γδT

NK cells can exert remarkable graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect in HLA-haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Here, we dissected the NK-cell repertoire of 80 pediatric acute leukemia patients previously reported to have an excellent clinical outcome after αβT/B-depleted haplo-HSCT. This graft manipulation strategy allows the co-infusion of mature immune cells, mainly NK and γδT cells, and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To promote NK-cell based antileukemia activity, 36/80 patients were transplanted with an NK alloreactive donor, defined according to the KIR/KIR-Ligand mismatch in the graft-versus-host direction...

African Americans (AA) with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) have a worse disease prognosis than White patients despite adjusting for socio-economic factors, suggesting the potential biological contribution. Therefore, we investigated the genomic and immunological components that drive the differential tumor biology among race. We utilized the cancer genome atlas and cancer digital archive of HNSCC patients (1992-2013) for our study. We found that AA patients with HNSCC had a higher frequency of mutation compared to Whites in the key driver genes-P53, FAT1, CASP8 and HRAS...

γδT cells represent the majority of lymphocytes in several mucosal tissues where they contribute to tissue homoeostasis, microbial defence and wound repair. Here we characterise a population of interleukin (IL) 17-producing γδ (γδ17) T cells that seed the testis of naive C57BL/6 mice, expand at puberty and persist throughout adulthood. We show that this population is foetal-derived and displays a T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire highly biased towards Vγ6-containing rearrangements. These γδ17 cells were the major source of IL-17 in the testis, whereas αβ T cells mostly provided interferon (IFN)-γ in situ...

The efficacy of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy in treatment of gastric cancer (GC) remains inconsistent even controversial. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to better comprehend the clinical value of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy for GC patients. We searched PubMed, Embase and EBSCO databases to identify the studies evaluating the association of cellular immunotherapy plus chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) and/or disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with GC, and then combined relevant data into hazard ratios (HRs) for OS, DFS and clinicopathological features such as TNM stage, etc...

AIMS: The study aimed to investigate whether IL-23 is amplified in monocyte subsets of MP pneumonia and to determine its relevant pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We firstly analyze the IL-23p19 expression in monocyte subgroups in MP pneumonia patients and healthy controls subjects by using flow cytometry. Then, we also analyzed the percentage of IL-17+ γδT cells and Th17 cells in patients with MP pneumonia and controls subjects. At the same time, the relation between IL-23 and IL-17 were also assessed...

SerpinB1, previously known as MNEI (monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor), has been well established to maintain the survival of neutrophils. Our recent studies showed that SerpinB1 is also the signature gene of IL-17-producing γδT cells and Th17 cells, and its expression is maintained by IL-23 signaling. Deficiency of SerpinB1 largely ameliorates the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with enhanced granule protease-mediated mitochondrial damage leading to suicidal cell death of pathogenic CD4 T cells...

Autologous T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against the CD19 antigen are in the frontline of contemporary hemato-oncology therapies, leading to high remission rates in B-cell malignancies. Although effective, major obstacles involve the complex and costly individualized manufacturing process, and CD19 target antigen loss or modulation leading to resistant and relapse following CAR therapy. A potential solution for these limitations is the use of donor-derived γδT cells as a CAR backbone...

The γδ T cells play an important role in both mice and humans as a source of the cytokine IL-17, which is key for immune resistance to certain pathogens. In mice, most of these IL-17 producers, termed γδT-17 cells, actually comprise two distinct types: those expressing an invariant Vγ6Vδ1+ TCR and those expressing a Vγ4+ TCR. Murine γδT-17 cells acquire an inherent bias to produce IL-17 and other "type 17" cytokines during thymic development. The similarities and differences between the two mouse γδT-17 types are reviewed here, and the potential implications of their differences are discussed...

Objective: To investigate the frequencies and numbers of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and γδT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with the Parkinson's disease (PD), and to examine their association with the PD severity. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from 47 PD patients (PD group) and 47 age-matched healthy control subjects (HC group) were collected. The frequencies and the absolute cell numbers were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mann-Whitney U -test was used to test the difference between two groups, where P < 0...

Cow milk is a nourishing food containing numerous essential nutrients. In Japan, the consumption of cow milk is thought to enhance resistance to exhaustion-related diseases. Although several nutrients in cow milk, such as lactoferrin, are thought to modulate immune cells, the mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, the immunoregulatory functions of food-derived microRNAs or exosomes have been reported. Therefore, we studied the effects of exosomes derived from cow milk (CM-Exs) on immune cells in the present study...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the primary air pollutant that is able to induce airway injury. Compelling evidence has shown the involvement of IL-17A in lung injury, while its contribution to PM2.5-induced lung injury remains largely unknown. Here, we probed into the possible role of IL-17A in mouse models of PM2.5-induced lung injury. Mice were instilled with PM2.5 to construct a lung injury model. Flow cytometry was carried out to isolate γδT and Th17 cells. ELISA was adopted to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in the supernatant of lavage fluid...

Cytomegalovirus is a major infectious cause of mortality and morbidity following transplantation. We have previously demonstrated that the tissue-associated adaptive Vδ2neg γδ T-cells are key effectors responding to CMV and associated to recovery, contrasting with their innate-like circulating counterparts, the Vγ9posVδ2pos T-cells that respond to phosphoantigens but not to CMV. A third additional Vγ9negVδ2pos subgroup with adaptive functions has been recently described in adults. Here, we demonstrate that these Vγ9negVδ2pos T-cells are also components of the CMV immune response while presenting with distinct characteristics from Vδ2neg γδT-cells...

Background: γδT cell lymphoma (γδ TCL) is a class of hematopoietic malignancy that expresses the γδ T cell receptor (TCR) with a low incidence. Determining the clonal proliferation of γδT cells is important for the diagnosis of such malignancies. Few studies have used flow cytometry to detect VδTCR and its subtypes (Vδ1 and Vδ2) at the protein level, although it is a practical method for determining the neoplastic γδT cells. Methods: A TCRVδ-based 10-color protocol was designed for the detection of malignant proliferation of γδT subtype cells by multiparameter flow cytometry, and the diagnostic results were compared with the gene rearrangement results...

IL-17A is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by many types of innate immune cells and Th17 cells and is involved in the elimination of extracellularly growing microorganisms, yet the role of this cytokine in the host defense against intracellularly growing microorganisms is not well known. Cryptococcus deneoformans is an opportunistic intracellular growth fungal pathogen that frequently causes fatal meningoencephalitis in patients with impaired immune responses. In the current study, we analyzed the role of IL-17A in the host defense against C...

γδT cells are unconventional T lymphocytes that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Based on the composition of T cell receptor and the cytokines produced, γδT cells can be divided into diverse subsets that may be present at different locations, including the liver, epithelial layer of the gut, the dermis and so on. Many of these cells perform specific functions in liver diseases, such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver cirrhosis and liver cancers. In this review, we discuss the distribution, subsets, functions of γδT cells and the relationship between the microbiota and γδT cells in common hepatic diseases...

PURPOSE: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most clinically significant pathogen following lung transplantation (LTx). While currently used anti-viral treatments are efficacious, their use is associated with toxicity and antiviral resistance. Given early promising results, immunotherapy is an attractive option to complement current antiviral therapies. We assessed the phenotype of circulating T cells following LTx with the aim of identifying novel cell subsets that may be candidate population as anti-viral immunotherapy...

The thymus is unique in its ability to support the maturation of phenotypically and functionally distinct T cell sub-lineages. Through its combined production of MHC-restricted conventional CD4+ and CD8+ , and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, as well as non-conventional CD1d-restricted iNKT cells and invariant γδT cells, the thymus represents an important orchestrator of immune system development and control. It is now clear that thymus function is largely determined by the availability of stromal microenvironments...

Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and γδT cells are both critical players in immunosurveillance against pathogens and cancer due to their ability to sense microbes and cell stress through recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or altered metabolism [phosphoantigens (PAgs)]. Their unique features, high functional plasticity and ability to interact with many immune cell types allow them to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, initiating and orientating widely immune responses, hence contributing to protective and pathogenic immune responses...

Aim: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has demonstrated clinical benefits in metastatic melanoma treatment. However, the clinical application of TILs produced by a widely used standard protocol from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be quite challenging because of the limited clinical benefits. A comprehensive phenotypic knowledge of TILs obtained from NSCLC is important for the development and improvement of personalized TIL therapy for NSCLC patients. Methods: In this study, we successfully expanded TILs from 141 NSCLC tissues which can be used in clinical ACT after expansion by a rapid expansion protocol (REP)...

Interleukin (IL)-22 is a member of IL-10 family cytokines with various immunologic functions. As its name implies, IL-22 is known to be secreted mainly by Th22 cells, a recently discovered lineage of CD4+ T cells. Also, Th17, Th1, natural killer cells, γδT cells, and innate immune cells along with some nonlymphoid cells have been confirmed as secondary cellular sources of IL-22. Different cell types such as bronchial and intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, hepatocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and tubular epithelial cells are affected by IL-22...