Hyperparathyroidis

OBJECTIVE:  There is no specific recommendation for management in pregnant women: the aim of this review, based on a clinical case study, is to clarify its development, complications, risk factor and treatment. METHODS:  A review of the literature was performed by consulting the Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct databases. RESULTS:  Primary hyperparathyroidism is defined as excessive production of parathyroid hormone resulting in hypercalcemia...

INTRODUCTION: Secondary hyperparathyroidism remains the main complication of mineral and bone metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease. In case of resistance to medical treatment (native and active vitamin D, calcium and calcimimetics), surgical parathyroidectomy is indicated. The aim of this retrospective study is to show the evolution of the incidence and results of surgical parathyroidectomy in our center between 1980 and 2020 as patient characteristics, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have changed...

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) are genetic predisposition syndromes to endocrine tumors including MEN1, MEN2 and exceptionally MEN4. MEN are transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion with a high penetrance. Classically, there is no genotype/phenotype correlation for NEM1 whereas this is the case for NEM2. Patients with NEM1, linked to an inactivating mutation of the menin gene, may present with: primary hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenoma, duodeno-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), bronchial tumors with an increased risk of thymoma, adrenal cortical tumors, an increased risk of breast cancer and characteristic skin involvement such as collagenomas, lentiginomas and an increased risk of skin cancer...

Hypercalcemia - Diagnosis and Management Abstract. The diagnostic workup of hypercalcemia requires a thorough patient history, a focused clinical examination as well as a step-by-step laboratory diagnostic approach. In order to detect the exact aetiology of hypercalcemia an accurate measurement of serum calcium in correlation with the parathyroid hormone level is therefore essential. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy-related hypercalcemia are responsible for about 90% of all hypercalcemia cases. Therefore, these two pathologies should always be considered in the diagnostic approach...

In 1953, for the first time, Paul Wermer described a family presenting endocrine gland neoplasms over several generations. The transmission was autosomal dominant and the penetrance was high. Forty years later in 1997, the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) gene was sequenced, thus enabling diagnosis and early optimal treatment. Patients carrying the MEN1 gene present endocrine but also non-endocrine tumors. Parathyroid, pancreatic and pituitary impairment are the three main types of endocrine involvement...

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Rare diseases of phosphate/calcium metabolism correspond to a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases. Recent knowledge in physiology and genetics has made it possible to better characterize them and to propose attractive therapeutic approaches based on the underlying pathophysiology. These diseases are often at the interface between nephrology and endocrinology. In this spirit of a multidisciplinary care, each specialty can bring its own critical point of view and its own specificities to improve patient care...

INTRODUCTION: Urolithiasis in kidney transplants is rare but not exceptional (0,20-3%). Dealing with it is complex: abstention, lithotripsy or surgery? The aim of this study is to find out what can be done about it. METHOD: A retrospective study about 420 kidney transplants performed in our institution between 1990 et 2005 revealed nine cases of lithiasis. Among the factors leading to lithiasis were urinary flow obstruction in six cases and hyperparathyroidy in three cases...

Routine calcitonin assay programs and recent studies on the natural history of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have greatly added to our understanding of C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) and refined its classification. This article is an update on CCH physiopathology related to clinical presentation. With this combined approach, two types of CCH that differ by their physiological characteristics can be identified: neoplastic CCH and reactive (also called physiological) CCH. Neoplastic CCH is caused by a germline mutation of the RET protooncogene in a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome...

The authors report the case of dizygotic twins suffering from transitory neonatal hypoparathyroidy and leading to the diagnosis of maternal hyperparathyroidy. The differences of clinical and biological symptomatology between these twins suggest individual variations in response to phosphocalcic disorders of the mother. A review of literature find 31 other cases. This study emphasize the aggravation by the mild hypomagnesemia frequently associated, the usual severity of initial clinical symptomatology in contrast with a good neurologic outcome, the diagnosis of maternal hyperparathyroidy...

We have examined radiologically the bones of seven children attained by renal osteodystrophy. A final score was established by syndrom: hyperparathyroidy, osteomalacia. The results are been confronted to the histomorphometrics studies. Numerous historadiological discordances appears: false radiologic findings 2/7, quantitative discordance of the lesions. Several conventional roentgenologic signs must be revalued after the priliminary histologic findings: cortical index, bone texture: osteomalacia, osteoporosis...