keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12051521/effect-of-intermittent-umbilical-cord-occlusion-on-fetal-respiratory-activity-and-brain-adenosine-in-late-gestation-sheep
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carole S Watson, Rachel Schaefer, Susan E White, Jacobus H Homan, Laurence Fraher, Richard Harding, Alan D Bocking
It was hypothesized that intermittent umbilical cord occlusion (UCO) would inhibit ovine fetal breathing movements (FBM) in association with increased cerebral adenosine levels. To test this hypothesis, on two successive days during late gestation (133-134 days; term = 146 days), microdialysis samples were collected from the brains of 10 chronically instrumented fetal sheep during 2-h periods of complete UCO induced every 30 min (Day 1: 2-min UCOs; Day 2: 4-min UCOs). Control fetuses (n = 10) underwent no UCO...
2002: Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11793825/-antenatal-administration-of-glucocorticosteroids-in-threatened-preterm-birth
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G H Visser
The administration of glucocorticosteroids to pregnant women results in a striking decrease of neonatal morbidity and mortality in premature infants. A single course of steroids--24 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone, given in 2 to 4 doses--does not seem to result in long-term adverse effects, although relatively few follow-up studies have been carried out. However, betamethasone causes a temporary--yet considerable--reduction in fetal heart rate variation as well as in fetal breathing and body movements...
December 29, 2001: Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
https://read.qxmd.com/read/11223275/fetal-habituation-to-vibroacoustic-stimulation-in-relation-to-fetal-states-and-fetal-heart-rate-parameters
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C F van Heteren, P F Boekkooi, H W Jongsma, J G Nijhuis
OBJECTIVES: Fetal habituation to repeated stimulation has the potential to become a tool in the assessment of fetal condition and of the function of the fetal central nervous system (CNS). However, the influence of fetal quiescence and activity on habituation remains to be clarified. We studied habituation and the influence of fetal state and fetal heart rate (FHR) parameters on habituation in healthy term fetuses. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We studied habituation in 37 healthy fetuses in two tests with an interval of 10 min...
March 2001: Early Human Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/9240584/electrocortical-and-heart-rate-response-during-vibroacoustic-stimulation-in-fetal-sheep
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Bauer, M Schwab, R M Abrams, J Stein, K J Gerhardt
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study effects of vibroacoustic stimuli on electrocortical activity and heart rate changes in fetal sheep in utero. STUDY DESIGN: Seven chronically instrumented near-term fetal sheep were repeatedly stimulated by an electronic artificial larynx for 32 seconds during periods of rapid-eye-movement and non-rapid-eye-movement sleep. Responses to vibroacoustic stimulation were obtained by spectral analysis of the electrocorticogram (fast Fourier transform) and by assessment of changes in fetal heart rate and fetal heart rate variability...
July 1997: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8958480/contractile-activity-of-the-uterus-prior-to-labor-alters-the-temporal-organization-of-spontaneous-motor-activity-in-the-fetal-sheep
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S S Robertson, S L Johnson, L F Bacher, J R Wood, C H Wong, S R Robinson, W P Smotherman, P W Nathanielsz
Contractile activity of the uterus before the onset of labor (uterine contractures) has been described in a number of species and provides a powerful source of repeated stimulation for the fetus throughout much of gestation. To understand how fetal behavior responds to this dynamic aspect of the intrauterine environment, we investigated the effects of uterine contractures on the temporal organization of spontaneous motor activity in the fetal sheep during the last fifth of gestation. Eleven fetuses were instrumented on 113-116 days of gestation (dGA)...
December 1996: Developmental Psychobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8672964/-morphophysiological-analysis-of-the-formation-of-mechanisms-of-the-activity-rest-cycle-in-human-ontogenesis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A I Belich, N N Konstantinova, V V Natsvlishvili, N G Pavlova, N I Popova
The natural behavior of normal and anencephalic fetuses at 20 to 41 weeks of the development was studied by ultrasound monitoring and continuous recording of heart rate (HR) and motor activity (MA), followed by processing and presentation on [symbol: see text]CM computer. The statistical characteristics of HR and MA changes in the anencephalic fetuses were corrected by the degree of CNS deficiency. The comparative study of 20 normal and 34 anencephalic fetuses showed: 1) when the spinal cord was present, stable HR (about 150 bpm) seems to be due to cardiac automatism and sharp decelerations unaccompanied by MA were recorded; 2) in fetuses with the medulla oblongata present showed a decrease in baseline HR up to 140 bpm, repeated pronounced decelerations and spontaneous single motor acts dissociated with the latter; 3) when a rudiment of the midbrain was present, some reductions in the amplitude of decelerations and manifestation of weak accelerations, cluster motor acts, brief episodes of the active state were revealed; 4) the quiet state was observed in fetuses with the cerebral cortex; 5) the rest-activity cycle formed with further differentiation of the cerebral cortex...
1996: Vestnik Rossiĭskoĭ Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk
https://read.qxmd.com/read/8475956/maternal-caffeine-consumption-and-fetal-behavior-in-normal-third-trimester-pregnancy
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L D Devoe, C Murray, A Youssif, M Arnaud
OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to perform a longitudinal cohort study of 20 normal third-trimester pregnancies to observe whether the level of long-term maternal caffeine ingestion influenced fetal behavior. STUDY DESIGN: By dietary history 10 normal pregnant women were categorized as "high" caffeine consumers (> 500 mg/day, group H) and 10 as "low" caffeine consumers (> 200 mg/day, group L). Between 30 and 40 weeks biweekly 2-hour continuous ultrasonographic observations of fetal heart rate; breathing activity; and eye, trunk, and extremity movements were conducted...
April 1993: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7792495/behavioral-state-organization-in-normal-human-term-fetuses-the-relationship-between-periods-of-undefined-state-and-other-characteristics-of-state-control
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L J Groome, L S Bentz, K P Singh
Repeated alteration in episodes of quiet sleep and active sleep is a basic feature of behavioral state organization in human fetuses. When compared to normal fetuses, at-risk fetuses generally exhibit extended periods of no coincidence (PsNC), that is, associations between state variables that cannot be classified as a sleep state. The purpose of this study was to determine if fetuses with extended PsNC differ in other state measures from fetuses with short PsNC. Fetal heart rate and fetal eye and gross body movements were collected simultaneously on 85 normal human fetuses between 37 and 41 weeks gestation for a total of 9,135 minutes (mean 108...
February 1995: Sleep
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7726260/fetal-behavioral-state-patterns-during-and-after-prolonged-exposure-to-cocaine-in-sheep
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D J Burchfield, A J Peters, R M Abrams, D Phillips
OBJECTIVE: Studies on the effects of cocaine in fetal animals have been limited to acute exposures to the drug. We hypothesized that a prolonged infusion of cocaine to the fetal sheep would initially interrupt normal behavioral state cycling but the effects would be short lived as the fetus gained tolerance to the drug. STUDY DESIGN: The study was performed in a university laboratory on six time-dated pregnant ewes at 125 days' gestation. Fetal sheep, surgically instrumented 3 days before study, were given cocaine hydrochloride 0...
April 1995: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7645631/distance-from-an-intrauterine-hydrophone-as-a-factor-affecting-intrauterine-sound-pressure-levels-produced-by-the-vibroacoustic-stimulation-test
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D P Eller, J A Scardo, A E Dillon, A J Klein, S L Stramm, R B Newman
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrauterine sound pressure levels produced by vibroacoustic stimulation were associated with distance from an intrauterine hydrophone in human parturients and to evaluate the effects of distance on the spectrum of the stimulus. STUDY DESIGN: Measurements of intrauterine sound were taken in eight volunteer parturients in normal active-phase labor by use of an intrauterine hydrophone. Vibroacoustic stimulation was performed on the maternal abdomen directly overlying the hydrophone; at distance of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm from the hydrophone; and at the maternal sternum...
August 1995: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7393515/effects-of-maternal-sedation-during-fetoscopy
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M R Lebed, H L Nisenbaum, C Cope, B Berger
While instituting a new program in fetoscopy, the authors explored the effects of sedation with meperidine (Demerol) and promethazine HCl (Phenergan) during fetoscopy conducted on 10 mothers at 14 to 18 weeks' gestation. Each received 100 mg of meperidine and 50 mg of promethazine HCl approximately 30 minutes before the procedure. In 3 instances, a repeat half-dose injection was made at 30 minutes for adequate analgesia. Sex of the fetus was determined accurately in 9 instances. In 9 of 10 cases, visualization was satisfactory; technical problems in 1 case precluded visualization...
August 1980: Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7246689/numerical-analysis-of-the-human-fetal-heart-rate-modulation-by-breathing-and-movement
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G S Dawes, G H Visser, J D Goodman, D H Levine
Signal averaging has been used to identify the modulation of fetal heart periods (pulse intervals) by body movements and breathing, identified by a real-time ultrasound scan in normal pregnancies of 37 to 39 weeks. Accelerations were associated with fetal movements and were accompanied by arrest of fetal breathing and a decrease in beat-to-beat variation. They were commonly succeeded by decelerations, with an increase in beat-to-beat variation, within 15 to 20 seconds. In the absence of gross accelerations or decelerations, fetal breathing was associated with a high-frequency modulation of heart periods, measureable as a small increase in beat-to-beat variation...
July 1, 1981: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/7117917/correlation-between-hormonal-levels-and-ultrasound-in-patients-with-threatened-abortion
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Dessaive, R de Hertogh, K Thomas
96 women with threatened abortion were monitored by repeated ultrasonic examinations. Simultaneously plasma HCG, progesterone, estradiol and estriol levels were measured. 12 patients with blighted ovum had hormonal levels in the low normal range before the 8th week and abnormal values after the 10th week. 31 patients had abnormal ultrasonic morphology and absence of fetal heart movements. In half of these patients, estradiol was low even before vaginal bleeding. When vaginal bleeding occurred, all subjects who aborted later, except 1, had at least one abnormal hormonal value...
1982: Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/6501810/effect-of-hypoxia-on-the-excitability-of-two-cranial-reflexes-in-unanaesthetized-fetal-sheep
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D W Walker, R Harding
In fetal sheep acute hypoxia causes a decreased incidence of breathing movements and motor activity, and the excitability of polysynaptic reflexes in the hindlimbs is depressed. To determine whether this inhibitory effect extends to other areas in the fetal CNS, we have studied the effect of hypoxia on two reflexes with cranial pathways. The digastric (jaw opening) reflex was elicited by stimulation of the dental nerve through a pair of stainless steel electrodes implanted into the mandible (4 fetuses). The thyroarytenoid muscle of the larynx was reflexly activated by stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve by a cuff electrode (4 fetuses)...
October 1984: Journal of Developmental Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/3826840/myometrial-activity-during-natural-and-dexamethasone-induced-parturition-in-the-cow
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M J Burton, H E Dziuk, M L Fahning, R Zemjanis
Myometrial activity was monitored during natural and dexamethasone-induced parturition in 8 Holstein dairy cattle, using strain gauge transducers. Four gauges were attached to the serosal surface of the gravid uterine horn, dividing it into thirds. Parturition was induced in 2 of 4 heifers and 2 of 4 cows (group 1); the remaining animals were allowed to calve spontaneously (group 2). Chains of low-amplitude contractions (repeated small deviations from base line) were detected before parturition was induced, and these were more common at distended parts of the uterus...
January 1987: American Journal of Veterinary Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/3415932/the-changes-in-fetal-habituation-patterns-due-to-a-decrease-in-inspired-maternal-oxygen
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L R Leader, P Baillie
Habituation is widely regarded as a basic form of learning. A fully functioning central nervous system is probably required for a normal habituation pattern. Habituation of the behavioural response to vibroacoustic stimulation was studied in 23 normal human fetuses whose gestational age was 36 or more weeks. Eighteen were tested whilst their mothers breathed either air or a 12% oxygen in nitrogen mixture. The test was repeated the following day with the order of the gases reversed. In addition five fetuses were tested while their mothers breathed air on both occasions...
July 1988: British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/3353399/measurement-of-blood-flow-and-oxygen-consumption-in-the-pelvic-limb-of-fetal-sheep
#37
COMPARATIVE STUDY
R B Wilkening, D W Boyle, G Meschia
In order to determine blood flow and oxygen consumption in the pelvic limb of fetal sheep, we applied the Fick principle of measurement of oxygen consumption in seven paired experiments in seven fetal sheep under normal conditions and after treatment with pancuronium bromide. Catheterization procedures, which minimized interference with the study limb circulation, avoided changes of catheter tip position during fetal movements,n and prevented collateral circulation to and from tissues not located in the pelvic limb, were utilized...
April 1988: Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/2804186/effect-of-hypoxia-and-catecholamines-on-the-habituation-rates-of-chronically-catheterized-ovine-fetuses
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L R Leader, F G Smith, E R Lumbers, A D Stevens
Integrated electromyographic, electrocortical (ECoG) and electro-ocular activity were recorded in 13 chronically prepared fetal sheep (130-145 days). Fetal movements and the rate of habituation to repeated suffusions of cold saline against the fetal skin were recorded. Experiments were repeated during an intravenous infusion of noradrenaline to the fetus (0.4 microgram/kg estimated fetal weight/min) and during hypoxia induced by altering the oxygen content of the inspired air to the ewe to 9%. Repeated stimulation with cold saline resulted in an increase in fetal movements (p = 0...
1989: Biology of the Neonate
https://read.qxmd.com/read/2365130/the-effect-of-ethanol-on-habituation-and-the-cardiovascular-response-to-stimulation-in-fetal-sheep
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L R Leader, F G Smith, E R Lumbers
Fetal cardiovascular (CVS) changes, forelimb movements (FM) and rates of habituation to repeated stimulation, with suffusions of cold saline over the skin, were measured in 12 chronically catheterized fetal sheep aged 130-145 days. Stimulation of the fetuses caused a significant rise in heart rate (HR) (p less than 0.01) and blood pressure (BP) (p less than 0.001) and FM (p less than 0.01). When the ewe was given an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of ethanol which produced fetal ethanol levels of 87 +/- 1.1 mg/100 ml, the number of spontaneous FM decreased (p less than 0...
July 1990: European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/2241230/hiccups-and-breathing-in-human-fetuses
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Pillai, D James
Serial recording in 45 low risk fetuses throughout the second and third trimesters showed that hiccups were the predominant diaphragmatic movement before 26 weeks' gestational age and that there was a significant negative correlation with gestational age. There was a pronounced reduction between 24 and 26 weeks, which was the result of a decrease in the number of episodes of hiccups rather than a change in the duration of episodes. In contrast, fetal breathing was positively correlated with gestational age, the greatest increase in breathing occurring between 26 and 32 weeks' gestation...
October 1990: Archives of Disease in Childhood
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