Low Grade Thymoma Metastases

OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study is to describe characteristics and survival outcome of patients who underwent surgical treatment for distant thymoma relapse according to the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group definition(ITMIG). METHODS: Data of patients affected by thymoma recurrence from 4 different Institution were collected and retrospectively reviewed.Patients with loco-regional metastases, who underwent non-surgical therapies and with incomplete data on follow-up were excluded...

BACKGROUND: Primary cancer of the appendix is rare and often difficult to diagnose preoperatively due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms. Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is the most common cause of non-infectious encephalitis. The etiologies of AIE include tumors (paraneoplastic), infections (parainfections), or recessive infections. The tumors that have been reported to cause AIE include thymomas, ovarian teratomas, lung cancers, and breast cancers. However, there are no reports of AIE occurring after surgery for appendiceal cancer...

OBJECTIVES: Lymph node dissection (LND) and nodal metastases in thymomas remain controversial and understudied. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of nodal metastasis and the short term outcomes of systematic LND in thymomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From December 2017 to September 2020, we performed 54 LND conducted according to the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG) lymph node map. This group was compared to a historical control group of 55 patients who underwent surgery in our center from January 2015 to November 2017...

Thymomas are rare anterior mediastinal tumors that originate in the epithelial cells of the thymus and have a rare propensity to metastasize to extrathoracic locations unless it is a histologic high-grade neoplasm (type B and above). We describe a case of 50-year-old woman diagnosed with type AB thymoma and the role of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography in accurate delineation of extrathoracic metastases during initial staging.

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Thymomas are rare epithelial mediastinal tumors showing a certain propensity for local and intrathoracic recurrences. Otherwise, extrathoracic metastases are very rarely reported and are usually associated with type B thymomas or thymic carcinomas. We present a challenging patient with an invasive (Masaoka-Koga stage IIb) medullary type A thymoma with recurrent extrathoracic metastases (pulmonary and vertebral localizations occurring 2 and 7 years after the initial radical thymectomy, respectively). Despite type A thymoma being considered a low-grade malignancy with a scarce propensity to recurrence, the present case should alert clinicians to the possibility of bone metastasis...

The spectrum of spontaneous tumors in the Campbell hamsters has not been described yet. 152 Campbell hamsters (110 females and 42 males), spontaneously died by ordinary death, underwent the necropsy and the histopathological examination. Tumors were found in 50% of males and in 48% of females dead after the achievement of the first tumor development age (430 and 260 days respectively). The main type of tumors in Campbell hamsters was thymoma of B1 type which is known in human, but unusual in laboratory animals...

Thymic neuroendocrine carcinomas are the most common mediastinal neuroendocrine tumor. These malignancies are not often diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA), as they are more commonly diagnosed by biopsy or excision. We describe a case of a FNA of a paratracheal mass from a 38-year-old man who presented with Cushing syndrome. A low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma with oncocytic features was diagnosed, which was later confirmed by excision of the thymus, anterior mediastinal and paratracheal soft tissue, and lymph nodes...

AIMS: To evaluate outcomes after treatment with image-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using daily online cone beam computed tomography for malignancies metastatic to the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven lung metastases in 32 patients were treated with volumetrically guided SBRT. The median age was 62 years (21-87). Primaries included colorectal (n = 10), sarcoma (n = 4), head and neck (n = 4), melanoma (n = 3), bladder (n = 2), non-small cell lung cancer (n = 2), renal cell (n = 2), thymoma (n = 2), thyroid (n = 1), endometrial (n = 1) and oesophageal (n = 1)...

Carcinoma of possible thymic epithelial origin may occur within the thyroid gland, which was first reported by Miyauchi et al. as intrathyroid epithelial thymoma (ITET). ITET is a rare tumor comprising about 0.08% of all primary thyroid malignancies. It is a low-grade thyroid carcinoma with squamous cell differentiation whose overall survival rate was found to be 71%. Lymph node metastasis at surgery was found in 40% and hematogenous metastases developed in bones, liver and lungs. This tumor grows within the thyroid gland and invades into the thyroid parenchyma as well as into the extrathyroid structures...

A group of biphasic low-grade thymic epithelial tumors is presented that we suggest calling low-grade metaplastic carcinoma of the thymus [37]. Four of the patients were men, their age ranging from 44 to 71 years. Three tumors invaded mediastinal fat or pleura. No metastases were present. Histologically, the tumors showed a biphasic pattern with solid carcinomatous areas merging with a spindle cell component. Only few lymphocytes were present. Cytological atypia and mitotic activity were variable in the solid areas, but low in the spindle cell component...

AIMS: Five cases of a characteristic low-grade thymic epithelial tumour are described that we suggest calling metaplastic carcinoma of the thymus. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients' ages ranged from 44 to 71 (mean 56.2) years. Four of the patients were male. Three of five tumours showed invasion into mediastinal fat or pleura but, otherwise, all were well circumscribed. No metastases were present. Histologically, the tumours showed a biphasic pattern with solid carcinomatous areas merging gradually with a spindle cell component...

Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation (SETTLE) is a rare, apparently low-grade spindle cell tumor of the thyroid gland occurring in young individuals and thought to be derived from thymic or branchial pouch remnants. Spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation has little to no mitotic activity, and focal necrosis has been reported in one case. We present a case of SETTLE in a 29-year-old man that was initially evaluated by fine-needle aspirate biopsy and ultimately found to be consistent histologically with SETTLE...

Intrathyroidal thymoma is a rare tumor that occurs in the thyroid gland and has been reported as a low-grade malignant tumor. The present report describes a 59-year-old male patient with this tumor, who was treated with subtotal thyroidectomy followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The tumor was located in the lower pole of the left lobe and the isthmus of the thyroid, and it had invaded the thyroid parenchyma, thyroid capsule, adjacent connective tissue, and neck muscles. Continuity between the cervical thymus and the tumor was noted...