keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37259810/spontaneous-and-multifaceted-atp-release-from-astrocytes-at-the-scale-of-hundreds-of-synapses
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshiki Hatashita, Zhaofa Wu, Hirotaka Fujita, Takuma Kumamoto, Jean Livet, Yulong Li, Manabu Tanifuji, Takafumi Inoue
Astrocytes participate in information processing by releasing neuroactive substances termed gliotransmitters, including ATP. Individual astrocytes come into contact with thousands of synapses with their ramified structure, but the spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP gliotransmission remains unclear, especially in physiological brain tissue. Using a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor, GRABATP1.0 , we discovered that extracellular ATP increased locally and transiently in absence of stimuli in neuron-glia co-cultures, cortical slices, and the anesthetized mouse brain...
September 2023: Glia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37202300/neuronal-and-astrocyte-determinants-of-critical-periods-of-plasticity
#22
REVIEW
Yuniesky Andrade-Talavera, Mikel Pérez-Rodríguez, José Prius-Mengual, Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
Windows of plasticity allow environmental experiences to produce intense activity-dependent changes during postnatal development. The reordering and refinement of neural connections occurs during these periods, significantly influencing the formation of brain circuits and physiological processes in adults. Recent advances have shed light on factors that determine the onset and duration of sensitive and critical periods of plasticity. Although GABAergic inhibition has classically been implicated in closing windows of plasticity, astrocytes and adenosinergic inhibition have also emerged more recently as key determinants of the duration of these periods of plasticity...
May 16, 2023: Trends in Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37108295/advances-in-the-electrophysiological-recordings-of-long-term-potentiation
#23
REVIEW
Feixu Jiang, Stephen Temitayo Bello, Qianqian Gao, Yuanying Lai, Xiao Li, Ling He
Understanding neuronal firing patterns and long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in studying learning, memory, and neurological diseases is critical. However, recently, despite the rapid advancement in neuroscience, we are still constrained by the experimental design, detection tools for exploring the mechanisms and pathways involved in LTP induction, and detection ability of neuronal action potentiation signals. This review will reiterate LTP-related electrophysiological recordings in the mammalian brain for nearly 50 years and explain how excitatory and inhibitory neural LTP results have been detected and described by field- and single-cell potentials, respectively...
April 12, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37108148/a-review-of-research-on-the-association-between-neuron-astrocyte-signaling-processes-and-depressive-symptoms
#24
REVIEW
Jiao Yao, Cong Chen, Yi Guo, Yantao Yang, Xinya Liu, Shifeng Chu, Qidi Ai, Zhao Zhang, Meiyu Lin, Songwei Yang, Naihong Chen
Depression is a mental illness that has a serious negative impact on physical and mental health. The pathophysiology of depression is still unknown, and therapeutic medications have drawbacks, such as poor effectiveness, strong dependence, adverse drug withdrawal symptoms, and harmful side effects. Therefore, the primary purpose of contemporary research is to understand the exact pathophysiology of depression. The connection between astrocytes, neurons, and their interactions with depression has recently become the focus of great research interest...
April 10, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37083838/correction-to-dysregulation-of-astrocytic-ca-2-signaling-and-gliotransmitter-release-in-mouse-models-of-%C3%AE-synucleinopathies
#25
Carmen Nanclares, Jonah Poynter, Hector A Martell-Martinez, Scott Vermilyea, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji, Michael K Lee, Ana Covelo
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 21, 2023: Acta Neuropathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37049464/a-candidate-gliotransmitter-l-%C3%AE-aminoisobutyrate-contributes-to-weight-gain-and-metabolic-complication-induced-by-atypical-antipsychotics
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kouji Fukuyama, Eishi Motomura, Motohiro Okada
Lurasidone and quetiapine are effective atypical mood-stabilizing antipsychotics, but lurasidone and quetiapine are listed as lower-risk and high-risk for weight gain/metabolic complications, respectively. The pathophysiology of the discrepancy of metabolic adverse reactions between these antipsychotics remains to be clarified. The GABA isomer, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) enantiomer, was recently re-discovered as myokine via an AMP-activated protein kinase activator (AMPK) enhancer and inhibitory gliotransmitter...
March 27, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37047602/gut-microbiota-metabolites-differentially-release-gliotransmitters-from-the-cultured-human-astrocytes-a-preliminary-report
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michał Seweryn Karbownik, Paulina Sokołowska, Edward Kowalczyk
Butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid represent the CNS-available gut microbiota metabolites exhibiting potentially beneficial effects on human brain function and being tested as antidepressants. Astrocytes represent one of the putative targets for the gut metabolites; however, the mechanism of action of butyrate and indole-3-propionic acid is not well understood. In order to test this mechanism, a human astrocyte cell-line culture was treated with the compounds or without them, and the supernatants were collected for the analysis of ATP and glutamate gliotransmitter release with the use of luminescent and fluorescent methods, respectively...
April 1, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37028426/gliotransmission-and-adenosine-signaling-promote-axon-regeneration
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fei Wang, Kendra Takle Ruppell, Songlin Zhou, Yun Qu, Jiaxin Gong, Ye Shang, Jinglin Wu, Xin Liu, Wenlin Diao, Yi Li, Yang Xiang
How glia control axon regeneration remains incompletely understood. Here, we investigate glial regulation of regenerative ability differences of closely related Drosophila larval sensory neuron subtypes. Axotomy elicits Ca2+ signals in ensheathing glia, which activates regenerative neurons through the gliotransmitter adenosine and mounts axon regenerative programs. However, non-regenerative neurons do not respond to glial stimulation or adenosine. Such neuronal subtype-specific responses result from specific expressions of adenosine receptors in regenerative neurons...
April 24, 2023: Developmental Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36979440/gap-junctions-and-connexins-in-microglia-related-oxidative-stress-and-neuroinflammation-perspectives-for-drug-discovery
#29
REVIEW
Giuseppe Caruso, Lucia Di Pietro, Filippo Caraci
Microglia represent the immune system of the brain. Their role is central in two phenomena, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, which are at the roots of different pathologies related to the central nervous system (CNS). In order to maintain the homeostasis of the brain and re-establish the equilibrium after a threatening imbalance, microglia communicate with each other and other cells within the CNS by receiving specific signals through membrane-bound receptors and then releasing neurotrophic factors into either the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytoplasm of nearby cells, such as astrocytes and neurons...
March 9, 2023: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36949142/rescue-of-astrocyte-activity-by-the-calcium-sensor-stim1-restores-long-term-synaptic-plasticity-in-female-mice-modelling-alzheimer-s-disease
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annamaria Lia, Gabriele Sansevero, Angela Chiavegato, Miriana Sbrissa, Diana Pendin, Letizia Mariotti, Tullio Pozzan, Nicoletta Berardi, Giorgio Carmignoto, Cristina Fasolato, Micaela Zonta
Calcium dynamics in astrocytes represent a fundamental signal that through gliotransmitter release regulates synaptic plasticity and behaviour. Here we present a longitudinal study in the PS2APP mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) linking astrocyte Ca2+ hypoactivity to memory loss. At the onset of plaque deposition, somatosensory cortical astrocytes of AD female mice exhibit a drastic reduction of Ca2+ signaling, closely associated with decreased endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentration and reduced expression of the Ca2+ sensor STIM1...
March 22, 2023: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36937570/calcium-signaling-in-astrocytes-and-gliotransmitter-release
#31
REVIEW
Julianna Goenaga, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji, Daniela Herrera Moro Chao
Glia are as numerous in the brain as neurons and widely known to serve supportive roles such as structural scaffolding, extracellular ionic and neurotransmitter homeostasis, and metabolic support. However, over the past two decades, several lines of evidence indicate that astrocytes, which are a type of glia, play active roles in neural information processing. Astrocytes, although not electrically active, can exhibit a form of excitability by dynamic changes in intracellular calcium levels. They sense synaptic activity and release neuroactive substances, named gliotransmitters, that modulate neuronal activity and synaptic transmission in several brain areas, thus impacting animal behavior...
2023: Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36935005/receptor-receptor-interactions-and-microvesicle-exchange-as-mechanisms-modulating-signaling-between-neurons-and-astrocytes
#32
REVIEW
Diego Guidolin, Cinzia Tortorella, Manuela Marcoli, Chiara Cervetto, Guido Maura, Luigi F Agnati
It is well known that astrocytes play a significant metabolic role in the nervous tissue, maintaining the homeostasis of the extracellular space and of the blood-brain barrier, and providing trophic support to neurons. In addition, however, evidence exists indicating astrocytes as important elements for brain activity through signaling exchange with neurons. Astrocytes, indeed, can sense synaptic activity and their molecular machinery responds to neurotransmitters released by neurons with cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevations that, in turn, stimulate the release of neuroactive substances (gliotransmitters) influencing nearby neurons...
March 17, 2023: Neuropharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36866512/properties-of-rem-sleep-alterations-with-epilepsy
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoko Ikoma, Yusuke Takahashi, Daichi Sasaki, Ko Matsui
It is usually assumed that individuals rest during sleep. However, coordinated neural activity that presumably requires high energy consumption is increased during REM sleep. Here, using freely moving male transgenic mice, the local brain environment and astrocyte activity during REM sleep were examined using the fibre photometry method with an optical fibre inserted deep into the lateral hypothalamus, a region that is linked with controlling sleep and metabolic state of the entire brain. Optical fluctuations of endogenous autofluorescence of the brain parenchyma or fluorescence of sensors for Ca2+ or pH expressed in astrocytes were examined...
June 1, 2023: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36764943/dysregulation-of-astrocytic-ca-2-signaling-and-gliotransmitter-release-in-mouse-models-of-%C3%AE-synucleinopathies
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carmen Nanclares, Jonah Poynter, Hector A Martell-Martinez, Scott Vermilyea, Alfonso Araque, Paulo Kofuji, Michael K Lee, Ana Covelo
α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN) appearing in the postmortem brain of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other α-synucleinopathies. While most studies of α-synucleinopathies have focused on neuronal and synaptic alterations as well as dysfunctions of the astrocytic homeostatic roles, whether the bidirectional astrocyte-neuronal communication is affected in these diseases remains unknown. We have investigated whether the astrocyte Ca2+ excitability and the glutamatergic gliotransmission underlying astrocyte-neuronal signaling are altered in several transgenic mouse models related to α-synucleinopathies, i...
February 10, 2023: Acta Neuropathologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36696965/brainstem-astrocytes-control-homeostatic-regulation-of-caloric-intake
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Courtney Clyburn, Kaitlin E Carson, Caleb R Smith, R Alberto Travagli, Kirsteen N Browning
Prolonged high-fat diet (HFD) exposure is associated with hyperphagia, excess caloric intake and weight gain. After initial exposure to a HFD, a brief (24-48 h) period of hyperphagia is followed by the regulation of caloric intake and restoration of energy balance within an acute (3-5 day) period. Previous studies have demonstrated this occurs via a vagally mediated signalling cascade that increases glutamatergic transmission via activation of NMDA receptors located on gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV)...
January 25, 2023: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36552177/role-for-astrocytes-in-mglur-dependent-ltd-in-the-neocortex-and-hippocampus
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ulyana Lalo, Yuriy Pankratov
Astroglia are an active element of brain plasticity, capable to release small molecule gliotransmitters by various mechanisms and regulate synaptic strength. While importance of glia-neuron communications for long-term potentiation has been rather widely reported, research into role for astrocytes in long-depression (LTD) is just gaining momentum. Here, we explored the role for astrocytes in the prominent form of synaptic plasticity-mGluR-dependent LTD. We found out the substantial contribution of the Group I receptors, especially mGluR1 subtype, into Ca2+ -signaling in hippocampal and neocortical astrocytes, which can be activated during synaptic stimulation used for LTD induction...
December 15, 2022: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36470499/the-complex-role-of-inflammation-and-gliotransmitters-in-parkinson-s-disease
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adithya Gopinath, Phillip M Mackie, Leah T Phan, Malú Gámez Tansey, Habibeh Khoshbouei
Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy. Inflammation and immunological dysfunction are common components of Parkinson's disease (PD), both in terms of motor and non-motor components of PD. In recent decades, the antiquated notion that the central nervous system (CNS) in disease states is an immune-privileged organ, has been debunked. The immune landscape in the CNS influences peripheral systems, and peripheral immunological changes can alter the CNS in health and disease...
December 2, 2022: Neurobiology of Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36442969/far-from-home-the-role-of-glial-mrna-localization-in-synaptic-plasticity
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dalia Sara Gala, Josh S Titlow, Rita O Teodoro, Ilan Davis
Neurons and glia are highly polarized cells, whose distal cytoplasmic functional subdomains require specific proteins. Neurons have axonal and dendritic cytoplasmic extensions containing synapses requiring mRNA transport and localized translation to regulate synaptic plasticity efficiently. The principles behind these mechanisms are equally attractive for explaining rapid local regulation of distal glial cytoplasmic projections, independent of their cell nucleus. However, in contrast to neurons, this topic has received little experimental attention in glia...
November 28, 2022: RNA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36423658/local-brain-environment-changes-associated-with-epileptogenesis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoko Ikoma, Daichi Sasaki, Ko Matsui
Plastic change of the neuronal system has traditionally been assumed to be governed primarily by the long-term potentiation/depression mechanisms of synaptic transmission. However, a rather simple shift in the ambient ion, transmitter and metabolite concentrations could have a pivotal role in generating plasticity upon the physiological process of learning and memory. Local brain environment and metabolic changes could also be the cause and consequences of the pathogenesis leading to epilepsy. Governing of the local brain environment is the primal function of astrocytes...
November 25, 2022: Brain
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36408881/endocannabinoid-signaling-in-synaptic-function
#40
REVIEW
Jose Antonio Noriega-Prieto, Paulo Kofuji, Alfonso Araque
In the last decades, astrocytes have emerged as important regulatory cells actively involved in brain function by exchanging signaling with neurons. The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling is widely present in many brain areas, being crucially involved in multiple brain functions and animal behaviors. The present review presents and discusses current evidence demonstrating that astrocytes sense eCBs released during neuronal activity and subsequently release gliotransmitters that regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity...
January 2023: Glia
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