keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494264/multi-epitope-vaccine-design-against-leishmaniasis-using-ifn-%C3%AE-inducing-epitopes-from-immunodominant-gp46-and-gp63-proteins
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amir Dehghani, Mina Mamizadeh, Atena Karimi, Seyyed Amir Hosseini, Davood Siamian, Morteza Shams, Shadan Ghiabi, Gholam Basati, Amir Abaszadeh
There is no currently approved human vaccine against leishmaniasis. Utilization of immunogenic antigens and their epitopes capable of enhancing immune responses against leishmaniasis is a crucial step for rational in silico vaccine design. The objective of this study was to generate and evaluate a potential vaccine candidate against leishmaniasis, designed by immunodominant proteins from gp46 and gp63 of Leishmania major, which can stimulate helper T-lymphocytes (HTL) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). For this aim, the IFN-γ-inducing MHC-I and MHC-II binders were predicted for each examined protein (gp46 and gp63) and connected with appropriate linkers, along with an adjuvant (Mycobacterium tuberculosis L7/L12) and a histidine tag...
March 2024: Journal, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488964/antibiotic-adjuvant-4-hexylresorcinol-enhances-the-efficiency-of-antituberculosis-drugs
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu A Nikolaev, T N Mukhina, V D Potapov, B B Kuznetsov, G I El'-Registan, V V Firstova, I G Shemyakin, O Yu Manzenyuk
We studied the possibility of using 4-hexylresorcinol to increase the efficiency of anti-mycobacterial chemotherapy. In an in vitro experiment, 4-hexylresorcinol increased the efficiency of rifampicin, kanamycin, and isoniazid against Mycobacterium smegmatis by 3-5 times. Experiments in sanitation of BALB/c mice infected with M. smegmatis showed the best efficacy of the isoniazid and 4-hexylresorcinol combination in comparison with isoniazid monotherapy. The growth-inhibiting activity of the combination of antibiotic rifabutin with 4-hexylresorcinol was shown on 6 strains of M...
March 15, 2024: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486698/the-changes-and-its-significance-of-peripheral-blood-nk-cells-in-patients-with-tuberculous-meningitis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Mi, Yinping Liu, Yong Xue, Wenna Sun, Yan Liang, Jianqin Liang, Huiru An, Xueqiong Wu
OBJECTIVE: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the number of natural killer (NK) cells and adaptive immune status, and disease severity in TBM patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 244 TB patients and 146 healthy control subjects in the 8th Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from March 2018 and August 2023. RESULTS: The absolute count of NK cells in the peripheral blood of TBM patients was significantly lower than that in normal controls (NC), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and non-severe TB (NSTB) patients ( p  < 0...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473830/benzothiadiazinone-1-1-dioxide-carbonic-anhydrase-inhibitors-suppress-the-growth-of-drug-resistant-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-strains
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Bua, Alessandro Bonardi, Georgiana Ramona Mük, Alessio Nocentini, Paola Gratteri, Claudiu T Supuran
2 H -Benzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazin-3(4 H )-one 1,1-dioxide (BTD) based carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are here explored as new anti-mycobacterial agents. The chemical features of BTD derivatives meet the criteria for a potent inhibition of β-class CA isozymes. BTD derivatives show chemical features meeting the criteria for a potent inhibition of β-class CA isozymes. Specifically, three β-CAs (MtCA1, MtCA2, and MtCA3) were identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their inhibition was shown to exert an antitubercular action...
February 23, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38457094/thoracic-manifestations-of-tularaemia-a-case-series
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Vacca, B Wilhelms, S Zange, K Avsar, W Gesierich, M Heiß-Neumann
BACKGROUND: Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a highly virulent bacterium that affects humans and small wild animals. It is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly through contaminated soil, water or arthropod bites (e.g. ticks). Primary thoracic manifestations of tularaemia are infrequent and, therefore, a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. METHODS: We report six tularaemia cases with exclusively thoracic involvement diagnosed in a clinic for pulmonary diseases in Bavaria between 10/2020 and 02/2022...
March 8, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38442687/distinctive-antibody-responses-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-in-pulmonary-and-brain-infection
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marianna Spatola, Nadège Nziza, Edward B Irvine, Deniz Cizmeci, Wonyeong Jung, Le Hong Van, Le Thanh Hoang Nhat, Vu Thi Ngoc Ha, Nguyen Hoan Phu, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Guy Thwaites, Douglas A Lauffenburger, Sarah Fortune, Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong, Galit Alter
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains a global health burden. While Mtb is primarily a respiratory pathogen, it can spread to other organs, including the brain and meninges, causing TB meningitis (TBM). However, little is known about the immunological mechanisms that leads to differential disease across organs. Attention has focused on differences in T cell responses in the control of Mtb in the lungs, but emerging data point to a role for antibodies, as both biomarkers of disease control and as antimicrobial molecules...
March 5, 2024: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38424321/novel-presentation-of-major-histocompatibility-complex-class-ii-deficiency-with-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fayhan J Alroqi, Musaab A Alhezam, Abdullah I Almojali, Tlili Barhoumi, Nouf Althubaiti, Yousef Alharbi, Mohammed A Al Balwi, Abdulrahman Alrasheed
PURPOSE: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II deficiency is one of the combined immune deficiency disorders caused by defects in the MHC class II regulatory genes leading to abnormal T cells development and function. Therefore, patients mainly present with increased susceptibility to infections, diarrhea, and failure to thrive. In this report, we present one MHC class II deficient patient with a novel presentation with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). METHODS: Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subpopulations and HLA-DR expression was assess by flow cytometry...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Clinical Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38416532/who-transmits-tuberculosis-to-whom-a-cross-sectional-analysis-of-a-cohort-study-in-lima-peru
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Letizia Trevisi, Meredith B Brooks, Mercedes C Becerra, Roger I Calderón, Carmen C Contreras, Jerome T Galea, Judith Jimenez, Leonid W Lecca, Rosa M Yataco, Ximena Tovar, Zibiao Zhang, Megan B Murray, Chuan-Chin Huang
RATIONALE: The persistent burden of TB disease emphasizes the need to identify individuals with TB for treatment and those at a high risk of incident TB for prevention. Targeting interventions towards those at high risk of developing and transmitting tuberculosis is a public health priority. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify characteristics of individuals involved in tuberculosis transmission in a community setting, which may guide the prioritization of targeted interventions...
February 28, 2024: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38400140/development-of-np-based-universal-vaccine-for-influenza-a-viruses
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ekramy E Sayedahmed, Nelly O Elshafie, Andrea P Dos Santos, Chinnaswamy Jagannath, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Suresh K Mittal
The nucleoprotein (NP) is a vital target for the heterosubtypic immunity of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) due to its conservation among influenza virus subtypes. To further enhance the T cell immunity of NP, autophagy-inducing peptide C5 (AIP-C5) from the CFP10 protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used. Mice were immunized intranasally (i.n.) with human adenoviral vectors, HAd-C5-NP(H7N9) or HAd-NP(H7N9), expressing NP of an H7N9 influenza virus with or without the AIP-C5, respectively. Both vaccines developed similar levels of NP-specific systemic and mucosal antibody titers; however, there was a significantly higher number of NP-specific CD8 T cells secreting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in the HAd-C5-NP(H7N9) group than in the HAd-NP(H7N9) group...
February 2, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380450/genetic-variations-of-angiotensinogen-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-and-angiotensin-type-1-receptor-with-the-risk-of-pulmonary-tuberculosis
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamidreza Kouhpayeh, Mohammad Naderi, Zahra Mohammadghasemipour, Gholamreza Bahari, Nastaran Elahian, Mohsen Taheri, Mohammad Hashemi
There is little data regarding the impact of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms on tuberculosis. The current study designed to survey the possible association between RAS polymorphisms and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a sample of the southeast Iranian population. This case-control study was done on 170 PTB patients and 170 healthy subjects. The AGT rs699 C&gt;T, ACE rs4341 C&gt;G and AT1R rs5186 C&gt;A variants were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and ACE rs4646994 (287bp I/D) variant by PCR method...
2024: Prague Medical Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378497/the-pep-%C3%A2-study-protocol-a-cluster-randomised-controlled-trial-on-the-effectiveness-of-an-enhanced-regimen-of-post-exposure-prophylaxis-for-close-contacts-of-persons-affected-by-leprosy-to-prevent-disease-transmission
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Duane C Hinders, Anneke T Taal, Suchitra Lisam, Aymée M da Rocha, Nand Lal Banstola, Prativa Bhandari, Abhijit Saha, Jugal Kishore, Virginia O Fernandes, Abu Sufian Chowdhury, Anna T van 't Noordende, Liesbeth Mieras, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Wim H van Brakel
BACKGROUND: Leprosy is an infectious disease with a slow decline in global annual caseload in the past two decades. Active case finding and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) with a single dose of rifampicin (SDR) are recommended by the World Health Organization as measures for leprosy elimination. However, more potent PEP regimens are needed to increase the effect in groups highest at risk (i.e., household members and blood relatives, especially of multibacillary patients). The PEP++ trial will assess the effectiveness of an enhanced preventive regimen against leprosy in high-endemic districts in India, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Nepal compared with SDR-PEP...
February 20, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38313882/lagerstroemia-speciosa-pers-lythraceae-ethanolic-extract-attenuates-isoniazid-induced-oxidative-stress-and-hepatic-inflammation-in-rats
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
T Rohit Singh, Devaraj Ezhilarasan, Munusamy Karthick, Karthik Shree Harini
Background Drug-induced liver injury is a common cause of acute liver failure. Isoniazid (INH) is used as a first-line treatment for tuberculosis. Clinical and experimental studies have reported abnormal liver function after INH therapy. Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers., commonly known as banaba, has been traditionally used to treat various ailments including diabetes and obesity due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic banaba leaf extract (EBLE) against INH-induced hepatotoxicity in rats...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303043/the-potential-for-vaccines-to-aid-the-treatment-of-post-tb-lung-disease
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D R Silva, A P Santos, D Visca, S Bombarda, M M P Dalcolmo, T Galvão, S S de Miranda, A A A I Parente, M F Rabah, R K B de Sales, G B Miglior, F C de Queiroz Mello
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 1, 2024: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38303038/nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-and-pharmacovigilance-data
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Lassan, M Gocova, I Solovic, T Tesar, Z Motesicka, M Lassanova
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 1, 2024: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38187647/systems-genetics-uncover-new-loci-containing-functional-gene-candidates-in-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-infected-diversity-outbred-mice
#15
D M Gatti, A L Tyler, J M Mahoney, G A Churchill, B Yener, D Koyuncu, M N Gurcan, Mkk Niazi, T Tavolara, A C Gower, D Dayao, E McGlone, M L Ginese, A Specht, A Alsharaydeh, P A Tessier, S L Kurtz, K Elkins, I Kramnik, G Beamer
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacillus that causes tuberculosis (TB), infects 2 billion people across the globe, and results in 8-9 million new TB cases and 1-1.5 million deaths each year. Most patients have no known genetic basis that predisposes them to disease. We investigated the complex genetic basis of pulmonary TB by modelling human genetic diversity with the Diversity Outbred mouse population. When infected with M. tuberculosis , one-third develop early onset, rapidly progressive, necrotizing granulomas and succumb within 60 days...
December 22, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38184074/hiv-infection-impairs-the-host-response-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-infection-by-altering-surfactant-protein-d-function-in-the-human-lung-alveolar-mucosa
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anwari Akhter, Juan I Moliva, Abul K Azad, Angélica Olmo-Fontánez, Andreu Garcia-Vilanova, Julia M Scordo, Mikhail A Gavrilin, Phillip T Diaz, Janice J Endsley, Susan T Weintraub, Larry S Schlesinger, Mark D Wewers, Jordi B Torrelles
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death for people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesized that altered functions of innate immune components in the human alveolar lining fluid of PLWH (HIV-ALF), drive susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Our results indicate a significant increase in oxidation of innate proteins and chemokine levels, and significantly lower levels and function of complement components and Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in HIV-ALF vs. control-ALF (non-HIV infected people)...
January 4, 2024: Mucosal Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38178289/the-impact-of-sputum-quality-on-xpert-positivity-in-active-case-finding-for-tb
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
B Oliveira da Silva, A D Salindri, T O Gonçalves, E A T Cunha, A da Silva Santos, P C P Dos Santos, I B G Lemes, D P B Silva, V da Silva Oliveira, J Croda, R D de Oliveira, J R Andrews
BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating sputum quality and Xpert® MTB/RIF positivity in the context of active case finding are scarce. We aimed to determine whether sputum quality is associated with Xpert positivity and whether the association differed according to demographic and clinical characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis using data from a mass screening programme in Brazilian prisons was conducted from 2017 to 2021. We administered a standardised questionnaire, obtained a chest X-ray and collected a spot sputum sample for Xpert testing...
January 1, 2024: International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38175804/second-nationwide-tuberculosis-outbreak-caused-by-bone-allografts-containing-live-cells-united-states-2023
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan M Wortham, Maryam B Haddad, Rebekah J Stewart, Pallavi Annambhotla, Sridhar V Basavaraju, Scott A Nabity, Isabel S Griffin, Emily McDonald, Elizabeth M Beshearse, Marissa K Grossman, Kimberly R Schildknecht, Helene M Calvet, Chris E Keh, Jeffrey M Percak, Myron Coloma, Tambi Shaw, Peter J Davidson, Shona R Smith, Robert P Dickson, Daniel R Kaul, Annett R Gonzalez, Saroj Rai, Gretchen Rodriguez, Sandra Morris, Lisa Y Armitige, Jessica Stapleton, Michael Lacassagne, Laura R Young, Kiley Ariail, Heidi Behm, Hannah T Jordan, Magdalene Spencer, Diana M Nilsen, Brenda Montoya Denison, Marcos Burgos, Juliet M Leonard, Erick Cortes, Tyler C Thacker, Kimberly A Lehman, Adam J Langer, Lauren S Cowan, Angela M Starks, Philip A LoBue
During July 7-11, 2023, CDC received reports of two patients in different states with a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis following spinal surgical procedures that used bone allografts containing live cells from the same deceased donor. An outbreak associated with a similar product manufactured by the same tissue establishment (i.e., manufacturer) occurred in 2021. Because of concern that these cases represented a second outbreak, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration worked with the tissue establishment to determine that this product was obtained from a donor different from the one implicated in the 2021 outbreak and learned that the bone allograft product was distributed to 13 health care facilities in seven states...
January 5, 2024: MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38149542/antibody-reactivity-to-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-specific-regions-of-differences-1-and-regions-of-differences-9-proteins-and-peptides-in-rabbits-mice-and-humans
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shumaila N M Hanif, R Al-Attiyah, A S Mustafa
BACKGROUND: The major antigens encoded by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific genomic regions of differences (RDs) could be useful in the development of new vaccines and/or diagnostic reagents using T-cell and/or antibody assays. In particular, RD1 proteins PE35, PPE68, ESXA, ESXB, and RD9 protein ESXV and their peptides have been identified as major T-cell antigens. However, little is known about their antibody reactivities in different mammalian species. This study aims to determine the antigen-specific antibody reactivities to the above antigens and their peptides in three different mammalian species, i...
2023: International Journal of Mycobacteriology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38147394/-pseudotumorous-form-of-primary-central-nervous-system-vasculitis
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L A Kalashnikova, P L Anufriev, R N Konovalov, L A Dobrynina, A A Shabalina
A 23-year-old female patient with primary vasculitis of the central nervous system simulating a brain tumor is described. The clinical picture was represented by migraine-like headaches, ataxia, transient numbness of the right leg, the lips, double vision, a slight decrease of cognitive functions. MRI of the brain revealed a tumor-like focus in the cerebellum, intensively accumulating contrast, containing micro-hemorrhages (SWI mode). Small single ischemic foci in the brain hemispheres and brain stem were also found...
2023: Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
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