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Keywords Pathophysiology of spinal cord...

Pathophysiology of spinal cord injury

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38348850/long-term-community-integration-study-of-an-affordable-manual-standing-wheelchair
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samson Daniel Frederick, Javeed Shaikh-Mohammed, Gayatri Suresh, S Sujatha
PURPOSE: The manual, user-operated Arise Standing Wheelchair (SWC) is the end result of multiple design iterations based on findings and feedback from user trials. The Arise SWC provides standing functionality, outdoor mobility, affordability, and customisability. This paper describes a long-term community integration study of the Arise SWC. METHODS: All participants ( N  = 8; 7 Male, 1 Female) were persons with spinal cord injuries. During the study period (six months), the participants integrated the Arise SWC into their daily routines...
February 13, 2024: Disability and Rehabilitation. Assistive Technology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346401/novel-sers-signal-amplification-strategy-for-ultrasensitive-and-specific-detection-of-spinal-cord-injury-related-mirna
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cai Wang, Chengcheng Wang, Weizhao Lu, Yanjiao Wang, Qianwen Yue, Dongyuan Xin, Baoliang Sun, Jingguo Wu, Jingyi Sun, Ying Wang
The expression of microRNA (miRNA) changes in many diseases plays an important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by inflammation, cell apoptosis, neuronal necrosis, axonal rupture, demyelination, and other pathological processes, resulting in impaired sensory and motor functions of patients. Studies have shown that miRNA expression has changed after SCI, and miRNAs participate in the pathophysiological process and treatment of SCI...
February 12, 2024: ACS Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336772/role-of-fenofibrate-in-multiple-sclerosis
#23
REVIEW
Ahmad A Abulaban, Hayder M Al-Kuraishy, Ali I Al-Gareeb, Engy Elekhnawy, Asma Alanazi, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology of MS is the destruction of myelin sheath by immune cells. The formation of myelin plaques, inflammation, and injury of neuronal myelin sheath characterizes its neuropathology. MS plaques are multiple focal regions of demyelination disseminated in the brain's white matter, spinal cords, deep grey matter, and cerebral cortex. Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) that attenuates the inflammatory reactions in MS...
February 9, 2024: European Journal of Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334236/emerging-functions-and-therapeutic-targets-of-il-38-in-central-nervous-system-diseases
#24
REVIEW
Yuan Gao, Luwei Cai, Yulu Wu, Min Jiang, Yidan Zhang, Wenjing Ren, Yirui Song, Lili Li, Ziguang Lei, Youzhuang Wu, Luwen Zhu, Jing Li, Dongya Li, Guohong Li, Chengliang Luo, Luyang Tao
Interleukin (IL)-38 is a newly discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family, which binds various receptors (i.e., IL-36R, IL-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1, and IL-1R1) in the central nervous system (CNS). The hallmark physiological function of IL-38 is competitive binding to IL-36R, as does the IL-36R antagonist. Emerging research has shown that IL-38 is abnormally expressed in the serum and brain tissue of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), suggesting that IL-38 may play an important role in neurological diseases...
February 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38330594/mechanistic-involvement-of-noradrenergic-neuronal-neurotransmitter-release-in-cutaneous-vasoconstriction-during-autonomic-dysreflexia-in-persons-with-spinal-cord-injury
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle Trbovich, Yubo Wu, Terry Romo, Wouker Koek, Dean Kellogg
INTRODUCTION: Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a potentially life-threatening consequence in high (above T6) spinal cord injury that involves multiple incompletely understood mechanisms. While peripheral arteriolar vasoconstriction, which controls systemic vascular resistance, is documented to be pronounced during AD, the pathophysiological neurovascular junction mechanisms of this vasoconstriction are undefined. One hypothesized mechanism is increased neuronal release of norepinephrine and co-transmitters...
January 27, 2024: Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38318802/advanced-mri-biomarkers-of-the-injured-spinal-cord-a-comparative-study-of-imaging-and-histology-in-human-traumatic-sci
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah R Morris, Taylor Swift-LaPointe, Andrew Yung, Valentin H Prevost, Shana George, Andrew Bauman, Piotr Kozlowski, Zahra Samadi-Bahrami, Caron Fournier, Pushwant Mattu, Lisa Parker, Femke Streijger, Veronica Hirsch-Reinshagen, G R Wayne Moore, Brian K Kwon, Cornelia Laule
A significant problem in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is the heterogeneity of secondary injury and the prediction of neurologic outcome. Imaging biomarkers specific to myelin loss and inflammation after tSCI would enable detailed assessment of the pathophysiologic processes underpinning secondary damage to the cord. Such biomarkers could be used to biologically stratify injury severity and better inform prognosis for neurologic recovery. While much work has been done to establish MRI biomarkers for SCI in animal models, the relationship between imaging findings and the underlying pathology has been difficult to discern in human tSCI due to the paucity of human spinal cord tissue...
February 6, 2024: Journal of Neurotrauma
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38291192/understanding-the-pathophysiology-of-acute-critical-illness-translational-lessons-from-zebrafish-models
#27
REVIEW
Kensuke Fujii, Kazuma Yamakawa, Yuriko Takeda, Natsuko Okuda, Akira Takasu, Fumihito Ono
The models used to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of acute critical illness are not limited to mammalian species. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a popular model organism for studying diseases due to its transparency and rapid development. The genes and signaling pathways involved in acute critical illness appear highly conserved among zebrafish and humans. Forward genetics such as random mutagenesis by a chemical mutagen or reverse genetics methods represented by CRISPR/Cas9 allowed researchers to reveal multiple novel aspects of pathological processes in areas including infection, immunity, and regeneration...
January 31, 2024: Intensive Care Medicine Experimental
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38284859/spinal-cord-injury-olfactory-ensheathing-cell-based-therapeutic-strategies
#28
REVIEW
Xinli Chen, Yibin Liu, Pantelis Stavrinou, Lampis Stavrinou, Weipeng Hu, Roland Goldbrunner, Feng Zheng, Hefan He
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly disabling neurological disorder that is difficult to treat due to its complex pathophysiology and nerve regeneration difficulties. Hence, effective SCI treatments are necessary. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells derived from the olfactory bulb or mucosa, are ideal candidates for SCI treatment because of their neuroprotective and regenerative properties, ample supply, and convenience. In vitro, animal model, and human trial studies have reported discoveries on OEC transplantation; however, shortcomings have also been demonstrated...
January 2024: Journal of Neuroscience Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279100/comparison-of-the-prevalence-of-osteoporosis-in-people-with-spinal-cord-injury-according-to-bone-mineral-density-reference-values-for-the-diagnosis-of-osteoporosis-a-retrospective-cross-sectional-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jisun Lim, Onyoo Kim
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex cause of rapid low bone mass that easily predisposes the affected individuals to osteoporosis-induced fractures. Several studies have investigated osteoporosis pathophysiology in SCI; however, those associated with its diagnosis in SCI are limited. Additionally, errors in osteoporosis diagnosis and its prevalence vary based on the bone mineral density (BMD) reference values (BMDRV), and no studies have reported BMDRV application for osteoporosis diagnosis in individuals with SCI...
January 26, 2024: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278551/12-s-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic-acid-and-gpr31-signaling-in-spinal-cord-in-neuropathic-pain
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luigino Antonio Giancotti, Filomena Lauro, Israel Olayide, Jinsong Zhang, Christopher Kent Arnatt, Daniela Salvemini
Neuropathic pain is a pressing unmet medical need requiring novel non-opioid based therapeutic approaches. Using unbiased transcriptomic analysis, we found that the expression of Gpr31 , a G protein-coupled receptor, increased in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rats with traumatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. Daily intrathecal injections of si Gpr31 reversed behavioral hypersensitivities in a time-dependent manner. GPR31, a Gαi protein-coupled receptor, has recently been cloned and is a receptor for 12-(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-(S)-HETE)...
January 26, 2024: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38277312/ethical-issues-of-nosology-in-disorders-of-consciousness
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathaniel M Robbins, James L Bernat
The current classification scheme for severe disorders of consciousness (DoC) has several shortcomings. First, there is no consensus on how to incorporate patients with covert consciousness. Second, there is a mismatch between the definitions of severe DoC, based on consciousness, and the diagnosis of these same DoC, which is based on observable motoric responsiveness. Third, current categories are grouped into large heterogeneous syndromes which share phenotype, but do not incorporate underlying pathophysiology...
2024: NeuroRehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38248028/the-role-of-interleukin-10-in-the-pathogenesis-and-treatment-of-a-spinal-cord-injury
#32
REVIEW
Christos Patilas, Iordanis Varsamos, Athanasios Galanis, Michail Vavourakis, Dimitrios Zachariou, Vasileios Marougklianis, Ioannis Kolovos, Georgios Tsalimas, Panagiotis Karampinas, Angelos Kaspiris, John Vlamis, Spiros Pneumaticos
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that often leads to severe and permanent neurological deficits. The complex pathophysiology of an SCI involves a cascade of events, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and secondary injury processes. Among the myriad of molecular players involved, interleukin-10 (IL-10) emerges as a key regulator with the potential to modulate both the inflammatory response and promote neuroprotection. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of an SCI and explores its therapeutic implications in the quest for effective treatments...
January 9, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38216632/early-involvement-of-peripherally-derived-monocytes-in-inflammation-in-an-nmo-like-mouse-model
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Moonhang Kim, Won Seok Kim, Hyeuk Cha, Boram Kim, Young Nam Kwon, Sung Min Kim
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the optic nerve and spinal cord within the central nervous system (CNS). Acute astrocyte injury caused by autoantibodies against aquaporin 4 (NMO-IgG) is a well-established key factor in the pathogenesis, ultimately leading to neuronal damage and patient disability. In addition to these humoral immune processes, numerous innate immune cells were found in the acute lesions of NMO patients. However, the origin and function of these innate immune cells remain unclear in NMO pathogenesis...
January 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38197586/engineered-multifunctional-zinc-organic-framework-based-aggregation-induced-emission-nanozyme-for-accelerating-spinal-cord-injury-recovery
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Judun Zheng, Tianjun Chen, Ke Wang, Cheng Peng, Minghai Zhao, Qiulin Xie, Bin Li, Hongsheng Lin, Zheng Zhao, Zhisheng Ji, Ben Zhong Tang, Yuhui Liao
Functional recovery following a spinal cord injury (SCI) is challenging. Traditional drug therapies focus on the suppression of immune responses; however, strategies for alleviating oxidative stress are lacking. Herein, we developed the zinc-organic framework (Zn@MOF)-based aggregation-induced emission-active nanozymes for accelerating recovery following SCI. A multifunctional Zn@MOF was modified with the aggregation-induced emission-active molecule 2-(4-azidobutyl)-6-(phenyl(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl)amino)-1 H -phenalene-1,3-dione via a bioorthogonal reaction, and the resulting nanozymes were denoted as Zn@MOF-TPD...
January 10, 2024: ACS Nano
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195468/circ_0006640-transferred-by-bone-marrow-mesenchymal-stem-cell-exosomes-suppresses-lipopolysaccharide-induced-apoptotic-inflammatory-and-oxidative-injury-in-spinal-cord-injury
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dan Yang, Haitang Wei, Yang Sheng, Tao Peng, Qiang Zhao, Liang Xie, Jun Yang
BACKGROUND: Emerging proofs have shown that differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely associated with the pathophysiological process of spinal cord injury (SCI). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-exosomes have been demonstrated to possess favorable therapeutic effects in diseases. Herein, this work aimed to investigate the action of circ_0006640 transferred by MSC-exosomes functional recovery after SCI. METHODS: SCI animal models were established by spinal cord contusion surgery in mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse microglial cell line BV2...
January 9, 2024: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176936/plastic-spinal-motor-circuits-in-health-and-disease
#36
REVIEW
Uwe Windhorst, Payam Dibaj
In the past, the spinal cord was considered a hard-wired network responsible for spinal reflexes and a conduit for long-range connections. This view has changed dramatically over the past few decades. It is now recognized as a plastic structure that has the potential to adapt to changing environments. While such changes occur under physiological conditions, the most dramatic alterations take place in response to pathological events. Many of the changes that occur following such pathological events are maladaptive, but some appear to help adapt to the new conditions...
November 23, 2023: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38176930/targeting-mitochondrial-oxidative-stress-potential-neuroprotective-therapy-for-spinal-cord-injury
#37
REVIEW
Zhao He, Can Zhang, Jia-Xing Liang, Fan-Fan Zheng, Xiao-Ying Qi, Feng Gao
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system (CNS) injury disease related to hypoxia-ischemia and inflammation. It is characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative damage to nerve cells, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria serve as the primary cellular origin of ROS, wherein the electron transfer chain complexes within oxidative phosphorylation frequently encounter electron leakage. These leaked electrons react with molecular oxygen, engendering the production of ROS, which culminates in the occurrence of oxidative stress...
October 30, 2023: Journal of Integrative Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38151858/early-diagnosis-of-late-onset-below-level-neuropathic-pain-in-an-83-year-old-incomplete-tetraplegic-patient-a-charcot-spinal-neuro-arthropathy-case-report
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giulio Bertero, Audrey Wetzel-Weaver, Xavier Jordan
BACKGROUND Charcot spine (CS), also called neuropathic arthropathy, appears to be triggered by damage to the nervous system (either central or peripheral) impairing proprioception and pain/temperature sensation in the vertebral column. Therefore, the defense mechanisms of altered joints lead to a progressive degeneration of the vertebral joint and surrounding ligaments, which can provoke major spinal instability. Beyond the sensory aspects, mechanic factors are identified as risk factors. While its etiology and pathophysiology remain contested, CS represents a rare and difficult pathology to diagnose at an early stage, owing to its nonspecific clinical symptoms...
December 28, 2023: American Journal of Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38129427/central-neuropathic-pain
#39
REVIEW
Jan Rosner, Daniel C de Andrade, Karen D Davis, Sylvia M Gustin, John L K Kramer, Rebecca P Seal, Nanna B Finnerup
Central neuropathic pain arises from a lesion or disease of the central somatosensory nervous system such as brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis or related neuroinflammatory conditions. The incidence of central neuropathic pain differs based on its underlying cause. Individuals with spinal cord injury are at the highest risk; however, central post-stroke pain is the most prevalent form of central neuropathic pain worldwide. The mechanisms that underlie central neuropathic pain are not fully understood, but the pathophysiology likely involves intricate interactions and maladaptive plasticity within spinal circuits and brain circuits associated with nociception and antinociception coupled with neuronal hyperexcitability...
December 21, 2023: Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38115647/race-and-ethnicity-are-social-constructs-and-do-not-underpin-pathophysiologic-processes
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hilaire Thompson, Megan Moore
not applicable. Is letter to editor.
December 19, 2023: Journal of Neurotrauma
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