field and Joule heating is computationally investigated. The structure's right and left upright surfaces are maintained at invariant ambient thermal condition, while the top and bottom-most surfaces of the structure are in adiabatic condition. The rest of the inner walls are heated isothermally. Computational analysis is carried out for different configurations of the chamber by solving Navier-Stokes and heat energy equations via the finite element approach...

BACKGROUND: Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare has transformed the landscape of patient care and healthcare delivery. Despite this, there remains a notable gap in the existing literature synthesizing the comprehensive understanding of AI's utilization in nursing care. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to synthesize the available evidence to comprehensively understand the application of AI in nursing care. METHODS: Studies published between January 2019 and December 2023, identified through CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, were included in this review...

INTRODUCTION: Integrating climate change and health into a medical school curriculum is critical for future physicians who will manage health crises caused by a rapidly changing climate. Although medical schools have increasingly included climate change in the curriculum, there remains a need to address the link between the climate crisis, environmental justice, and historical policies that shape environmental health disparities in local communities. METHODS: In academic years 2021-2022 (AY22) and 2022-2023 (AY23), second-year medical students participated in a 2...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the perceptions of mothers with stunted children regarding the factors contributing to stunting in Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia. INTRODUCTION: Stunting is intricately linked to underlying risk factors, and understanding these factors is crucial for preventing its recurrence, particularly for mothers who play a central role in caring for stunted children. METHODS: The research sample consisted of mothers referred by the Perhentian Raja Community Health Center with stunted children...

BACKGROUND: The transition to fatherhood represents one of the most significant changes in a man's life and brings many challenges. Despite the great importance of this period, empirical data on it are not abundant, with only a small amount of psychological research on fatherhood available in the Czech Republic; this topic is also rather marginalized abroad. This qualitative study aims to explore men's unique experiences with the process of becoming a father and to understand how paternal identity is shaped...

This study examined the reliability of respirators using hierarchical analysis and multicriteria decision-making. The hierarchical structure, which consists of three assessment criteria and six product assemblies as decision possibilities, reveals that the priority of evaluation criteria follows the trend of cost, complexity and technology. Face-piece, triple-piece and visor assemblies have the highest failure rate, according to an analysis of product reliability at the assembly level. However, according to the analysis at the parts level, the most likely failures are found in the face-piece, upper and lower visor frames, visor, head-harness, exhalation valve disc and exhalation valve seat...

Dignity is a central value in care for aged adults, and it must be protected and respected. With demographic changes leading to an aging population, health ministries are increasingly investing in digitalization. However, using unfamiliar digital technology can be challenging and thus impact aged adults' dignity and well-being. The INNOVATEDIGNITY project aims to research new, dignified ways of engaging with aged adults to shape digital developments in care delivery. This qualitative study aimed to explore how innovative digitally-led healthcare have influenced aged adults' well-being and dignity through three studies conducted as part of the INNOVATEDIGNITY project: a scoping review, an empirical study and a policy analysis...

BACKGROUND: Severe hematoma expansion (sHE) has the strongest impact on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcome. We investigated the predictors of sHE. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of ICH patients admitted at nine sites in Italy, Germany, China, and Canada. The following imaging features were analyzed: non-contrast CT (NCCT) hypodensities, heterogeneous density, blend sign, irregular shape, and CT angiography (CTA) spot sign. The outcome of interest was sHE, defined as volume increase >66% and/or >12...

BACKGROUND: Although the importance of context in implementation science is not disputed, knowledge about the actual impact of external context variables on implementation processes remains rather fragmented. Current frameworks, models, and studies merely describe macro-level barriers and facilitators, without acknowledging their dynamic character and how they impact and steer implementation. Including organizational theories in implementation frameworks could be a way of tackling this problem...

BACKGROUND: Rectal cancer treatment has transformed in recent years, with neoadjuvant treatment (NT) and total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) aiming to enhance pathological responses. This pioneering study in our country delves into rectal cancer management, offering crucial insights by examining pathological outcomes in patients treated with the NT and TNT approach, shaping the evolving landscape. METHODS: In this retrospective-cohort study spanning January 2017 to December 2022 at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan, ethical approval was obtained to examine outcomes of two treatments...

BACKGROUND: Genomes are inherently inhomogeneous, with features such as base composition, recombination, gene density, and gene expression varying along chromosomes. Evolutionary, biological, and biomedical analyses aim to quantify this variation, account for it during inference procedures, and ultimately determine the causal processes behind it. Since sequential observations along chromosomes are not independent, it is unsurprising that autocorrelation patterns have been observed e.g...

In this paper, we introduce in-depth the analysis of CNNs and ViT architectures in medical images, with the goal of providing insights into subsequent research direction. In particular, the origins of deep neural networks should be explainable for medical images, but there has been a paucity of studies on such explainability in the aspect of deep neural network architectures. Therefore, we investigate the origin of model performance, which is the clue to explaining deep neural networks, focusing on the two most relevant architectures, such as CNNs and ViT...

In the context of Turkiye's most recent parliamentary and presidential elections ("seçim" in Turkish), social media has played an important role in shaping public debate. It is of utmost importance to capture social media trends during the 2023 Turkish elections, since it uncovers a great deal of information of election propaganda, political debates, smear campaigns, and election manipulation by domestic and international actors. We provide a comprehensive dataset for social media researchers to study Turkish elections, develop tools to prevent online manipulation, and gather novel information to inform the public...

With the continuous improvement of various armor protection technologies, the armor protection performance has increased significantly, and then the damage performance requirements of armor-piercing ammunition have also increased. In order to improve the penetration ability of the liner, a new three-layer liner structure is designed in this paper. The jet forming process was simulated by AUTODYN software. The mechanism of shaped jet forming of three-layer liner was studied. The reason why the penetration depth of three-layer liner was higher than that of ordinary liner was explained...

The emerging monkeypox virus (MPXV) has raised global health concern, thereby highlighting the need for rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use diagnostics. Here, we develop a single-step CRISPR-based diagnostic platform, termed SCOPE (Streamlined CRISPR On Pod Evaluation platform), for field-deployable ultrasensitive detection of MPXV in resource-limited settings. The viral nucleic acids are rapidly released from the rash fluid swab, oral swab, saliva, and urine samples in 2 min via a streamlined viral lysis protocol, followed by a 10-min single-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas13a reaction...

Precision medicine aims to provide personalized care based on individual patient characteristics, rather than guideline-directed therapies for groups of diseases or patient demographics. Images-both radiology- and pathology-derived-are a major source of information on presence, type, and status of disease. Exploring the mathematical relationship of pixels in medical imaging ("radiomics") and cellular-scale structures in digital pathology slides ("pathomics") offers powerful tools for extracting both qualitative, and increasingly, quantitative data...