keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536910/changes-in-an-enzyme-ensemble-during-catalysis-observed-by-high-resolution-xfel-crystallography
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathan Smith, Medhanjali Dasgupta, David C Wych, Cole Dolamore, Raymond G Sierra, Stella Lisova, Darya Marchany-Rivera, Aina E Cohen, Sébastien Boutet, Mark S Hunter, Christopher Kupitz, Frédéric Poitevin, Frank R Moss, David W Mittan-Moreau, Aaron S Brewster, Nicholas K Sauter, Iris D Young, Alexander M Wolff, Virendra K Tiwari, Nivesh Kumar, David B Berkowitz, Ryan G Hadt, Michael C Thompson, Alec H Follmer, Michael E Wall, Mark A Wilson
Enzymes populate ensembles of structures necessary for catalysis that are difficult to experimentally characterize. We use time-resolved mix-and-inject serial crystallography at an x-ray free electron laser to observe catalysis in a designed mutant isocyanide hydratase (ICH) enzyme that enhances sampling of important minor conformations. The active site exists in a mixture of conformations, and formation of the thioimidate intermediate selects for catalytically competent substates. The influence of cysteine ionization on the ICH ensemble is validated by determining structures of the enzyme at multiple pH values...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536908/tisb-protein-is-the-single-molecular-determinant-underlying-multiple-downstream-effects-of-ofloxacin-in-escherichia-coli
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julien Cayron, Thierry Oms, Tatjana Schlechtweg, Safia Zedek, Laurence Van Melderen
Bactericidal antibiotics can cause metabolic perturbations that contribute to antibiotic-induced lethality. The molecular mechanism underlying these downstream effects remains unknown. Here, we show that ofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone that poisons DNA gyrase, induces a cascade of metabolic changes that are dependent on an active SOS response. We identified the SOS-regulated TisB protein as the unique molecular determinant responsible for cytoplasmic condensation, proton motive force dissipation, loss of pH homeostasis, and H2 O2 accumulation in Escherichia coli cells treated with high doses of ofloxacin...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536835/initial-agronomic-benefits-of-enhanced-weathering-using-basalt-a-study-of-spring-oat-in-a-temperate-climate
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirstine Skov, Jez Wardman, Matthew Healey, Amy McBride, Tzara Bierowiec, Julia Cooper, Ifeoma Edeh, Dave George, Mike E Kelland, Jim Mann, David Manning, Melissa J Murphy, Ryan Pape, Yit A Teh, Will Turner, Peter Wade, Xinran Liu
Addressing soil nutrient degradation and global warming requires novel solutions. Enhanced weathering using crushed basalt rock is a promising dual-action strategy that can enhance soil health and sequester carbon dioxide. This study examines the short-term effects of basalt amendment on spring oat (Avena sativa L.) during the 2022 growing season in NE England. The experimental design consisted of four blocks with control and basalt-amended plots, and two cultivation types within each treatment, laid out in a split plot design...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536815/osbp-mediated-pi-4-p-cholesterol-exchange-at-endoplasmic-reticulum-secretory-granule-contact-sites-controls-insulin-secretion
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Styliani Panagiotou, Kia Wee Tan, Phuoc My Nguyen, Andreas Müller, Affiong Ika Oqua, Alejandra Tomas, Anna Wendt, Lena Eliasson, Anders Tengholm, Michele Solimena, Olof Idevall-Hagren
Insulin is packaged into secretory granules that depart the Golgi and undergo a maturation process that involves changes in the protein and lipid composition of the granules. Here, we show that insulin secretory granules form physical contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum and that the lipid exchange protein oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP) is recruited to these sites in a Ca2+ -dependent manner. OSBP binding to insulin granules is positively regulated by phosphatidylinositol-4 (PI4)-kinases and negatively regulated by the PI4 phosphate (PI(4)P) phosphatase Sac2...
March 26, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536769/reversible-c%C3%A2-n-bond-formation-controls-charge-separation-in-an-aza-diarylethene-photoswitch
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Sacherer, Sofia Gracheva, Harald Maid, Christian Placht, Frank Hampel, Henry Dube
Diarylethenes belong to the most eminent photoswitches and have been studied for many decades. They are found in virtually every field of application and have become highly valuable molecular tools for instilling light-responsiveness into materials, catalysts, biological systems, or pharmacology. In this work, we present a novel and distinct type of pyrimidine-based aza-diarylethene, which undergoes a highly unusual zwitterion-forming photoreaction. During this fully reversible process, a CN double bond is established under concomitant aromatization and thiophene-ring opening...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536701/the-milan-score-a-novel-manometric-tool-for-a-more-efficient-diagnosis-of-gastro-esophageal-reflux-disease
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefano Siboni, Marco Sozzi, Ivan Kristo, Sara Boveri, Benjamin D Rogers, Nicola De Bortoli, Anthony Hobson, Brian E Louie, Yeong Yeh Lee, Salvatore Tolone, Elisa Marabotto, Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Jordan Haworth, Megan L Ivy, Garrett Greenan, Takahiro Masuda, Roberto Penagini, Benedetta Barcella, Marina Coletta, Dimitrios Theodorou, Tania Triantafyllou, Chiara Facchini, Vincent Tee, Luigi Bonavina, Lorenzo Cusmai, Sebastian F Schoppmann, Edoardo Savarino, Emanuele Asti, C Prakash Gyawali
OBJECTIVE: A definitive diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) depends on endoscopic and/or pH-study criteria. However, high resolution manometry (HRM) can identify factors predicting GERD, such as ineffective esophageal motility (IEM), esophago-gastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI), evaluating esophagogastric junction (EGJ) type and straight leg raise (SLR) maneuver response. We aimed to build and externally validate a manometric score (Milan Score) to stratify the risk and severity of the disease in patients undergoing HRM for suspected GERD...
March 27, 2024: United European Gastroenterology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536607/echocardiographic-estimation-of-right-ventricular-diastolic-stiffness-based-on-pulmonary-regurgitant-velocity-waveform-analysis-in-precapillary-pulmonary-hypertension
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yui Nagai, Michito Murayama, Sanae Kaga, Hideki Shima, Satonori Tsuneta, Shinobu Yokoyama, Hisao Nishino, Mana Goto, Yukino Suzuki, Yusuke Yanagi, Suguru Ishizaka, Hiroyuki Iwano, Junichi Nakamura, Takahiro Sato, Ichizo Tsujino
Right ventricular (RV) diastolic stiffness is an independent predictor of survival and is strongly associated with disease severity in patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH). Therefore, a fully validated echocardiographic method for assessing RV diastolic stiffness needs to be established. This study aimed to compare echocardiography-derived RV diastolic stiffness and invasively measured pressure-volume loop-derived RV diastolic stiffness in patients with precapillary PH. We studied 50 consecutive patients with suspected or confirmed precapillary PH who underwent cardiac catheterization, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiography within a 1-week interval...
March 27, 2024: International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536601/in-females-salivary-secretion-was-significantly-lower-in-patients-with-severe-reflux-esophagitis-than-in-healthy-controls
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shintaro Hoshino, Eri Momma, Mai Koeda, Yoshimasa Hoshikawa, Tomohide Tanabe, Noriyuki Kawami, Yuichi Kitasako, Katsuhiko Iwakiri
BACKGROUND: The salivary secretion in patients with mild reflux esophagitis (RE) and non-erosive reflux disease is significantly lower in females, but not in males. However, sex differences in salivary secretion in patients with severe RE remain unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated sex differences in saliva secretion in patients with severe RE. METHODS: Subjects consisted of 23 male patients with severe RE, 24 male healthy controls (HCs), 26 female patients with severe RE, and 25 female HCs...
March 27, 2024: Esophagus: Official Journal of the Japan Esophageal Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536505/metabolic-changes-contribute-to-maladaptive-right-ventricular-hypertrophy-in-pulmonary-hypertension-beyond-pressure-overload-an-integrative-imaging-and-omics-investigation
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Inés García-Lunar, Inmaculada Jorge, Jorge Sáiz, Núria Solanes, Ana Paula Dantas, Juan José Rodríguez-Arias, María Ascaso, Carlos Galán-Arriola, Francisco Rafael Jiménez, Elena Sandoval, Jorge Nuche, Maria Moran-Garrido, Emilio Camafeita, Montserrat Rigol, Javier Sánchez-Gonzalez, Valentín Fuster, Jesús Vázquez, Coral Barbas, Borja Ibáñez, Daniel Pereda, Ana García-Álvarez
Right ventricular (RV) failure remains the strongest determinant of survival in pulmonary hypertension (PH). We aimed to identify relevant mechanisms, beyond pressure overload, associated with maladaptive RV hypertrophy in PH. To separate the effect of pressure overload from other potential mechanisms, we developed in pigs two experimental models of PH (M1, by pulmonary vein banding and M2, by aorto-pulmonary shunting) and compared them with a model of pure pressure overload (M3, pulmonary artery banding) and a sham-operated group...
March 27, 2024: Basic Research in Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536494/the-role-of-na-coupled-bicarbonate-transporters-ncbt-in-health-and-disease
#10
REVIEW
Shannon R Holmberg, Yohei Sakamoto, Akira Kato, Michael F Romero
Cellular and organism survival depends upon the regulation of pH, which is regulated by highly specialized cell membrane transporters, the solute carriers (SLC) (For a comprehensive list of the solute carrier family members, see: https://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/ ). The SLC4 family of bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) transporters consists of ten members, sorted by their coupling to either sodium (NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, NDCBE), chloride (AE1, AE2, AE3), or borate (BTR1). The ionic coupling of SLC4A9 (AE4) remains controversial...
March 27, 2024: Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536484/kinetic-modeling-and-optimization-of-the-mono-and-diglycerides-synthesis-mediated-by-the-lipase-lipozyme%C3%A2-tl-100-l-immobilized-on-clayey-support
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George F Finco, Edson A da Silva, Fernando Palú, Márcia R F Klen, Karina G Fiametti, João H C Wancura, J Vladimir Oliveira
Mono- and diglycerides play a crucial role in the food industry as multifunctional food additives and emulsifiers. Their importance stems from their unique properties, which allow them to improve the quality, texture, and stability of various food products. Here, results of the kinetic modeling of the mono- and diglycerides synthesis mediated by the lipase Lipozyme® TL 100 L immobilized on the clayey support Spectrogel® type C are reported. The support was characterized by TEM, SEM, and FTIR. Firstly, the influence of pH and lipase load on the immobilization process was analyzed, resulting in an enzymatic activity of 93...
March 27, 2024: Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536089/cloning-and-functional-mechanism-of-the-dwarf-gene-gba-affecting-stem-elongation-and-cellulose-biosynthesis-in-jute-corchorus-olitorius
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qin Li, Siyuan Chen, Lu Chen, Lingling Zhuang, Huawei Wei, Shaolian Jiang, Chuanyu Wang, Jianmin Qi, Pingping Fang, Jiantang Xu, Aifen Tao, Liwu Zhang
Plant height (PH) is an important factor affecting bast fiber yield in jute. Here, we report the mechanism of dwarfism in the 'Guangbaai' (gba) of jute. The mutant gba had shorter internode length and cell length compared to the standard cultivar 'TaiZi 4' (TZ4). Exogenous GA3 treatment indicated that gba is a GA-insensitive dwarf mutant. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of three PH-related traits via a high-density genetic linkage map according to re-seq showed that a total of 25 QTLs were identified, including 13 QTLs for PH, with phenotypic variation explained ranging from 2...
March 27, 2024: Plant Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536087/-peptostreptococcus-equinus-sp-nov-isolated-from-horse-faeces
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hye Su Jung, Jeong Ui Yun, Mi-Ja Jung, Hye Seon Song, Yeon Bee Kim, Yujin Kim, Min Ji Lee, Jisu Lee, Che Ok Jeon, Seong Woon Roh, Tae Woong Whon, Joon-Gyu Kim, Se Hee Lee
A Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, and obligate anaerobic bacteria designated strain CBA3647T was isolated from a horse faecal sample in Jeju, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CBA3647T formed a distinct phyletic lineage from closely related species within the genus Peptostreptococcus . Based on comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337T is most closely related to strain CBA3647T with a 16S rRNA gene similarity of 98...
March 2024: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536044/acetazolamide-as-an-effective-treatment-for-pilomotor-seizures-in-autoimmune-encephalitis
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kia Gilani, Apameh Tarazi, Richard Wennberg
Pilomotor seizures are strongly associated with autoimmune encephalitis (AE), particularly anti-LGI1 encephalitis. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide may have special efficacy for treating AE-associated pilomotor seizures. Six patients with AE (five anti-LGI1, one seronegative) and temporal lobe pilomotor seizures (five with seizures inducible by hyperventilation) were treated with acetazolamide, administered in a cycling (2-days-ON, 4-days-OFF) regimen to offset tolerance. Seizures were assessed during epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) recordings in four inpatients (one of whom also maintained an outpatient seizure diary chronicling 1203 seizures over 1079 days); two outpatients self-reported seizure frequencies...
March 27, 2024: Epilepsia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535963/electrospinning-chitosan-fe-mn-nanofibrous-composite-for-efficient-and-rapid-removal-of-arsenite-from-water
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lingli Min, Yahui Ma, Bi Zhang, Dulan He, Jinhua Chen, Xuerong Li, Shuhua Wang, Yulang Chi
Efficient removal of extremely mobile and toxic As(III) from water is a challenging but critical task. Herein, we developed a functionalized sorbent of chitosan nanofiber with iron-manganese (Fe-Mn@CS NF) using a one-step hybrid electrospinning approach to remove trace As(III) from water. Batch adsorption studies were performed to determine the adsorption efficiency under a variety of conditions, including contact time, starting concentration of As(III), ionic strength, and the presence of competing anions...
March 21, 2024: Toxics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535956/anomalous-gold-concentrations-in-hypersaline-wetland-sediments-laguna-honda-south-spain-caused-by-nanoparticles-used-in-agricultural-practices-environmental-transformation
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Medina-Ruiz, Juan Jiménez-Millán, Isabel Abad, Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa
Illite-rich sediments from the Laguna Honda wetland, an eutrophicated hypersaline wetland with waters enriched in Mg and Ca surrounded by olive groves in the Guadalquivir Basin River (South Spain), are polluted by elevated concentrations of gold (up to 21.9 ppm) due to agricultural practices. The highest gold contents appear in the shore sediments of the lake, where up to 20 µm homoaggregates of fused gold nanoparticles (AuNp) are found. Small nanoaggregates of up to six fused gold nanoparticles and very few isolated nanoparticles around 1 nm in size can also be observed to form heteroaggregates of AuNp-mica, especially in the deeper sediments in the central part of the wetland, where Au concentrations are lower (up to 1...
March 18, 2024: Toxics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535667/strategic-structural-control-of-polyserotonin-nanoparticles-and-their-application-as-ph-responsive-nanomotors
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junyi Hu, Jingjing Cao, Jinwei Lin, Leilei Xu
Serotonin-based nanomaterials have been positioned as promising contenders for constructing multifunctional biomedical nanoplatforms due to notable biocompatibility, advantageous charge properties, and chemical adaptability. The elaborately designed structure and morphology are significant for their applications as functional carriers. In this study, we fabricated anisotropic bowl-like mesoporous polyserotonin (PST) nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately 170 nm through nano-emulsion polymerization, employing P123/F127 as a dual-soft template and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as both pore expander and emulsion template...
March 14, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535655/cellulose-sulfate-nanofibers-for-enhanced-ammonium-removal
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ken I Johnson, William Borges, Priyanka R Sharma, Sunil K Sharma, Hao-Yen Chang, Mortaga M Abou-Krisha, Abdulrahman G Alhamzani, Benjamin S Hsiao
In this study, a sulfonation approach using chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) to prepare cellulose sulfate nanofibers (CSNFs) from raw jute fibers is demonstrated. Both elemental sulfur content and zeta potential in the CSNFs are found to increase with increasing CSA content used. However, the corresponding crystallinity in the CSNFs decreases with the increasing amount of CSA used due to degradation of cellulose chains under harsh acidic conditions. The ammonium adsorption results from the CSNFs with varying degrees of sulfonation were analyzed using the Langmuir isotherm model, and the analysis showed a very high maximum ammonium adsorption capacity (41...
March 12, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535653/effects-of-polyether-amine-canopy-structure-on-heavy-metal-ions-adsorption-of-magnetic-solvent-free-nanofluids
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Zhang, Jian Zhang, Jian Shi, Ruilu Yang
Three Fe3 O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluids with different amine-based coronal layer structures are synthesized and characterized by using magnetic Fe3 O4 as the core, silane coupling agent as the corona, and polyether amines with different graft densities and chain lengths as the canopy. The concentration of heavy metal ions after adsorption is measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to study the effect of Fe3 O4 magnetic solvent-free nanofluids on the adsorption performance of the heavy metal ions lead (Pb(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) in water...
March 11, 2024: Nanomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535465/microencapsulation-of-lactobacillus-plantarum-with-improved-survivability-using-pufferfish-skin-gelatin-based-wall-materials
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Honghui Guo, Yelin Zhou, Quanling Xie, Hui Chen, Yiping Zhang, Zhuan Hong, Sijin Chen, Ming'en Zhang
To improve the survivability of probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum was microencapsulated using pufferfish skin gelatin (PSG)-based wall materials by spray-drying. This work investigated the protective effect of three different pH-dependent proteins (sodium caseinate (SC), soy protein isolate (SPI), and whey protein isolate (WPI)) combined with PSG on L. plantarum . The experimental results of spray-drying with an inlet temperature of 120 °C and an outlet temperature of 80 °C, storage at 4 °C for 6 months, simulated digestion, and turbidity indicated that PSG/SC had better stability and encapsulation effects and was more suitable to encapsulate L...
March 5, 2024: Marine Drugs
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