Salivary steroid hormone

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have demonstrated that human neurobiology and behavior is inextricably linked to the activity of our immune systems. Trauma is associated with a multitude of immune system changes; reflecting this, PTSD is often comorbid with immune related conditions such as autoimmune disorders. To further investigate this phenomenon, we tested our hypothesis that cytokine fluctuations during and after an acute stress response correlates with experienced life trauma. METHODS: Using a prospective observational approach, this cohort study measured biomarker profiles in firefighter participants (n = 63), with 9 participants having prior PTSD diagnoses, and 54 without prior PTSD diagnoses...

BACKGROUND: Levels of steroid hormones in the first three months of life, a period referred to as 'mini-puberty', are one of the earliest physiological differences between typical males and females postnatally. Autistic traits also show consistent typical sex differences in later infancy, after the 18th month of life. Previous studies have shown prenatal testosterone is associated with later levels of autistic traits. Studies testing if postnatal testosterone levels are associated with autistic traits have reported null results...

Background: Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) occur via esophagogastroduodenoscopy with tissue biopsy. Objective: We sought to determine if salivary microribonucleic acid (miRNA) levels could differentiate children with EoE, serving as a noninvasive biomarker. Methods: Saliva was collected from children undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (N = 291). miRNA analysis was conducted on 150 samples: EoE (n = 50), no pathologic alteration (n = 100). RNA was quantified with high throughput sequencing and aligned to build hg38 of the human genome using sequencing and alignment software...

Cortisol, a steroid hormone mostly known as "the stress hormone," plays many essential functions in humans due its involvement in several metabolic pathways. It is well-known that cortisol dysregulation is implied in evolution and progression of several chronic pathologies, including cardiac diseases such as heart failure (HF). However, although several sensors have been proposed to date for the determination of cortisol, none of them has been designed for its determination in saliva in order to monitor HF progression...

A number of steroids, including glucocorticoids and sex hormones, have been associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular conditions common in aging populations. The application of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) steroid analysis offers an opportunity to conduct simultaneous multiplex steroid analysis within a given sample. In this paper, we describe the application of an LC-MS/MS steroid analysis method for the assessment of reference ranges of steroids in human saliva samples (200 µL) collected from older adults (age 50 years and above) enrolled in a European cohort investigating the risk for Alzheimer's dementia...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence rate and difficult diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to explore whether salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone can be used as biomarkers of ASD children. METHODS: The saliva samples of 55 boys with ASD were collected as the experimental group, and the saliva samples of 24 neurotypical boys were collected as the control group. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS) were used to assess the severity of symptoms in boys with ASD...

Sontag, SA, Cabarkapa, D, and Fry, AC. Testosterone and cortisol salivary samples are stable across multiple freeze-thaw cycles. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-When processing salivary samples for biomarker analysis, avoiding multiple freeze-thaw cycles is generally recommended. However, confusing tissue handling instructions or challenges with collections in the field sometimes makes this problematic. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine if the stability of salivary testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) hormones remains unchanged when exposed to multiple freeze-thaw cycles...

OBJECTIVE: 11-oxygenated androgens significantly contribute to the circulating androgen pool. Understanding the physiological variation of 11-oxygenated androgens and their determinants is essential for clinical interpretation, for example, in androgen excess conditions. We quantified classic and 11-oxygenated androgens in serum and saliva across the adult age and body mass index (BMI) range, also analyzing diurnal and menstrual cycle-dependent variation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional...

Salivary steroid immunoassays are widely used in psychoneuroendocrinological studies of menstrual cycle phase, puberty, and menopause. Though manufacturers advertise their assays as suitable, they have not been rigorously validated for these purposes. We collated data from eight menstrual cycle studies across > 1200 female participants and > 9500 time points. Seven studies collected saliva and one collected serum. All assayed estradiol and progesterone and had an independent measure of cycle phase (LH-surge, menstrual onset)...

The selection of sows that are reproductively fit and produce large litters of piglets is imperative for success in the pork industry. Currently, low heritability of reproductive and litter-related traits and unfavourable genetic correlations are slowing the improvement of pig selection efficiency. The integration of biomarkers as a supplement or alternative to the use of genetic markers may permit the optimization and increase of selection protocol efficiency. Metabolite biomarkers are an advantageous class of biomarkers that can facilitate the identification of cellular processes implicated in reproductive condition...

The acute stress response is characterized by activation of multiple interconnected systems in the body, resulting in the release of a flood of hormones and immune mediators into circulation. In addition to detection of these molecules in the serum, saliva can serve as a source of these markers as well and can be collected in a non-invasive way. The complete profile of salivary biomarkers associated with the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal/gonadal axes and the immune system during the acute stress response has not been fully elucidated...

Bulk production and release of glue containing secretory granules takes place in the larval salivary gland during Drosophila development in order to attach the metamorphosing animal to a dry surface. These granules undergo a maturation process to prepare glue for exocytosis, which includes homotypic fusions to increase the size of granules, vesicle acidification and ion uptake. The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is known to be required for the first and last steps of this process: glue synthesis and secretion, respectively...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for saliva are simple, non-invasive methods for hormone detection. Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a neuroactive steroid hormone that plays a crucial role in the aetiology of reproductive mood disorders. To better understand the relationship between ALLO and mood, a validated method to measure peripheral hormone levels is required. Currently, there is no commercially available ELISA with which to measure ALLO in saliva. We validated two ELISAs, developed for use with blood, with the saliva samples of 25 pregnant women, examining the range and sensitivity, intra- and inter-assay precision, parallelism, linearity of dilution, and recovery...

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) describes the sharp increase in cortisol secretion within 60 min after awakening. A summary of the CAR, the area under the cortisol curve above the awakening cortisol value (AUCi ) is a widely used biomarker in health research. Estimation of the AUCi rely on a number of collected salivary samples at fixed time intervals (i.e., 5 samples in 15 min intervals) starting from awakening. Little empirical work has been executed to investigate the impact of reducing sampling times on AUCi estimation, which could potentially improve participant compliance and reduce operational costs...

PROBLEM: Several biomarkers have been studied to predict spontaneous preterm birth, including salivary progesterone. However, due to limited studies, the utility of this biomarker remains controversial. This study synthesized the available literature and determined the role of salivary progesterone as a potential biomarker for preterm birth. METHOD OF STUDY: All studies reporting the levels of salivary progesterone among pregnant women with reported birth outcomes were obtained from Ovid Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to January 10, 2022...

Steroid hormones perform diverse biological functions in developing and adult animals. However, the mechanistic basis for their tissue specificity remains unclear. In Drosophila , the ecdysone steroid hormone is essential for coordinating developmental timing across physically separated tissues. Ecdysone directly impacts genome function through its nuclear receptor, a heterodimer of the EcR and ultraspiracle proteins. Ligand binding to EcR triggers a transcriptional cascade, including activation of a set of primary response transcription factors...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of vital signs throughout the body. However, current cortisol monitoring methods are inconvenient for everyday settings. Heart Rate (HR) and Heart Rate Variability (HRV) are easily collected biological parameters whose fluctuations highly correlate with cortisol, however, there does not exist a work attempting to estimate cortisol levels using these signals. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, we propose a machine learning-based salivary cortisol level estimation method using HR and HRV collected from pregnant women wearing an ECG chest strap...

The steroid hormone cortisol can be used to measure physiological stress in humans. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis synthesizes cortisol, and a negative feedback cycle regulates cortisol depending on an individual's stress level and/or circadian rhythm. Chronic stress of college undergraduate students is associated with various adverse health effects, including anxiety and depression. Reports suggest that stress levels have risen dramatically in recent years, particularly among university students dealing with intense academic loads in addition to COVID-19 pandemic-related uncertainty...

Introduction Children with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have an impaired steroid synthesis due to 21-hydroxylase dysfunction and require glucocorticoid replacement. Therapy management in children and adolescent is based on auxological, clinical and laboratory monitoring. The measurement of steroid precursors in saliva is particularly suitable for patients in pediatric endocrinology. Methods In this retrospective and longitudinal study of 22 patients with CAH, we analyzed 546 saliva samples for 17-hydroxyprogesterone (s17-OHP) in prepubertal/pubertal patients...

The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) remains controversial. Targeted analyses or "omics" approach of saliva provide diagnostic or pathophysiological biomarkers. This pilot study's primary objective was to explore the pathophysiology of BMS through a comparative analysis of the salivary metabolome among 26 BMS female cases and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Secondary objectives included comparative analyses of inflammatory cytokines, neuroinflammatory markers, and steroid hormones among cases and control subjects, and among BMS patients according to their clinical characteristics...