Åke Lernmark, Beena Akolkar, William Hagopian, Jeffrey Krischer, Richard McIndoe, Marian Rewers, Jorma Toppari, Kendra Vehik, Anette-G Ziegler
The etiology of type 1 diabetes foreshadows the pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmune pathogenesis that heralds the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. Standardized and harmonized tests of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and ZnT8 transporter (ZnT8A) allowed children to be followed from birth until the appearance of a first islet autoantibody. In the Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, a multicenter (Finland, Germany, Sweden and the US) observational study, children were identified at birth for the type 1 diabetes high risk HLA haplogenotypes DQ2/DQ8, DQ2/DQ2, DQ8/DQ8 and DQ4/DQ8...
May 4, 2023: Journal of Internal Medicine