Tracheobronchial tumors

Hemoptysis in cancer patients can occur for various reasons, including infections, tumors, blood vessel abnormalities and inflammatory conditions. The degree of hemoptysis is commonly classified according to the quantity of blood expelled. However, volume-based definitions may not accurately reflect the clinical impact of bleeding. This review explores a more comprehensive approach to evaluating hemoptysis by considering its risk factors, epidemiology and clinical consequences. In particular, this review provides insight into the risk factors, identifies mortality rates associated with hemoptysis in cancer patients and highlights the need for developing a mortality prediction score specific for cancer patients...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Hypofractionated radiation therapy (HFRT) is an increasingly utilized treatment option for patients with lung cancers unamenable to stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). Conventional HFRT (C-HFRT) is often prescribed to 60 Gy in 15 fractions, which has a lower biologically effective dose (BED10 of 84.0) than SBRT. We compared outcomes of patients treated with a dose-escalated HFRT regimen (DE-HFRT, 72 Gy in 18 fractions, BED10 of 100.8) to those treated with C-HFRT...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Prior studies suggested excessive toxicity for central lung tumors treated with 3-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). This may be related to the high biologically equivalent dose assuming alpha/beta of 10 (BED) of 54 Gy in 3 fractions (BED = 151.2), as 50-60 Gy in 5 fractions (BED = 100.0-132.0) was well-tolerated in RTOG 0813. We initiated a prospective phase IB/II trial to test the hypothesis that a dose-deescalated regimen of 45 Gy in 3 fractions (BED 112...

Hodgkin's disease with an initial tracheobronchial involvement is not common. The symptoms might be misleading, resulting in a diagnosis delay. We report the case of a 38-year-old woman with a one-month history of wheezing associated with a dry cough. The physical examination revealed a good general state of health, bilateral wheezing and supra-clavicular lymphadenopathy. The adenopathy biopsy's histopathology revealed Hodgkin lymphoma. The whole body FDG-PET scan was an important tool to assess the diagnosis as well as for the staging...

Tracheobronchial neoplasms are much less common than lung parenchymal neoplasms but can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They include a broad differential of both malignant and benign entities, extending far beyond more commonly known pathologic conditions such as squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Airway lesions may be incidental findings at imaging or manifest with symptoms related to airway narrowing or mucosal irritation, invasion of adjacent structures, or distant metastatic disease...

Pulmonary granular cells tumors (CGT) are rare tumors, that derive from Schwann cells. In the tracheobronchial and pulmonary tree, they remain a diagnostic challenge. There are no well-established criteria to differentiate between benign, atypical, and malignant GCT. Moreover, its real frequency in the respiratory tract is still unknown. Here, we represent 2 cases of bronchial and lung GCTs. We aim to highlight the frequency of all clinicopathological characteristics of this rare tumor in the tracheobronchial and pulmonary tree location based on our cases and the available literature in a large systematic review...

Tracheal adenocarcinoma (TAC) is a rare malignancy often characterized by significant delays in diagnosis, often attributed to the non-specific nature of symptoms, leading to subsequent challenges in management. The prognosis remains poor, highlighting the need for early detection and multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Surgical resection is recommended for eligible patients, followed by postsurgical irradiation. However, further research is required to give a better perspective on therapeutic interventions and enhance patient outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for tumors near the central airways implies high-grade toxic effects, as concluded from the HILUS-trial. However, the small sample size and relatively few events limited the statistical power of the study. We therefore pooled data from the prospective HILUS-trial with retrospective data from patients in the Nordic countries treated outside the prospective study to evaluate toxicity and risk factors for high-grade toxic effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients were treated with 56 Gy in 8 fractions...

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of esophageal cancer (EC) with organ invasion is extremely poor. In these cases, definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by salvage surgery can be planned; however, the issue of high morbidity and mortality rates persists. Herein, we report the long-term survival of a patient with EC and T4 invasion who underwent a modified two-stage operation after definitive CRT. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old male presented with type 2 upper thoracic EC with tracheal invasion...

Abrikossoff tumors, also known as granular cell tumors (GCT), originate from Schwann cells. The most common location is in the oral cavity, followed by the skin, but they can also be found in the breast, digestive tract, tracheobronchial tree, or central nervous system. They can affect both sexes at any age, with a higher incidence between 30 and 50 years and a slight predisposition for female sex. They are usually solitary tumors but may also be multifocal. Most of the time, they are benign, with malignancy being exceptional in <2% of cases...

Background: Our knowledge is still limited about the characteristics and treatment of rare lung tumors. The aim of our study was to determine programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression in rare pulmonary tumors to assess the potential role of immunotherapy. Methods: 66 pathologically confirmed rare lung tumors including 26 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs), 27 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs), and 13 tracheobronchial papillomas (TBPs) were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues, and PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs), and PD-1 expression on ICs were determined...

A 13-year-old female spayed border collie cross presented for pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, and a suspected cardiac mass. Echocardiogram revealed severe thickening and hypokinesis of the interventricular septum with a heterogenous, cavitated myocardium, concerning for neoplasia. Electrocardiogram revealed predominantly accelerated idioventricular rhythm with frequent periods of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Occasional prolonged PR intervals terminating in an aberrantly conducted QRS complex were present...

OBJECTIVE: The present study, CLUS version 2.0, was conducted to evaluate the performance of new techniques in improving the implementation of lung cancer screening and to validate the efficacy of LDCT in reducing lung cancer-specific mortality in a high-risk Chinese population. METHODS: From July 2018 to February 2019, high-risk participants from six screening centers in Shanghai were enrolled in our study. Artificial intelligence, circulating molecular biomarkers and autofluorescencebronchoscopy were applied during screening...

Tracheobronchial tumors, while uncommon, are often malignant in adults. Surgical removal is the primary therapy for non-metastatic lung malignancies, but it is only possible in a small percentage of non-small-cell lung cancer patients and is limited by the number and location of tumors, as well as the patient's overall health. This study proposes an alternative treatment: administering aerosolized chemotherapeutic particles via the pulmonary route using endotracheal catheters to target lung tumors. To improve delivery efficiency to the lesion, it is essential to understand local drug deposition and particle transport dynamics...

INTRODUCTION: Bronchogenic cysts (BC) are congenital lesions, it results from an abnormal budding of the tracheobronchial tree. Malignant transformation is very rare. We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in a BC of the posterior mediastinum detected after surgery. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report the case of a 32-year-old man, without a particular medical history. The patient presented a cough associated with dyspnea, and a weight loss 4-month before the diagnosis...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma presents as an exophytic endobronchial mass that induces obstructive symptoms often followed by distal collapse atelectasis of the lung parenchyma. CASE PRESENTATION: A six-year-old girl had recurrent bacterial pneumonia and atelectasis of the right upper lobe. Computed tomography revealed a 30-mm mass in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe with an obstructed trachea and peripheral atelectasis. A minor salivary gland tumor was suspected, so thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy (RUL) was performed...

Primary pulmonary malignancies are one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The most common non-small cell lung malignancy is adenocarcinoma, but there are many subtypes with different molecular and genetic expressions causing different manifestations. Uncommon manifestations include persistent back pain and tracheal bronchial tumors. More than 95% of reported tracheal bronchial tumors are benign and thus are rarely biopsied. There are no reported cases of secondary tracheal bronchial tumors due to pulmonary adenocarcinoma...

A 64-year-old man, who had previously undergone definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) and endoscopic resections for metachronous multiple esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and had also received total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) for hypopharyngeal cancer, was diagnosed with ESCC in the middle thoracic esophagus (cT3N0M0). Thoracoscopic McKeown esophagectomy was performed for the patient. Although the tumor was tightly adherent to the thoracic duct and both main bronchi, they were successfully mobilized...

UNLABELLED: Bronchogenic cyst is a rare congenital malformation of the tracheobronchial bud originating from the primitive foregut, especially in the retroperitoneal region. Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts in adults are difficult to make an accurate diagnosis preoperatively. CASE PRESENTATION: We present three cases of retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts resembling adrenal tumors in adults. Three cases were asymptomatic, and all were located on the left side. There was no significant enhancement of the cyst walls on contrast-enhanced computed tomography...

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) seriously threatens the health of tuberculosis patients. The inflammation and autophagy of fibroblasts affect the development of TSTB. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can regulate the autophagy of fibroblasts. Nevertheless, the impact of TA on TSTB and underlying mechanism has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of TA on TSTB and underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to simulate the TSTB-like model in vitro , WI-38 cells were exposed to Ag85B protein...