Sex differences AND pain

BACKGROUND: The need for capsular closure during arthroscopic hip labral repair is debated. PURPOSE: To compare pain and functional outcomes in patients undergoing arthroscopic hip labral repair with concomitant repair or plication of the capsule versus no closure. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Outcomes were compared between patients undergoing arthroscopic hip labral repair with concomitant repair or plication of the capsule versus no closure at up to 2 years postoperatively and with stratification by age and sex...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of cortical bone trajectory screws and traditional pedicle screws in posterior lumbar fusion. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze lumbar degeneration patients who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between January 2016 and January 2019. A total of 123 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their surgical procedures and the members of the two groups were matched by age, sex, and the number of fusion segments...

BACKGROUND: Sex and racial disparities in the presentation and management of chest pain persist, however, the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on these disparities have not been studied. We sought to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to pre-existing sex and racial disparities in the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with chest pain. METHODS: We conducted an observational cohort study with retrospective data collection of patients between January 1, 2016, and May 1, 2022...

PURPOSE: Understanding the influence of frailty on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older individuals experiencing chronic low back pain can provide valuable insights into the impact of frailty. Therefore, the aim of our study is to assess how different frailty statuses among older outpatients with chronic low back pain affect their HRQoL. METHODS: Patients aged 60 and above with chronic low back pain were recruited from March 2022 to February 2023. Frailty was assessed via the frailty phenotype questionnaire, and HRQoL was evaluated using the EQ-5D-5L...

BACKGROUND: Multiple authors have sought to determine what patient characteristics influence outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The impact of gender on outcomes after TKA remains controversial. Previous studies had less than five years of follow-up after TKA. The aim of this evaluation was to determine what differences in pain, function, and quality of life exist between female and male patients five years after primary TKA. METHODS: A prospective, multi-center cohort of 11,602 unilateral primary TKA patients (7,284 females and 4,318 males) was prospectively evaluated...

This study used ultrasonography to compare the thickness and cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular joint arthralgia and investigated the differences according to sex and the co-occurrence of headache attributed to temporomandibular disorders (HATMD). The observational study comprised 100 consecutive patients with TMJ arthralgia (71 females and 29 males; mean age, 40.01 ± 17.67 years) divided into two groups: Group 1, including 86 patients with arthralgia alone (60 females; 41...

Low efficacy mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists may serve as novel candidate analgesics with improved safety relative to high-efficacy opioids. This study used a recently validated assay of pain-depressed behavior in mice to evaluate a novel series of MOR-selective C9-substituted phenylmorphan opioids with graded MOR efficacies. Intraperitoneal injection of dilute lactic acid (IP acid) served as a noxious stimulus to depress locomotor activity by mice in an activity chamber composed of two compartments connected by an obstructed door...

Visuospatial perception is thought to be adaptive-ie, hills are perceived as steeper when capacity is low, or threat is high-guiding appropriate interaction with the environment. Pain (bodily threat) may similarly modulate visuospatial perception, with the extent of modulation influenced by threat magnitude (pain intensity, fear) and associated with behaviour (physical activity). We compared visuospatial perception of the environment between 50 people with painful knee osteoarthritis and 50 age-/sex-matched pain-free control participants using 3 virtual reality tasks (uphill steepness estimation, downhill steepness estimation, and a distance-on-hill measure), exploring associations between visuospatial perception, clinical characteristics (pain intensity, state and trait fear), and behaviour (wrist-worn accelerometry) within a larger knee osteoarthritis group (n = 85)...

PURPOSE: Variations in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) joint line height may lead to complications such as pain and altered joint mechanics, while posterior condylar offset (PCO) can influence knee stability. METHODS: Single-centre, single-surgeon retrospective analysis from December 2019 to May 2023 investigated primary unilateral TKA (Nexgen Legacy, Zimmer Biomet) in patients with knee osteoarthritis, using ROSA robotic system (raTKA) or conventional manual technique (mTKA)...

BACKGROUND: The decision regarding sex rearing in patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) is heavily connected to the shared decision-making model within multidisciplinary team. Some of these patients might develop gender dysphoria, when they become adults. We have aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with XY DSD who underwent female gender assignment at our center. METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective study of all 46, XY DSD patients who underwent female assignment in our institution over the last 30 years...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Structural imaging can offer insights into the cortical morphometry of migraine, which might reflect adaptations to recurring nociceptive messaging. This study compares cortical morphometry between a large sample of people with migraine and healthy controls, as well as across migraine subtypes. METHODS: Adult participants with migraine and age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls attended a single MRI session with magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences at 3T...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the clusters of patients with different developmental trajectories of pain and disability after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF). METHODS: Group-based trajectory analysis among 318 patients undergoing the ACDF. RESULTS: Three developmental trajectories of disability were identified: "Steadily good functioning," "Improved functioning," and "Steadily poor functioning." Three developmental trajectories of neck pain were identified: "Worsened pain," "Pain relief," and "Steadily severe pain...

OBJECTIVES: Prior studies on the psychological well-being in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have reported controversial results. Our aim was to compare the psychological well-being and lifestyle factors in patients with PIBD and their controls and to assess the role of contributing disease characteristics. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 60 PIBD patients aged 6-17 years (26 with Crohn's disease [CD], 34 with ulcerative colitis [CD] or unclassified colitis [IBD-U]) from two university hospitals in Finland, and their age- and sex-matched healthy controls...

PURPOSE: Investigate efficacy of reduced compression bandage for the control of pain after total knee arthroplasty. PATIENTS & METHODS: Prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involving data for 56 out of 94 consented patients; 29 standard care versus 27 Andoflex TLC Calamine Lite. Comparison of standard care (non-compression bandage applied for up to one day) versus Andoflex TLC Calamine Lite (25-30 mmHg) two-layer compression bandage worn for five days...

BACKGROUND: Capacitively coupling electric fields (CCEF) is a method of non-invasive biophysical stimulation that enhances fracture repair and spinal fusion. This multicentre randomized controlled trial aimed to further examine the roles of CCEF in (1) the resolution of vertebral bone marrow oedema (VBME) using a follow-up MRI study and (2) pain relief, analgesic drug consumption and quality of life improvement in stimulated patients who were referred with acute vertebral fragility fractures (VFFs) compared to non-stimulated patients...

Emerging evidence suggests an association between chronic pain and elevated body fat. We sought to determine if individuals with higher body fat, measured by hip circumference (HC) and waist circumference (WC), are at risk for chronic pain when they demonstrate higher expression of inflammatory markers. We investigated the incidence and severity of pain in patients with varying WC/HC and inflammatory markers (C-Reactive Protein, IL-6, leptin) using the NIH-sponsored All of Us Database. For each inflammatory marker and sex, participants were divided into four groups based on combinations of normal/high marker levels and small/large WC/HC...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study (1) assessed sleep quality and health in Gulf War veterans (GWV) meeting the Gulf War Illness (GWI) criteria and (2) compared health associations for both those meeting a "clinically disturbed sleep" threshold, and those below, as determined by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) cutoff for military populations (≥10) on measures of physical, mental, and cognitive health. METHODS: Participant data consisted of questionnaires and assessments completed prior to group assignment in a clinical trial...

BACKGROUND: Military recruits and athletes have high occurrence of stress fractures, with very high incidence among military recruits. Symptomatic stress fractures can be disabling in some people. This study aims at identifying pattern and distribution of such fractures in Nepal Police trainee and assess the risk factors and demographics that may help to develop the local guidelines. METHODS: This study analysed 65 police trainees who presented to the orthopaedic Out Patient Department at Nepal Police and Province Police Hospital diagnosed as a case of stress fracture from 29 December, 2020 to 29 December, 2021...

BACKGROUND: Age and sex differences may exist in the frequency (incidence, prevalence) or symptoms of neuropathic pain (NP) and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) due to biopsychosocial factors (e.g., neurodevelopment, physiological and hormonal changes, psychosocial differences) that evolve through childhood and adolescence.2 Age and sex differences may have implications for evaluating screening and diagnostic tools and treatment interventions. OBJECTIVE: To map the existing literature on pediatric NP and CRPS with respect to age and sex distributions, and age and sex differences in symptomology and frequency...

OBJECTIVE: Several studies have investigated the mechanical behavior of the thoracolumbar spine. However, finding an accurate reference for the normal functional local alignment (LA) and segmental motion (SM) at the thoracolumbar junction (TLJ) is challenging. Therefore, this study aimed to assess age- and sex-related changes and differences in LA and SM at the TLJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study recruited healthy subjects aged 20 to 79 without complaints of back pain...