3-alpha-diol

INTRODUCTION: Hyperandrogenism is a clinical state consequent to excess androgen production by the ovary, adrenals, or increased peripheral conversion of androgens. The varied manifestations of hyperandrogenism include seborrhea, acne, infertility, hirsutism, or overt virilization of which adult female acne, hirsutism, and female pattern hair loss are of clinical relevance to dermatologists. AREAS COVERED: We limited our narrative review to literature published during period from 1 January 1985 to Dec 2022 and searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Embase databases with main search keywords were 'Hyperandrogenism,' 'Female,' 'Biochemical,' 'Dermatological', and 'Dermatology...

BACKGROUND: Acne in adult women is a frequent hard-to-manage disease with many relapse cases. It mostly interferes with the quality of life of patients, bringing them major metabolic and social losses. As androgenic hormones play a very important role in the acne pathogenesis, the early diagnosis of hyperandrogenic states is very useful for the proper evaluation of each patient and for a better choice of therapeutic management. Defining a pattern for laboratory profile analysis is important for the control of relapses of acne breakouts in adult women, which lately has been the aim of many published studies...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of body size-captured via whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and physical measurement-with serum sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), we utilized cross-sectional data and serum samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 1999-2004). METHODS: Testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide (3-alpha-diol-G), estradiol, and SHBG were measured via immunoassay in serum samples from a total of 898 adult men (ages 20-90) participating in the morning examination...

Androgen levels decline with aging. Some androgens may exert anti-anxiety and cognitive-enhancing effects; however, determining which androgens have anxiolytic-like and/or mnemonic effects is of interest given the different mechanisms that may underlie some of their effects. For example, the 5 alpha-reduced metabolite of testosterone (T), dihydrotesterone, can be further converted to 5 alpha-androstane,17beta-diol-3 alpha-diol (3 alpha-diol) and 5 alpha-androstane,17beta-diol-3beta-diol (3beta-diol), both of which bind with high affinity to the beta isomer of the intracellular estrogen receptor beta (ER beta)...

Androgen levels decline with aging. Some androgens may exert anti-anxiety and cognitive-enhancing effects; however, determining which androgens have anxiolytic-like and/or mnemonic effects is of interest given the different mechanisms that may underlie some of their effects. For example, the 5 alpha-reduced metabolite of testosterone (T), dihydrotesterone, can be further converted to 5 alpha-androstane,17beta-diol-3 alpha-diol (3 alpha-diol) and 5 alpha-androstane,17beta-diol-3beta-diol (3beta-diol), both of which bind with high affinity to the beta isomer of the intracellular estrogen receptor beta (ER beta)...

INTRODUCTION: Sexual dysfunction after breast cancer has been attributed to a variety of treatment associated and psychological factors. Data on the role of a treatment-induced decrease of testosterone for the development of sexual problems in breast cancer survivors have remained inconclusive. However, androgen metabolites constitute a more reliable measure for total androgen activity. AIM: To measure levels of total androgen activity in breast cancer patients and to investigate relevant predictors of sexual dysfunction after breast cancer...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mifepristone (RU-486) in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), with a correlative assessment of serum androgens and androgen metabolites PATIENTS AND METHODS: The androgen receptor (AR) is critical in the development and progression of prostate cancer, but available antiandrogens incompletely abrogate AR signalling. Mifepristone is a potent AR antagonist that functions by competing with androgen, preventing AR coactivator binding and by enhancing binding of AR corepressors...

Of the many people that have epilepsy, only about 70% achieve seizure control with traditional pharmacotherapies. Steroids have long been known to influence ictal activity and may have a therapeutic role. This review summarizes recent investigations that have enhanced knowledge of the effects and mechanisms of gonadal, adrenal, and neuroactive steroids on seizure processes. Progesterone, which varies across reproductive cycles, pregnancy, and as a function of aging, has been shown to have anti-seizure effects among women with epilepsy and in animal models of epilepsy...

X-Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder associated with the abnormal accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma and tissues. We have demonstrated that the androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) have favorable effect on VLCFA metabolism. We have investigated the effect of androgens on peroxisomal beta-oxidation, the incorporation of labelled lignoceric acid into cholesterol esters and VLCFA elongation, in cultured skin-fibroblasts from control and X-ALD patients...

BACKGROUND: As androgens play an essential role in prostate cancer, we sought to develop a real-time PCR to characterize mRNA expression profiles of human members of the Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR) 1C gene family, as well as of 5 alpha-steroid reductase Type II (SRD5A2) in prostate cancer samples. Functional activity and regulation of AKR1C2, a 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type III, was also assessed in prostate cancer cell lines. METHODS: Gene specific PCR primers were established and relative gene expression of human AKR1C family members was determined in paired samples of cancerous and surrounding unaffected prostate tissue...

Steroid hormone-induced variations in spatial learning and memory tasks have been reported. In this study, androgens' effects in various cognitive and affective tasks were investigated in order to determine whether any observed differences in cognitive performance could be due to affective changes produced by the hormones. Ovariectomized rats (N = 72) received 0.0, 3.0, or 7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously, of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-Diol) suspended in 10% ethanol/sesame oil v/v...

The female rats at a prepubertal period were introduced to the restored 5 alpha-androgens, namely: 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) or 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) in the dose of 5 mg/100 g. Both DHT and 3 alpha-diol have been determined to induce the vaginal opening as the initial stage of puberty. Stimulation of the puberty in those rats was followed with an activation of both endocrine and generative functions of the ovaries...

Testosterone (T) and pregnane neurosteroids can enhance conditioned place preference (CPP). The present experiment examined CPP produced by T and its androgenic metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 3alpha-Androstanediol (3alpha-diol; an androstane neurosteroid). Administration of 3alpha-diol (>DHT>T) to intact male Long-Evans rats, 1.0 mg daily for six days, 30 min prior to exposure to the non-preferred side of the CPP chamber significantly increased preference for the non-preferred side of the chamber compared to that seen in home cage controls...

Familial correlation analyses were used to evaluate the familial aggregation of plasma androgens and androgen glucuronides (testosterone (TESTO), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol glucuronide (3 alpha-DIOL-G), and androsterone glucuronide (ADT-G)) in 505 members of 99 white families and 296 members of 111 black families participating in the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. Each of these four measures was determined by RIA after separation of conjugated and unconjugated steroid using C18 column chromatography...

BACKGROUND: The canine prostate has often been proposed as a model for abnormal growth of the human gland. Hyperplasia of the prostate is common in aging men and has been estimated to be present in 100% of old intact dogs. While prostatic carcinoma is common in older men it appears to be rare in dogs and unlike the disease in humans it occurs with relatively high frequency in castrated animals. Since basal cells are thought to be key participants in normal and abnormal growth of the human gland, we used immunohistochemistry to investigate the role that they may play in canine prostatic development, the evolution of hyperplasia and carcinoma, and the effects of sex hormones on these cells...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an androgen-dependent disease; it originates exclusively in the inner prostate, which includes tissue surrounding the urethra. Stromal-epithelial interaction has a pivotal role in the regulation of the development and growth of the prostate, and locally produced peptide growth factors are considered important mediators of this interaction. Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II, acting mainly through type 1 IGF receptor (IGFR1), have mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects on epithelial and stromal prostatic cells...

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3 alpha-HSDs) catalyze the conversion of 3-ketosteroids to 3 alpha-hydroxy compounds. The best known 3 alpha-HSD activity is the transformation of the most potent natural androgen, dihydrotestosterone, into 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), a compound having much lower activity. Previous reports show that 3 alpha-HSDs are involved in the metabolism of glucocorticoids, progestins, prostaglandins, bile acid precursors, and xenobiotics. 3 alpha-HSDs could, thus, play a crucial role in the control of a series of active steroid levels in target tissues...

Neuroprotective effects of androgens have not been well-characterized, but there is evidence that 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) has anti-seizure effects. To further examine androgens' neuroprotective effects, testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 3 alpha-diol (1.0 mg/kg SC daily), or sesame oil vehicle was administered to adrenalectomized or sham-operated, young, female Long Evans rats (N = 52). After seven days, animals were perfused and trunk blood was collected for radioimmunoassay of plasma corticosterone and androgens...

Testosterone metabolites (dihydrotestosterone, DHT) and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), but not testosterone itself, were shown to reduce the levels of very long chain fatty acids which accumulate in cultured skin fibroblasts from X-adrenoleukodystrophic patients (X-ALD). In addition, in X-ALD fibroblasts, testosterone is less actively converted into DHT vs. controls (skin fibroblasts retrieved from normal subjects) whereas the additional conversion of DHT to the final product 3 alpha-diol is enhanced...

Based on analysis of the published experimental data, we propose a hypothetical mechanism of action of two androgens, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol), which are produced when 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is reduced in sex steroids target cells. The mode of action of these diols as regulatory factors assumes that the androgens possess autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine action that differs from the action of DHT in animals and man and do not merely represent catabolites or metabolites capable of controlling the level of true androgenic hormone DHT...