Basic exam

BACKGROUND: The background to this article is a polarized media debate about ritual violence against children in German speaking countries. Two opposing positions have formed, which are unable to engage in a reasonable exchange with each other. OBJECTIVE: The article therefore aims to contribute to bridging the differences and argues, above all in the interests of patient well-being, for positioning oneself beyond polarization and to reflect on an evidence-base in treatment as well as in scientific discourse...

OBJECTIVES: Sepsis poses a significant threat to human life, rendering it a burdensome medical disease. Despite significant advancements, the current state of medical science still lacks a viable and efficacious cure. Costunolide (COST) is a multifaceted sesquiterpene lactone that exhibits a range of actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated the potential impacts of COST on a rat sepsis model caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We created an experimental rat model with the following groups: SHAM, CLP, CLP+low dose COST, and CLP+high dose COST...

OBJECTIVES: The effects of Crocus sativus , safranal, and pioglitazone on aerosolized paraquat (PQ)-induced systemic changes were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Control (Ctrl) and PQ groups of rats were exposed to saline or PQ (27 and 54 mg/m3, PQ-L and PQ-H) aerosols eight times on alternate days. Nine PQ-H groups were treated with dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg/day, Dexa), two doses of C. sativus extract (20 and 80 mg/kg/day, CS-L and CS-H), safranal (0.8 and 3.2 mg/kg/day, Saf-L and Saf-H), pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, Pio-L and Pio-H), and the combination of low dose of the pioglitazone and extract or safranal (Pio + CS and Pio + Saf) after the end of PQ exposure...

In cardiac nuclear medicine examinations, absorption in the body is the main factor in the degradation of the image quality. The Chang and external source methods were used to correct for absorption in the body. However, fundamental studies on attenuation correction for electrocardiogram (ECG)-synchronized CT imaging have not been performed. Therefore, we developed and improved an ECG-synchronized cardiac dynamic phantom and investigated the synchronized time-phase-gated attenuation correction (STPGAC) method using ECG-synchronized SPECT and CT images of the same time phase...

BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis is an inflammatory condition of oral cavity which is a common and serious side effect of cancer treatment. Severe oral mucositis compromises basic functions like eating and swallowing causing malnutrition also affecting overall patient's oral health related quality of life. The aim of the study was to find the frequency of oral mucositis in patients with breast cancer during their chemotherapy, the factors associated with oral mucositis & the overall patient's oral health related quality of life...

ChatGPT is a language model that was trained on a large dataset including medical literature. Several studies have described the performance of ChatGPT on medical exams. In this study, we examine its performance in answering factual knowledge questions regarding clinical pharmacy. Questions were obtained from a Dutch application that features multiple-choice questions to maintain a basic knowledge level for clinical pharmacists. In total, 264 clinical pharmacy-related questions were presented to ChatGPT and responses were evaluated for accuracy, concordance, quality of the substantiation, and reproducibility...

INTRODUCTION: The intricate nature of certain diseases necessitates complex medication regimens, utilization including high-cost medications, and continual vigilance to avoid potential complications. To address these exigencies, numerous healthcare institutions have instituted multidisciplinary management teams, exemplified in pharmaceutical care through Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM) programs. These programs oversee diverse facets such as patient education, medication adherence promotion, clinical monitoring, dose adjustments, and scrutiny of prescribed drug therapies...

Vitamin D deficiency during infancy has been associated with increased bone turnover rate and bone mineral loss. However, few studies have examined bone turnover markers (BTMs) for both bone formation and resorption in infants with vitamin D deficiency. Here, we analyzed serum concentrations of 25OHD, intact parathormone (iPTH), and BTMs including total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP-5b), and serum type I collagen N-telopeptide (NTx) as well as basic clinical characteristics of 456 infants (626 samples) aged less than 12 mo born at Saitama City Hospital, Japan (latitude 35...

Background Special needs children have various health problems, and the most common problems are nutritional deficiency and malnourishment which leads to increased morbidity affecting their quality of life. This study aims to assess the nutritional status and health-seeking behaviour of special needs children. Methods The study was conducted among 46 special needs children at a special needs children's home. After collecting basic sociodemographic details, they were assessed for nutritional status and health-seeking behaviour using a semi-structured questionnaire followed by general and clinical examination...

Infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence has been studied worldwide. At Juntendo University Hospital (JUH) in Tokyo, Japan, we have consistently conducted serological studies using the blood residue of healthcare workers (HCWs) at annual health examinations since 2020. In this 2023 study ( n  = 3,594), N-specific seroprevalence (infection-induced) was examined while univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compute ORs of seroprevalence with respect to basic characteristics of participants...

Though hesitations to hire formerly incarcerated individuals are often related to assumptions about a person's dangerousness, there remain legitimate reasons, such as limited formal education and basic skills, that prevent returning residents from finding work. Previous research suggests that hiring decisions are confounded by offense type, even if an employer would otherwise consider a person with a criminal history. Thus, it is unclear whether returning residents' level of education or training can mitigate barriers related to their offense history...

Changes in the functional shape of astigmatan mite moveable digit profiles are examined to test if Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acaridae) is a trophic intermediate between a typical micro-saprophagous carpoglyphid (Carpoglyphus lactis) and a common macro-saprophagous glycyphagid (Glycyphagus domesticus). Digit tip elongation in these mites is decoupled from the basic physics of optimising moveable digit inertia. Investment in the basal ramus/coronoid process compared to that for the moveable digit mastication length varies with feeding style...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between basic science curriculum delivery method with other academic and demographic factors on National Board of Chiropractic Examiners (NBCE) part I pass rates. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of students from 3 campuses of 1 chiropractic institution who matriculated in 2018 or 2020. COVID-19 regulations required online delivery of a basic science curriculum for students in the 2020 cohorts, whereas students in the 2018 cohorts experienced a traditional classroom delivery...

Alpine lakes are aquatic ecosystems that maintain and regulate water supply for the downstream streams, rivers, and other reservoirs. This study examined the water characteristics of various alpine lakes in Gilgit-Baltistan, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water was sampled and investigated for basic parameters, anions, and cations using the multi-parameter analyzers and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Physicochemical parameters of alpine lakes were noted under the World Health Organization water guidelines, except for fluoride (F- ) and turbidity in 4...

The selection of appropriate vocabulary is a crucial and challenging aspect of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention. Core vocabulary lists are frequently used to support vocabulary selection for children who require AAC. A vocabulary domain that has garnered limited attention within the AAC literature is relational basic concepts (RBCs). RBCs describe relationships between objects, persons, or situations, and play a pivotal role in language development, communication, and academic success...

Intracellular bacterial pathogens implement a diverse array of strategies to target host cells and establish infection. For vacuolar pathogens, the process of pathogen-containing vacuole movement within host cells, termed intracellular trafficking, is central to both pathogen survival and infection progression. Typically a process mediated by secreted virulence factors that manipulate the host cytoskeletal machinery, internalized pathogen-containing vacuoles traffic to the site of replication to establish a unique replicative niche, and if applicable, traffic back toward the host cell periphery for cell-to-cell spread...

BACKGROUND: Studies involving human fibroblasts and use of human growth hormone (HGH) administration for injury recovery are limited. It is plausible that if the administration of HGH to human cells increased cellular proliferation and differentiation, then HGH might be able to assist in accelerating recovery from injury. HYPOTHESIS: HGH will increase proliferation and differentiation of human tendon and ligament fibroblasts in vitro based on both a single-dose and a sustained-dose model of HGH administration...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In China, rural older adults face a significantly heightened risk of suicide. However, there has been no comprehensive review of the literature examining the risk factors associated with suicide among older people in rural China. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of risk factors for this phenomenon among rural older people must be gained. We conducted a systematic literature review on risk factors for suicide among older people in rural China. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Seven English electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science) and 3 Chinese electronic databases (CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang) were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English or Chinese, from inception to July 25, 2022...

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) models using large language models (LLMs) and non-specific domains have gained attention for their innovative information processing. As AI advances, it's essential to regularly evaluate these tools' competency to maintain high standards, prevent errors or biases, and avoid flawed reasoning or misinformation that could harm patients or spread inaccuracies. Our study aimed to determine the performance of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) by OpenAI and Google BARD (BARD) in orthopedic surgery, assess performance based on question types, contrast performance between different AIs and compare AI performance to orthopedic residents...

This article scrutinizes the 2-dimensional and boundary layer flow of magnetohydrodynamic Williamson fluid flowing on a stretchable surface with variable viscosity. The thermal and solutal rates are examined through the Cattaneo-Christov model with Joule heating, heat source/sink, and chemical reaction. The authors are motivated to conduct this study because of its practical and scientific significance in various processes, including polymer processing, textile industries, food industries, solar energy, biomedical science, wind turbine blades, oil spill clean-up, metal rolling, and forging...