keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536901/a-fictional-history-of-robotics-features-forgotten-real-world-robots
#1
REVIEW
Robin R Murphy
The science-fiction movie The Creator uses six real-world robots from the 1950s and 1960s to show progress in AI.
March 27, 2024: Science Robotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536577/can-artificial-intelligence-detect-type-2-diabetes-in-women-by-evaluating-the-pectoral-muscle-on-tomosynthesis-diagnostic-study
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meltem M Yashar, Ilayda Begum Izci, Fatma Zeynep Gungoren, Abdulkadir A Eren, Ali A Mert, Irmak I Durur-Subasi
OBJECTIVES: This retrospective single-center analysis aimed to evaluate whether artificial intelligence can detect type 2 diabetes mellitus by evaluating the pectoral muscle on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). MATERIAL METHOD: An analysis of 11,594 DBT images of 287 consecutive female patients (mean age 60, range 40-77 years) was conducted using convolutional neural networks (EfficientNetB5). The inclusion criterion was left-sided screening images with unsuspicious interpretation who also had a current glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) % value...
March 27, 2024: Insights Into Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536565/ai-assisted-automatic-mri-based-tongue-volume-evaluation-in-motor-neuron-disease-mnd
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ina Vernikouskaya, Hans-Peter Müller, Albert C Ludolph, Jan Kassubek, Volker Rasche
PURPOSE: Motor neuron disease (MND) causes damage to the upper and lower motor neurons including the motor cranial nerves, the latter resulting in bulbar involvement with atrophy of the tongue muscle. To measure tongue atrophy, an operator independent automatic segmentation of the tongue is crucial. The aim of this study was to apply convolutional neural network (CNN) to MRI data in order to determine the volume of the tongue. METHODS: A single triplanar CNN of U-Net architecture trained on axial, coronal, and sagittal planes was used for the segmentation of the tongue in MRI scans of the head...
March 27, 2024: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535992/native-mass-spectrometry-dissects-the-structural-dynamics-of-an-allosteric-heterodimer-of-sars-cov-2-nonstructural-proteins
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie M Thibert, Deseree J Reid, Jesse W Wilson, Rohith Varikoti, Natalia Maltseva, Katherine J Schultz, Agustin Kruel, Gyorgy Babnigg, Andrzej Joachimiak, Neeraj Kumar, Mowei Zhou
Structure-based drug design, which relies on precise understanding of the target protein and its interaction with the drug candidate, is dramatically expedited by advances in computational methods for candidate prediction. Yet, the accuracy needs to be improved with more structural data from high throughput experiments, which are challenging to generate, especially for dynamic and weak associations. Herein, we applied native mass spectrometry (native MS) to rapidly characterize ligand binding of an allosteric heterodimeric complex of SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins (nsp) nsp10 and nsp16 (nsp10/16), a complex essential for virus survival in the host and thus a desirable drug target...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535584/-it-s-only-a-model-when-protein-structure-predictions-need-experimental-validation-the-case-of-the-htlv-1-tax-protein
#5
REVIEW
Christophe Guillon, Xavier Robert, Patrice Gouet
Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus responsible for leukaemia in 5 to 10% of infected individuals. Among the viral proteins, Tax has been described as directly involved in virus-induced leukemogenesis. Tax is therefore an interesting therapeutic target. However, its 3D structure is still unknown and this hampers the development of drug-design-based therapeutic strategies. Several algorithms are available that can be used to predict the structure of proteins, particularly with the recent appearance of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven pipelines...
March 8, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535503/medical-expectations-of-physicians-on-ai-solutions-in-daily-practice-cross-sectional-survey-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mara Giavina-Bianchi, Edson Amaro, Birajara Soares Machado
BACKGROUND: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has been a trending subject in the past few years. Although not frequently used in daily practice yet, it brings along many expectations, doubts, and fears for physicians. Surveys can be used to help understand this situation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the degree of knowledge, expectations, and fears on possible AI use by physicians in daily practice, according to sex and time since graduation...
March 25, 2024: JMIRx med
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535479/maximizing-polysaccharides-and-phycoerythrin-in-porphyridium-purpureum-via-the-addition-of-exogenous-compounds-a-response-surface-methodology-approach
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjiong Yi, Ai-Hua Zhang, Jianke Huang, Ting Yao, Bo Feng, Xinghu Zhou, Yadong Hu, Mingxuan Pan
Phycoerythrin and polysaccharides have significant commercial value in medicine, cosmetics, and food industries due to their excellent bioactive functions. To maximize the production of biomass, phycoerythrin, and polysaccharides in Porphyridium purpureum , culture media were supplemented with calcium gluconate (CG), magnesium gluconate (MG) and polypeptides (BT), and their optimal amounts were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on three single-factor experiments. The optimal concentrations of CG, MG, and BT were determined to be 4, 12, and 2 g L-1 , respectively...
March 21, 2024: Marine Drugs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535160/a-comparative-study-of-item-response-theory-models-for-mixed-discrete-continuous-responses
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cengiz Zopluoglu, J R Lockwood
Language proficiency assessments are pivotal in educational and professional decision-making. With the integration of AI-driven technologies, these assessments can more frequently use item types, such as dictation tasks, producing response features with a mixture of discrete and continuous distributions. This study evaluates novel measurement models tailored to these unique response features. Specifically, we evaluated the performance of the zero-and-one-inflated extensions of the Beta, Simplex, and Samejima's Continuous item response models and incorporated collateral information into the estimation using latent regression...
February 25, 2024: Journal of Intelligence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535152/analyzing-data-modalities-for-cattle-weight-estimation-using-deep-learning-models
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hina Afridi, Mohib Ullah, Øyvind Nordbø, Solvei Cottis Hoff, Siri Furre, Anne Guro Larsgard, Faouzi Alaya Cheikh
We investigate the impact of different data modalities for cattle weight estimation. For this purpose, we collect and present our own cattle dataset representing the data modalities: RGB, depth, combined RGB and depth, segmentation, and combined segmentation and depth information. We explore a recent vision-transformer-based zero-shot model proposed by Meta AI Research for producing the segmentation data modality and for extracting the cattle-only region from the images. For experimental analysis, we consider three baseline deep learning models...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535032/impact-of-ai-based-post-processing-on-image-quality-of-non-contrast-computed-tomography-of-the-chest-and-abdomen
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marcel A Drews, Aydin Demircioğlu, Julia Neuhoff, Johannes Haubold, Sebastian Zensen, Marcel K Opitz, Michael Forsting, Kai Nassenstein, Denise Bos
Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) is commonly used for the evaluation of various pathologies including pulmonary infections or urolithiasis but, especially in low-dose protocols, image quality is reduced. To improve this, deep learning-based post-processing approaches are being developed. Therefore, we aimed to compare the objective and subjective image quality of different reconstruction techniques and a deep learning-based software on non-contrast chest and low-dose abdominal CTs. In this retrospective study, non-contrast chest CTs of patients suspected of COVID-19 pneumonia and low-dose abdominal CTs suspected of urolithiasis were analysed...
March 13, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534937/the-rethinking-clinical-trials-program-retreat-2023-creating-partnerships-to-optimize-quality-cancer-care
#11
Ana-Alicia Beltran-Bless, Mark Clemons, Lisa Vandermeer, Khaled El Emam, Terry L Ng, Sharon McGee, Arif Ali Awan, Gregory Pond, Julie Renaud, Gwen Barton, Brian Hutton, Marie-France Savard
Patients, families, healthcare providers and funders face multiple comparable treatment options without knowing which provides the best quality of care. As a step towards improving this, the REthinking Clinical Trials (REaCT) pragmatic trials program started in 2014 to break down many of the traditional barriers to performing clinical trials. However, until other innovative methodologies become widely used, the impact of this program will remain limited. These innovations include the incorporation of near equivalence analyses and the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical trial design...
March 6, 2024: Current Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534847/application-of-machine-learning-in-the-quantitative-analysis-of-the-surface-characteristics-of-highly-abundant-cytoplasmic-proteins-toward-ai-based-biomimetics
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jooa Moon, Guanghao Hu, Tomohiro Hayashi
Proteins in the crowded environment of human cells have often been studied regarding nonspecific interactions, misfolding, and aggregation, which may cause cellular malfunction and disease. Specifically, proteins with high abundance are more susceptible to these issues due to the law of mass action. Therefore, the surfaces of highly abundant cytoplasmic (HAC) proteins directly exposed to the environment can exhibit specific physicochemical, structural, and geometrical characteristics that reduce nonspecific interactions and adapt to the environment...
March 6, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534839/use-of-biomaterials-in-3d-printing-as-a-solution-to-microbial-infections-in-arthroplasty-and-osseous-reconstruction
#13
REVIEW
Argyrios Periferakis, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Lamprini Troumpata, Serban Dragosloveanu, Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc, Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Konstantinos Periferakis, Ana Caruntu, Ioana Anca Badarau, Cristian Scheau, Constantin Caruntu
The incidence of microbial infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgeries is a perennial problem that increases morbidity and mortality, representing one of the major complications of such medical interventions. The emergence of novel technologies, especially 3D printing, represents a promising avenue of development for reducing the risk of such eventualities. There are already a host of biomaterials, suitable for 3D printing, that are being tested for antimicrobial properties when they are coated with bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, or combined with hydrogels with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as chitosan and metal nanoparticles, among others...
March 1, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534614/hydrogels-for-cardio-and-vascular-tissue-repair-and-regeneration
#14
REVIEW
Ilenia Motta, Michelina Soccio, Giulia Guidotti, Nadia Lotti, Gianandrea Pasquinelli
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally, affects the heart and arteries with a variety of clinical manifestations, the most dramatic of which are myocardial infarction (MI), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and intracranial aneurysm (IA) rupture. In MI, necrosis of the myocardium, scar formation, and loss of cardiomyocytes result from insufficient blood supply due to coronary artery occlusion. Beyond stenosis, the arteries that are structurally and functionally connected to the cardiac tissue can undergo pathological dilation, i...
March 13, 2024: Gels
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534547/development-of-the-ai-pipeline-for-corneal-opacity-detection
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenji Yoshitsugu, Eisuke Shimizu, Hiroki Nishimura, Rohan Khemlani, Shintaro Nakayama, Tadamasa Takemura
Ophthalmological services face global inadequacies, especially in low- and middle-income countries, which are marked by a shortage of practitioners and equipment. This study employed a portable slit lamp microscope with video capabilities and cloud storage for more equitable global diagnostic resource distribution. To enhance accessibility and quality of care, this study targets corneal opacity, which is a global cause of blindness. This study has two purposes. The first is to detect corneal opacity from videos in which the anterior segment of the eye is captured...
March 12, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534488/towards-automation-in-radiotherapy-planning-a-deep-learning-approach-for-the-delineation-of-parotid-glands-in-head-and-neck-cancer
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ioannis Kakkos, Theodoros P Vagenas, Anna Zygogianni, George K Matsopoulos
The delineation of parotid glands in head and neck (HN) carcinoma is critical to assess radiotherapy (RT) planning. Segmentation processes ensure precise target position and treatment precision, facilitate monitoring of anatomical changes, enable plan adaptation, and enhance overall patient safety. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) have proven exceedingly effective in precisely outlining tumor tissues and, by extension, the organs at risk. This paper introduces a DL framework using the AttentionUNet neural network for automatic parotid gland segmentation in HN cancer...
February 24, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534456/how-mitochondrial-signaling-games-may-shape-and-stabilize-the-nuclear-mitochondrial-symbiosis
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Will Casey, Thiviya Kumaran, Steven E Massey, Bud Mishra
The eukaryotic lineage has enjoyed a long-term "stable" mutualism between nucleus and mitochondrion, since mitochondrial endosymbiosis began about 2 billion years ago. This mostly cooperative interaction has provided the basis for eukaryotic expansion and diversification, which has profoundly altered the forms of life on Earth. While we ignore the exact biochemical details of how the alpha-proteobacterial ancestor of mitochondria entered into endosymbiosis with a proto-eukaryote, in more general terms, we present a signaling games perspective of how the cooperative relationship became established, and has been maintained...
March 15, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534222/real-time-on-site-monitoring-of-viruses-in-wastewater-using-nanotrap-%C3%A2-particles-and-ricca-technologies
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vishnu Sharma, Hitomi Takamura, Manish Biyani, Ryo Honda
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an effective and efficient tool for the early detection of infectious disease outbreaks in a community. However, currently available methods are laborious, costly, and time-consuming due to the low concentration of viruses and the presence of matrix chemicals in wastewater that may interfere with molecular analyses. In the present study, we designed a highly sensitive "Quick Poop (wastewater with fecal waste) Sensor" (termed, QPsor) using a joint approach of Nanotrap microbiome particles and RICCA (RNA Isothermal Co-Assisted and Coupled Amplification)...
February 21, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533919/accurate-robust-and-scalable-machine-abstraction-of-mayo-endoscopic-subscores-from-colonoscopy-reports
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna L Silverman, Balu Bhasuran, Arman Mosenia, Fatema Yasini, Gokul Ramasamy, Imon Banerjee, Saransh Gupta, Taline Mardirossian, Rohan Narain, Justin Sewell, Atul J Butte, Vivek A Rudrapatna
BACKGROUND: The Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES) is an important quantitative measure of disease activity in ulcerative colitis. Colonoscopy reports in routine clinical care usually characterize ulcerative colitis disease activity using free text description, limiting their utility for clinical research and quality improvement. We sought to develop algorithms to classify colonoscopy reports according to their MES. METHODS: We annotated 500 colonoscopy reports from 2 health systems...
March 26, 2024: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533757/strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and-threats-of-using-ai-enabled-technology-in-sleep-medicine-a-commentary
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anuja Bandyopadhyay, Margarita Oks, Haoqi Sun, Bharati Prasad, Sam Rusk, Felicia Jefferson, Roneil Gopal Malkani, Shahab Haghayegh, Ramesh Sachdeva, Dennis Hwang, Jon Agustsson, Emmanuel Mignot, Michael Summers, Daniel Fabbri, Maryann Deak, Matthew Anastasi, Andrew Sampson, Steve Van Hout, Azizi Seixas
Over the past few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool used to efficiently automate several tasks across multiple domains. Sleep medicine is perfectly positioned to leverage this tool due to the wealth of physiological signals obtained through sleep studies or sleep tracking devices and abundance of accessible clinical data through electronic medical records. However, caution must be applied when utilizing AI, due to intrinsic challenges associated with novel technology. The Artificial Intelligence in Sleep Medicine committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) reviews advancements in AI within the sleep medicine field...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine: JCSM: Official Publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine
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