Pneumovax

Vaccination against pneumococcus reduces the risk of infective events, hospitalisation, and death in individual with inflammatory arthritis, particularly in those on immunomodulating therapy who are at risk of worse outcomes from pneumococcal disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the serological protection following vaccination against pneumococcal serovars over time. Methods: This was a single centre, retrospective cohort study of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, or axial spondylarthritis who had previously received the PPSV23 polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax)...

OBJECTIVES: Antibody response on polysaccharide- and protein-based vaccines is useful to test B cell functionality. As only few studies have explored the value of studying immune response to both vaccines, we evaluated the clinical value of anti-polysaccharide and anti-protein Luminex-based multiplex assays in context of primary immunodeficiency (PID) diagnosis. METHODS: A 10-plex Luminex-based assay detecting antibodies to ten pneumococcal polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes [present in unconjugated Pneumovax, not in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV)] and a 5-plex assay detecting antibodies to five protein antigens (present in DTap/Tdap) were clinically validated in healthy individuals (n=99) and in retrospective (n=399) and prospective (n=108) patient cohorts...

PURPOSE: Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended in transplant recipients to reduce the morbidity and mortality from invasive pneumococcal disease. Previous studies indicate that transplant recipients can produce specific antibodies after vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar 13 (PCV13) or the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine Pneumovax 23 (PPSV23). National guidelines recommend sequential vaccination with PCV13 followed by PPSV23 in kidney transplant patients...

Pneumococcal infections cause serious illness and death among older adults. A capsular polysaccharide vaccine PPSV23 (Pneumovax®) and a conjugated polysaccharide vaccine PCV13 (Prevnar®) are used to prevent these infections, yet underlying responses, and baseline predictors remain unknown. We recruited and vaccinated 39 older adults (>60 years) with PPSV23 or PCV13. Both vaccines induced strong antibody responses at day 28 and similar plasmablast transcriptional signatures at day 10, however, their baseline predictors were distinct...

Marginal zone (MZ) B cells are one of the main actors of T-independent (TI) responses in mice. To identify the B cell subset(s) involved in such responses in humans, we vaccinated healthy individuals with Pneumovax, a model TI vaccine. By high-throughput repertoire sequencing of plasma cells (PCs) isolated 7 days after vaccination and of different B cell subpopulations before and after vaccination, we show that the PC response mobilizes large clones systematically, including an immunoglobulin M component, whose diversification and amplification predated the pneumococcal vaccination...

We published a study showing that improvement in response to splenectomy associated defective, in regards to the antibody response to Pneumovax® 23 (23-valent polysaccharides, PPSV23), can be achieved by splenocyte reinfusion. This study triggered a debate on whether and how primary and secondary immune responses occur based on humoral antibody responses to the initial vaccination and revaccination. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine sheds new light on the interpretation of our previous data. Here, we offer an opinion on the administration of the polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), which appears to be highly relevant to the primary vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 and its booster dose...

Streptococcus pneumoniae infections cause bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) such as bacteremia, sepsis and acute meningitis. They are potentially lethal. Although polysaccharide vaccines (PPV23, Pneumovax 23®) have already provided protection in at-risk individuals, they have been imperfect, mainly because the development of anti-polysaccharide antibodies occurs without the help of T cells. The introduction of immunogenic protein conjugate vaccines (ICVs) has overcome this problem and provided better and longer lasting protection...

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Infections by Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause serious pneumococcal diseases and other medical complications among patients. Polysaccharide-based vaccines have been successfully developed as prophylactic agents against such deadly bacterial infections. In the 1980s, PNEUMOVAX® 23 were introduced as the first pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV). Later, pneumococcal polysaccharides were conjugated to a carrier protein to improve immune responses. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) such as PREVNAR® and VAXNEUVANCE™ have been developed...

In mice, pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) vaccines generate antigen-specific IgM, IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. Antibody and complement-dependent opsonophagocytosis correlates with the protection induced by PPS vaccines in vivo. Since IgM is a very efficient immunoglobulin isotype in activating the complement system, we evaluated whether anti-PPS IgM alone is sufficient to confer protective immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae. We found that immunization of wildtype and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-deficient mice capable of producing only IgM with Pneumovax®23 generated comparable anti-PPS IgM and resistance to lethal systemic challenge with S...

INTRODUCTION: Pneumococcal vaccination recommendations are constantly evolving. Recent pneumococcal vaccination guidelines have been updated to recommend pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in older adults. However, the clinical benefits of protein conjugate vaccine (PCV 13), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV 23) and dual vaccination when compared to each other remain unclear. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study conducted between 2014 and 2016 conducted at the Veterans Health administration (VHA) (N = 1,277,575)...

This is a case report of a patient who developed acute progressive shortness of breath that started two days following the administration of Shingrix and Pneumovax vaccinations. Eight days after the onset of his symptoms he was diagnosed with acute interstitial pneumonitis based on CT scan of the chest which later appeared to be consistent with the diagnosis of antisynthetase syndrome in light of findings consistent with mechanic's hands on examination, elevated Anti-Jo-1 antibody titers and aldolase on laboratory studies...

Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterial infection can cause serious diseases. Among more than 90 known streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, more than 30 can cause invasive pneumococcal diseases that could lead to morbidity and mortality. Initially, a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV) PNEUMOVAX®23, was developed to generate an antigen-specific immune response and prevent diseases caused by these pneumoniae serotypes. Later, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV), such as PREVNAR® and VAXNEUVANCE™ have been developed to offer a more robust immune response in the pediatric population...

In organ transplant recipients, the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases is 25 times greater than in the general population. Vaccination against S. pneumoniae is recommended in this cohort because it reduces the incidence of this severe form of pneumococcal infection. Previous studies indicate that transplant recipients can produce specific antibodies after pneumococcal vaccination. However, it remains unclear if vaccination also induces specific cellular immunity. In the current study on 38 kidney transplant recipients, we established an interferon-γ ELISpot assay that can detect serotype-specific cellular responses against S...

SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus causing the contemporary global pandemic. No cure has yet been discovered. Therefore, vaccination remains the only hope. We report the case of a 66-year-old male patient with a history of allergies. Five hours after his vaccination with the anti-COVID-19 vaccine AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AstraZeneca), he developed acute respiratory distress. The biological assessment showed hyperleukocytosis, 20% of which are eosinophils. Diagnosis of severe postvaccination acute eosinophilic pneumonia was retained given the history of allergy, lack of improvement on antibiotics, elimination of all other probable causes of eosinophilia, and improvement on corticosteroids...

BACKGROUND: Testing for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) requires evaluation of specific antibody responses to vaccines. Current practice of evaluating pneumococcal serotype-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels after Pneumovax (P23) has several limitations and is not accurate for patients already on immunoglobulin replacement. In contrast, the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay can be interpreted in patients on immunoglobulin replacement as ex vivo measurement of specific antibody-secreting cells (ASCs)...

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: In the era of novel agents, Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have changed the dynamics of treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, small studies have shown conflicting results regarding the additive humoral dysfunction with their use. METHODS: We prospectively compared vaccine responses in patients on ibrutinib (n = 10) with matched controls (n = 16) and analyzed whether a protein-based (tetanus-diphtheria toxoid) or a carbohydrate (Pneumovax) moiety will result in an improved immunological response...

In most countries worldwide, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have been included in the infant immunization program, resulting in a significant reduction in the burden of pneumococcal disease in children and adults. Shifting serotype distribution due to the indirect effect of infant vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) may continue to increase the gap between 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and PCV13 serotype coverage for older adults in the coming years...

Despite widespread utilization of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and the resultant disease reduction, the development of PCVs containing additional serotypes remains a public health priority due to serotype replacement and the resultant shift to non-vaccine containing serotypes. However, incorporating additional serotypes to existing PCVs using conventional technologies has proven problematic. Immune responses to individual serotypes have consistently decreased as more polysaccharide-conjugates are added due to carrier suppression...

Antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination are frequently used as a diagnostic tool for humoral immunodeficiencies, part of the larger collection of inborn errors of immunity. Currently, arbitrary criteria, such as a serotype specific titer of >/= 1.3 µg/mL is most often used as a cut-off for interpretation of pneumococcal antibody responses. The magnitude of the antibody response to each of the 23 serotypes in Pneumovax®, and serotype-specific cut-offs in healthy pneumococcal vaccine-naïve adults has not been previously characterized...